Ebook - Us Army - Afghanistan Mujahadeen Tactics, Techniques & Procedures L

Afghanistan Mujahadeen Tactics, Techniques, & Procedures

UNCLASSIFIED

Objective ► Action:

Identify the Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures used by Mujahadeen in Afghanistan. ► Conditions: Given student handouts ► Standards: Identified the Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures used by Mujahadeen in Afghanistan.

Administrative ► There ► The

are no safety requirements.

risk assessment level is low.

► There

are no environmental considerations

► Evaluations

Student Checks

Topics ► Maneuver ► Fire Support ► Air Defense ► Command & Control ► Mobility & Counter-

mobility ► Logistics ► Denial & Deception

Maneuver ► Ambush ► Harassment

  

2 to 15 personnel Small scale Rapid withdrawal

► Resupply

 Require more personnel ► Up

to 150

 Looting ► W eapons ► Food ► Munitions

Maneuver ► Ambush Teams

   

Observers Firing Element Alert Element Reserve Element

► Radio or visual

communications ► 3 Lines   

Fire Element Commo Element Command Element

Maneuver ► Ambush Locations

 Entrance/exit of canyon  Behind earthen walls ► Early morning or

evening ► Hit convoys on return trips ► Hit rapid reaction forces

Maneuver ► Ambush Lessons

Learned  Advance recon patrols are necessary  Helicopter support is essential  Avoid predictable patterns  Communicate with replacements

Maneuver ► Sniper Operations

 Lack of well-trained Muj shooters ► Al

Qaeda marksmanship is generally good

 Will use canals to move  Catch targets in crossfire  Use of bounties ► Helicopter

popular

crews are

Maneuver ► Raids ► Generally against

isolated outposts ► Probe for weaknesses  Gather forces covertly ► Prefer

  

cover of night

Attack the objective Seize needed supplies Withdraw before counterattack

Maneuver ► Individual & Small

Team Tactics  Probe and assess reactions/patterns ► Airfield Raids

 Influenced by Soviet war  Propaganda value ► Shelling Attacks

 Will attack civilians to prove Gov’ts inability to protect them

Maneuver ► Mujahadeen Tactics

     

Fire and move Reduce signatures Delayed fuse rockets Survivability is key Use of mines Blend in with population

Maneuver ► Mountain Defense &

Ambushes ► Caves and tunnels  Used since Mongol invasion ► Prepared defenses

 Used to attract attacks ► Ambush

 Limited routes  Attack on return ► Use of air support

Maneuver ► Urban Ambush and

Bombs ► Cover for action    

Homes Businesses Mosques Gov’t buildings

► Multiple IED attack Kanhadhar

 Max casualties

Maneuver ► Hostile House-Clearing

   

6-10 team Ak-47, hand grenade Room to room Single location

► Hostage Taking

     

Tradition technique Front, rear vehicles Box vehicle Kill guard/driver Subdue abductee Exit scene

Maneuver ► Armor

        

Small number assets Primarily defensive T-54, T-55, T-62 May still possess Fortified/stationary position Dug in defensive position Hard to spot Alters signatures Sensor-fused weapons hard to target

Maneuver ►

Infantry Anti-tank Weapons  Used as multipurpose direct fire weapons  Used on aircraft  Used as crude mortar  Used to destroy buildings or bunkers  Improvised off-route mine  Breach minefields  Used against light armored/soft-skinned vehicles

Maneuver ► Recoilless Rifles

 90mm ► No

info on use

 B10 82mm ► Not

seen in engagements ► Large amounts of ammo found

 SPG-9 73mm B-10 82-mm Recoilless Rifle

► Often

fired on shoulder

Maneuver ►

Rocket-Propelled Grenades  Anti-armor weapon  Used against helicopter  Firing signature

►

Tactics  W etting ground  Track flight patterns  Higher elevation  Teams

►

Countermeasures  Physical  Tactical

Fire Support ► Mortars

  

Primary support weapon Team leaves mortar set up High elevations

► 82 mm mortar

 Primary indirect weapon ► 120 mm mortar

 Used, not preferred ► 60 mm mortar

 Found, not used

Fire Support ► Rockets

    

No organized units High elevation Crude, expedient launch Harassment fire Cities and bases targets

► 107 mm rocket

 Crude time delay firing ► 122 mm rocket

 Expedient aiming methods

Fire Support ► Artillery

 Employ unconventionally  Control of warlords  Not employed against coalition forces ► 122mm D-3 Howitzer

 Most plentiful prior to air attacks in 2001

Air Defense ► MANPADS

 Limited numbers may still exist in theater  Work in pairs or small groups  Attempt to use higher elevation (warmer months)  Take off or landing  Along take off or landing path

Command & Control ► C2

 Use of commercial VHF radios  Tactical leaders use, higher levels use operator  Probable satellite telephone use  Couriers  Challenge and Password system ► Arabic ► Dari/Pashtu

Command & Control ► Intelligence and

Reconnaissance  Human intelligence and dissemination ► Family,

friends, tribal

leaders

 Commercial radio scanners  Know the area  Attacks to observe countermeasures

Command & Control ► Checkpoints

 Traditional fundraising function under Taliban  Tribal leaders or warlords may keep unofficial tolls to a minimum  Unofficial checkpoints usually do not hamper coalition operations

Mobility & Counter-Mobility ► Mine Threat

 5 million uncleared  Urban and rural areas  Iran/Pakistan borders mined  Markings  Indicators

Mobility & Counter-Mobility ► Improvised Explosive

Devices/Booby Traps  Coupling  Daisy Chain ► Up

   

to 200 meters

Boosting Sensitizing Timed delay Vehicle borne

Logistics ► Caravan and Convoy

Use to bring in supplies At night Vehicles, livestock Canyons, caves, dry riverbeds, green zones  Advance team  Decoy team  Main element    

Logistics ► Caches

Throughout AF In operational area Small to large Caves, houses, possibly commercial or government facilities  May use guards  Many individual/households have small cache for self-defense purposes    

Denial & Deception ► Understanding

Signatures  Basic knowledge of D&D  Understand difference between night-vision and thermal sensors  Information to my Afghani Mujahideen Brothers  Spiderholes, tarps, blankets

Denial & Deception ► Thermal Decoys

 Wood fire in shallow pits  Look like person or vehicle  Method to deceive radar with rocks and pieces of metal approximating size of vehicle

Questions?