Dr Younis-vaccine Preventable Diseases

VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASE PRESENTED BY: DR. YOUNIS MUSHTAQ ROLL NO. 12 MBA IN HEALTH AND HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT PADMASHREE DR. DYPATIL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT NAVI MUMBAI-400614

CONCEPT OF IMMUNITY SPECIFIC DEFENCES • Come into play once microorganisms have breached local defence mechanisms. • Two types- Active & Passive. • Active immunity• Humoral • Cellular • Combination of both

Passive Immunity• Normal Human Ig • Specific Human Ig • Animal antitoxins or antisera

Immunising agents • Vaccines • Immunoglobulins • Antisera

VACCINES LIVE  BCG, Typhoid oral, Plague(Bacterial)  Oral polio, yellow fever, measles, Rubella, Mumps,

Influenza.(Viral)  Epi typhus.(Rickettsial) INACTIVATED  Typhoid, cholera, pertusis, C.S. meningitis, Plague. (Bacterial)  Rabies, Salk, influenza, Hepatitis B, Japanese encephalitis(Viral) TOXOIDS  Diphtheria, Tetanus(Bacterial)

COLD CHAIN • A cold chain is a temperature-controlled

supply chain. • It is used to extend and to help ensure the shelf life of products such as chemicals, foods and Pharmaceutical drugs. • This is important in the supply of vaccines to distant clinics in hot climates served by poorly developed transport networks.

Cold chain equipments • Walk in cold rooms. • Deep freezers and ice linked refrigerators. • Small deep freezers and ILR(140 Ltr) • Cold boxes, vaccine carriers. • Day carriers, ice packs.

• The cold chain system for the storage, distribution and

transportation of the vaccines consists of 113 Walk-in- Cold Rooms and 10 Walk in Freezer Rooms at the regional level; Icelined Refrigerators and Deep Freezers at the District level and a twin set of ILR/Freezer at the PHC level. • From the PHCs, the vaccines are taken in vaccine carriers as no storage is envisaged at the Sub-centre level. • The above basic cold chain system is supported by (a)Cold boxes for transportation of vaccines from the regional storage points to the districts and from the districts to the PHCs (b)Sterilisation equipment for the PHCs and sub-centres (c)Needles and syringes.

Vaccine preventable diseases • Advances in biomedical research,

technology, and government support for more publicly-funded immunization programs is helping to make this possible. • Vaccines still provide the most effective, longest-lasting method of preventing infectious diseases in all age groups.

Various diseases which can be prevented by vaccination • • • • • • • • • •

Cholera Diphtheria Haemophilus influenzae, type B Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Influenza Japanese Encephalitis Measles Meningitis Mumps

• • • • • • • • • • •

Pertussis   Poliomyelitis pneumococcal Rabies Rubella Smallpox Tetanus Typhoid Varicella Yellow Fever etc

UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE • Universal

Immunisation Programme (UIP), declared as one of the Technology Missions in 1986, was launched in 1985 as part of the overall national strategy to bring down infant and maternal mortality in the country by providing immunisation to all infants against six vaccine preventable diseases and pregnant women against tetanus

• Under the UIP, every year about 25 million

infants are to be vaccinated before they are one year old with three doses of OPT vaccine (Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus), three doses of polio vaccine (orally administered) and one dose each of the measles and BCG vaccines. About 27 million pregnant women are also to be administered two doses of tetanus toxide (TT) as prevention against tetanus to them and to their new born.

NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE   Vaccine

Age

 

Birth

6 weeks

Primary vaccination BCG

X

 

 

 

 

Oral polio

X

X

X

X

 

DPT

 

X

X

X

 

Hepatitis B*

 

X

X

X

 

Measles

 

 

 

 

X

Booster Doses DPT + Oral polio DT Tetanus toxoid (TT) Vitamin A Pregnant women Tetanus toxoid (PW): 1st dose 2nd dose Booster

10 weeks

14 weeks

9-12 months

16 to 24 months 5 years At 10 years and again at 16 years 9, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months As early as possible during pregnancy (first contact) 1 month after 1st dose If previously vaccinated, within 3 years

Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases: • Considerable efforts have gone into developing a reliable surveillance system. The immediate reporting of cases of neonatal tetanus and poliomyelitis has been made mandatory.

There has been a significant decline in the reported disease incidence of these diseases are given in the table:

HAZARDS OF IMMUNISATION • Reactions inherent to inoculation. • Reactions due to faulty techniques. • Reactions due to hypersensitivity. • Neurological involvement. • Provocative reactions. • others

REFERENCES

• Park’ s Text book of PSM by K. Park. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_chain • http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dpg-eng.php#vac • http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccines • http://www.savic.ac.za/backend/docs/VACC INE%20PREVENTABLE%20DISEASES%20VAAL.pdf

THANK YOU