Dyslexia

Dyslexia

What is Dyslexia? • Dyslexia is a learning disability not intellectual disability nor visual problems. • This developmental disorder is marked by difficulty in written language, particularly in reading and spelling.

• 5-10% of general population affects boys 3 to 6 times as frequent as girls. • The problem doesn’t only lie in perceiving words correctly. Dyslexia is instead usually related to some kind of language impairment and often associated with verbal memory problem

• Dyslexic individuals often have difficulty "breaking the code" of soundletter association (Auditory dyslexia) • Dyslexia can also lead to difficulties in mathematics due to challenges in comprehension and sequencing (Visual dyslexia)

What causes Dyslexia? There are several types of dyslexia that can affect the child's ability to spell as well as read.

Trauma Dyslexia occurs after some form of brain trauma or injury to the area of the brain that controls reading and writing.

Primary dyslexia • Dysfunction of, rather than damage to, the left side of the brain (cerebral cortex) and does not change with age. • Primary dyslexia is passed in family lines through their genes (hereditary). It is found more often in boys than in girls.

Developmental dyslexia Felt to be caused by hormonal development during the early stages of fetal development.

Signs and Symptoms: • Letter and number reversals are the most common warning sign. • Difficulty copying from the board or a book. • Memory Problem • Appear to be uncoordinated and have difficulty with organized sports or games • Difficulty with left and right is common.

Emotional Sign and Symptoms: • Withdrawn and appear to be depressed. • Begin to act out, drawing attention away from their learning difficulty. • Problems with self-esteem can arise, and peer and sibling interactions can become strained. • These children may lose their interest in school-related activities.

How is dyslexia diagnosed? Dyslexia is a difficult disorder to diagnose. • Test are evaluated by Intelligence test. • All aspects of the reading process are examined to pinpoint where the breakdown is occurring. • Testing further assesses how a child takes in and processes information and what the child does with the information

The tests determine whether a child learns better by: • Auditory • Visual • Kinesthetic

They also assess whether a child performs better when: • Allowed to give information (output). • Saying something (oral). • Doing something with their hands (tactile-kinesthetic).

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The tests also evaluate how all of these sensory systems (modalities) work in conjunction with each other.

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The child should not feel uncomfortable.

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The child should have good night's sleep prior to the testing and have a good breakfast.

Treatment Developmental approach Simply intensifies conventional methods of instruction. Corrective approach Emphasizes the dyslexic individual’s assets and interest. Remedial approach Focuses on deficiencies.

While there are many theories about successful treatment for dyslexia... There is NO ACTUAL CURE FOR IT.

Adult Dyslexia • No matter how talented they are, adult dyslexics are often secretive and defensive. They write down inverted phone numbers and financial figures. • They can spend an hour trying to decipher a memo. • Many get headaches from trying to read accurately

Learning disabled people become highly successful once they escape school.  Dyslexic employees are some of the smartest, most imaginative and highly motivated people in your workgroup.  People with attention deficit problems often do better if they have a number of different tasks going at once. 

Some of them are considered UNUSUALLY TALENTED because of their skills at manipulating form and space.

ADHD and DYSLEXIA are serious problems.. Don’t blame them, it’s not their fault… Support them and You could save a life….

REFERENCES: Groiler Incorporated Danbury,Connecticut Groiler Encyclopedia of Knowledge  Kagan and Havemann, Psychology  Huffman, M. Vernoy, J. Vernoy, Williams, Psychology in Action  Brisbane,Holy Developing Child  Intro to Pschology (Understanding Human Behavior)  Brown,Nancy Mental Health Nursing  Hetherington, Parke Child Psychology Third Edition Updates from:  www.wikepedia.org  www.medicinenet.com  www.youtube.com 

Any Questions or Clarifications? Thank you for listening.. Hope you have learned something from me…. Neko-chan