Electro Mechanical

Electro Mechanical

• Late 1930s–40s (WWII)

D.E.

– Nazi Germany, 1941 • Konrad Zuse’s Z3: 1st programmable, general-purpose, electromechanical computer. • brief video Zuse

relay

First Computer • Z1 Computer by Konrad Zuse in 1936 1st freely programmable computer * ABC(Atanasoff-Berry Computer) by John Atanasoff &Clifford Berry in1942

Konrad Zuse's Z1 Computer Way back in the year of 1936, Konrad Zuse started constructing the Z1 computer in the living room of his parents apartment in Berlin, Germany. With an average of 20,000 parts, it weighed about 500 kilograms. Running at a speed of 1 HZ, it took about 5 seconds to complete a multiplication problem. It was later destroyed in allied air raids. In 1986, Konrad Zuse decided to rebuild the Z1.

The Z1 computer

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Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer • 1st large scale electronic digital computer • designed and constructed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania – since 1920s, faculty had worked with Aberdeen Proving Ground’s Ballistics Research Laboratory (BRL)

Inspiration and Perspiration Unite • 1943 Mauchly and Eckert prepare a proposal for the US Army to build an Electronic Numerical Integrator – calculate a trajectory in 1 second

• May 31, 1943 Construction of ENIAC starts • 1944 early thoughts on stored program computers by members of the ENIAC team • July 1944 two accumulators working

ENIAC • short for “Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer” (1946) • WWII needed for the American military to calculate missile trajectories quickly • Dr. John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania (1946) • 17,480 vacuum tubes; 10 feet high, 3 feet wide, and 100 feet long, and weighed 30 tons; fast and programmable.

Accumulator (28 vacuum tubes)

ENIAC at Moore School, University of Pennsylvania

ENIAC

ENIAC ENIAC plug board (one of many) 1946

ENIAC - 1946

Foundations of Modern Computing

ENIAC, created by Dr. John Mauchly (1907-1980) & J. Presper Eckert, for use in the war (WWII) but was not completed in time. It was mainly used to solve math problems

ENIAC • Mauchly and Eckert - 1943 proposal to Army • ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) working in 1945 (after the war) • von Neumann - EDVAC • Transistor invented in 1947 • ICs - Integrated Circuits • Microprocessor (Intel 4004) 1971 Printer

ENIAC Pictures Programming with switches Engineers

The initiating and cycling units of ENIAC

Development

• Harvard Mark I by Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper in 1944 • ENIAC 1 by John Presper Eckert & John W. Manchly in 1946

1920's and 30's • 1927 - Television is introduced. Radio Telephone becomes operational between New York and London. • 1928 - Vladimir Zworykin invents the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT). • 1933 - The first talking machine is invented by Homer W. Dudley.

Alan Turing (1912-1954) • On Computable Numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem • Code breaker

1936 - The Turing Machine • Alan M. Turing of Princeton University invents a machine design supposedly capable of any known calculation. • This led to principles used in digital computers. • Turing built machines to counter the German Enigma code machines.

A Basic Timeline of Computer Systems 1936 The Z1 Computer 1942 The ABC Computer 1944 The MARK 1 Computer 1950 The Simon Computer 1953 The IBM 701 Computer 1954 The IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Calculater 1955 The Bell Laboratories TRADIC 1956 The IBM 305 RAMAC 1958 The NEC NEAC 1101 1965 Digital Equipment Coporation's PDP-8 MiniComputer 1971 The Kenbak-1 Was Advertised

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A Basic Timeline of Computer Systems – Continued 1974 The Alto Computer 1974 Scelbi Advertised It's 8H Computer 1975 MITS Altair 8800 Computer 1977 The Apple II Personal Computer – a BIG Succes 1981 IBM's 5150 Personal Computer – a BIGGER Succes 1983 Apple Introduced Its Lisa 1984 Apple Computer launched the Macintosh 1987 IBM Introduced It's PS/2 Machines 1994 Apple launches its first PC's based on Motorola's new PowerPC processor: The Power Macintosh 6100, 7100, and 8100 2003 You Can Build Youself a Very Good Computer For $2100

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Next !! • Approximately 400 years ago the first adding machine was invented. • The first calculator was not used until the 1900’s.