Elements
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Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements 2.1 Elements and Symbols 2.2 Periodic Table
LecturePLUS Timberlake
1
Elements Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium LecturePLUS Timberlake
2
Symbols of Elements Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon N nitrogen F fluorine O oxygen
Co
cobalt Ca calcium Br bromine Mg magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake
3
Symbols from Latin Names Element Copper Gold Lead Mercury Potassium Silver Sodium Tin
Symbol Cu Au Pb Hg K Ag Na Sn LecturePLUS Timberlake
Latin name cuprum aurum plumbum hydrargyrum kalium argentum natrium stannum 4
% Major Elements in the Body O 65.0 % K 0.34 C 18.0 S 0.26 H 10.0 Na 0.14 N 3.0 Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004 P 1.0 Zn 0.003 Mg 0.50 Trace Elements As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V LecturePLUS Timberlake
5
Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C 2) Ca 3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 1) Ir
2) Sl
3) Su
2) FE
3) Fe
LecturePLUS Timberlake
6
Solution Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 2) Ca B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake
7
Learning Check Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium 2) phogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver 2) agean 3) gold LecturePLUS Timberlake
8
Solution Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver LecturePLUS Timberlake
9
Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.
LecturePLUS Timberlake
10
Physical Properties The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance. Color Size Shape Density Freezing and Boiling Points Odor LecturePLUS Timberlake
11
Groups of Elements Vertical columns on the periodic table Similar physical properties Similar chemical properties
LecturePLUS Timberlake
12
Groups on the Periodic Table 1
2
3
4
LecturePLUS Timberlake
5
6
7
8
13
Representative Groups Group 1
Alkali Metals
Group 2
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7
Halogens
Group 8
Noble Gases
LecturePLUS Timberlake
14
Location of Some Groups 1 A l m k e a t l a i l s
2
3
4
A l k a l i n e LecturePLUS Timberlake
5
6 7
8 H a l o g e n s
I n e r t
G a s e s
15
Periods on the Periodic Table Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8. Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. Include representative elements and transition elements
LecturePLUS Timberlake
16
Periods on the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 LecturePLUS Timberlake
17
Learning Check A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron
LecturePLUS Timberlake
18
Solution A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br
B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3 2) magnesium
LecturePLUS Timberlake
19
Learning Check A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn D. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake
3) N, P, As, Sb 20
Solution A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 2) magnesium C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb D. Nonmetals in Group VA 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake
21
Metals and Nonmetals Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductile Good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy line Dull and brittle Poor conductors, good insulators LecturePLUS Timberlake
22
Metals and Nonmetals
ME T
Transition metals
AL S
ME T
AL S
LecturePLUS Timberlake
NO NM ET
AL S 23
Learning Check Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur ____ B. chlorine ____ C. sodium ____ D. iron ____ E. carbon ____ F. silver ____ LecturePLUS Timberlake
24
Solution Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur 2 B. chlorine 2 C. sodium 1 D. iron 1 E. carbon 2 F. silver 1 LecturePLUS Timberlake
25
Learning Check Select the correct elements: A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
LecturePLUS Timberlake
26
Solution A.
Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb
B.
Nonmetals in Group 5A 2) N, P, As
LecturePLUS Timberlake
27
LecturePLUS Timberlake
1
Elements Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium LecturePLUS Timberlake
2
Symbols of Elements Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon N nitrogen F fluorine O oxygen
Co
cobalt Ca calcium Br bromine Mg magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake
3
Symbols from Latin Names Element Copper Gold Lead Mercury Potassium Silver Sodium Tin
Symbol Cu Au Pb Hg K Ag Na Sn LecturePLUS Timberlake
Latin name cuprum aurum plumbum hydrargyrum kalium argentum natrium stannum 4
% Major Elements in the Body O 65.0 % K 0.34 C 18.0 S 0.26 H 10.0 Na 0.14 N 3.0 Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004 P 1.0 Zn 0.003 Mg 0.50 Trace Elements As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V LecturePLUS Timberlake
5
Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C 2) Ca 3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 1) Ir
2) Sl
3) Su
2) FE
3) Fe
LecturePLUS Timberlake
6
Solution Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 2) Ca B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake
7
Learning Check Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium 2) phogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver 2) agean 3) gold LecturePLUS Timberlake
8
Solution Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver LecturePLUS Timberlake
9
Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.
LecturePLUS Timberlake
10
Physical Properties The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance. Color Size Shape Density Freezing and Boiling Points Odor LecturePLUS Timberlake
11
Groups of Elements Vertical columns on the periodic table Similar physical properties Similar chemical properties
LecturePLUS Timberlake
12
Groups on the Periodic Table 1
2
3
4
LecturePLUS Timberlake
5
6
7
8
13
Representative Groups Group 1
Alkali Metals
Group 2
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7
Halogens
Group 8
Noble Gases
LecturePLUS Timberlake
14
Location of Some Groups 1 A l m k e a t l a i l s
2
3
4
A l k a l i n e LecturePLUS Timberlake
5
6 7
8 H a l o g e n s
I n e r t
G a s e s
15
Periods on the Periodic Table Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8. Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. Include representative elements and transition elements
LecturePLUS Timberlake
16
Periods on the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 LecturePLUS Timberlake
17
Learning Check A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron
LecturePLUS Timberlake
18
Solution A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br
B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3 2) magnesium
LecturePLUS Timberlake
19
Learning Check A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn D. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake
3) N, P, As, Sb 20
Solution A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 2) magnesium C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb D. Nonmetals in Group VA 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake
21
Metals and Nonmetals Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductile Good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy line Dull and brittle Poor conductors, good insulators LecturePLUS Timberlake
22
Metals and Nonmetals
ME T
Transition metals
AL S
ME T
AL S
LecturePLUS Timberlake
NO NM ET
AL S 23
Learning Check Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur ____ B. chlorine ____ C. sodium ____ D. iron ____ E. carbon ____ F. silver ____ LecturePLUS Timberlake
24
Solution Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur 2 B. chlorine 2 C. sodium 1 D. iron 1 E. carbon 2 F. silver 1 LecturePLUS Timberlake
25
Learning Check Select the correct elements: A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
LecturePLUS Timberlake
26
Solution A.
Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb
B.
Nonmetals in Group 5A 2) N, P, As
LecturePLUS Timberlake
27
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