Eco 2
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1. Look at data in table 1.3 and 1.4. Is Punjab ahead of Bihar in literacy rate etc. as it is in terms of per capita income? Ans 1. Yes, Punjab is ahead of Bihar in literacy rate, infant mortality and net attendance ratio as it is in terms of per capita income.
2. Think of other examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision. Ans2. Examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision: •
•
If the public distribution system by the government functions properly then it would be much cheaper for the people to consume products from the ration shops than from the open market. It would be cheaper to get a treatment from government hospitals instead of private hospitals
3. Does availability of good health and educational facilities depend only on amount of money spent by the government on these facilities? What other factors could be relevant? Ans3. No, availability of good health and educational facilities does not depend only on amount of money spent by the government on these facilities. The other factors are: • • •
ngo’s, charity trusts . For e.g Vivek High is owned by D.A.V private companies
4. In Tamil Nadu 75% of the people living in rural areas use a ration shop, whereas in Jharkhand only 8% of rural people do so. Where would people be better off and why? Ans4. In Tamil Nadu 75% of the people living in rural areas use a ration shop which means that people buy goods at cheaper rates and therefore it is more profitable. As the ration shops assure food security to the people, the food is easily available and accessible them. Whereas in Jharkhand people are dying of hunger because of the poor availability of food. The people in rural areas can not easily afford food grains from the open market and hardly use the ration shops. Therefore in Tamil Nadu where the facilities provided by the government is cheap, the people are better off.
5. Activity 2: a) The literacy rate for all groups, including young and old, is ___for rural males and ___for rural females. However, it is not just that these many adults could not attend school but that there are ___who are currently not in school. b) It is clear from the table that ___ % of rural girls and ___ % of rural boys are not attending school. Therefore, illiteracy among children in the age group 10-14 is as high as ___ % for rural females and ___ % for rural males. c) This high level of illiteracy among ___ age group, even after more than 60 years of our independence, is most disturbing. In many other states also we are nowhere near realization of the constitutional goal of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14, which was expected to be achieved by 1960.
6. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank? Ans6. The world bank used the criterion of per capita income whereas the UNDP used the criterion of HDI- Human Development Index.
7. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss. Ans7. No, I don’t agree with the statement. Per capita income is a very useful criterion and should be used to compare states. It is just that it is not the only factor on which human development of different states be compared. There are other factors also on which it depends such as literacy rate, infant mortality rate, net attendance ratio etc. Therefore it is not a correct statement.
2. Think of other examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision. Ans2. Examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision: •
•
If the public distribution system by the government functions properly then it would be much cheaper for the people to consume products from the ration shops than from the open market. It would be cheaper to get a treatment from government hospitals instead of private hospitals
3. Does availability of good health and educational facilities depend only on amount of money spent by the government on these facilities? What other factors could be relevant? Ans3. No, availability of good health and educational facilities does not depend only on amount of money spent by the government on these facilities. The other factors are: • • •
ngo’s, charity trusts . For e.g Vivek High is owned by D.A.V private companies
4. In Tamil Nadu 75% of the people living in rural areas use a ration shop, whereas in Jharkhand only 8% of rural people do so. Where would people be better off and why? Ans4. In Tamil Nadu 75% of the people living in rural areas use a ration shop which means that people buy goods at cheaper rates and therefore it is more profitable. As the ration shops assure food security to the people, the food is easily available and accessible them. Whereas in Jharkhand people are dying of hunger because of the poor availability of food. The people in rural areas can not easily afford food grains from the open market and hardly use the ration shops. Therefore in Tamil Nadu where the facilities provided by the government is cheap, the people are better off.
5. Activity 2: a) The literacy rate for all groups, including young and old, is ___for rural males and ___for rural females. However, it is not just that these many adults could not attend school but that there are ___who are currently not in school. b) It is clear from the table that ___ % of rural girls and ___ % of rural boys are not attending school. Therefore, illiteracy among children in the age group 10-14 is as high as ___ % for rural females and ___ % for rural males. c) This high level of illiteracy among ___ age group, even after more than 60 years of our independence, is most disturbing. In many other states also we are nowhere near realization of the constitutional goal of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14, which was expected to be achieved by 1960.
6. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank? Ans6. The world bank used the criterion of per capita income whereas the UNDP used the criterion of HDI- Human Development Index.
7. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss. Ans7. No, I don’t agree with the statement. Per capita income is a very useful criterion and should be used to compare states. It is just that it is not the only factor on which human development of different states be compared. There are other factors also on which it depends such as literacy rate, infant mortality rate, net attendance ratio etc. Therefore it is not a correct statement.
