Dos Command

PC- Software - DOS - Commands - Internal COMMAND.COM Commands: External BREAK Sets Ctrl_c check CALL Batch : calls a batch program (bat-file) - and returns CHCP "Change Code Page" : Displays or changes the current Code Page used by COMMAND.COM CHDIR, CD "Change Directory" : Changes or displays the working directory CLS Clears the screen COPY Copies the specified files CTTY "Change Tele Type" : Lets you change the device used to enter commands DATE Displays or sets the current date DEL Deletes the specified file(s) = ERASE DIR Lists the files in a directory ECHO Batch : sends following text to standard output (the screen) - or to redirected device ERASE Deletes the specified file(s) = DEL EXIT Exits the current command processor and returns to the previous level FOR Batch : starts a loop GOTO Batch : jumps to a named label in the batch program IF Batch : starts a conditonal expression MKDIR, MD "Make Directory" PATH Sets a command search path (PATH=) in the environment PAUSE Batch : pauses execution of a batch program - displaying an optional comment PROMPT Changes the MS-DOS command prompt (PROMPT=) in the environment REM Batch : a remark - following text is not executed RENAME, REN Renames first file as second file RMDIR, RD "Remove Directory" : removes an empty directory SET Sets a specified environment variable to a specified value (VAR=value) - or displays al environment variables and values SHIFT Batch : drops the leftmost command line parameter - and shifts following parameters to the left to the left TIME Displays or sets the current time TYPE Displays the contents of a (text-)file VER Displays the MS-DOS version number VERIFY Virifyes all writes to a disk during COPY or XCOPY VOL Displays the disk volume label

D O S ve Command r 19 1 81

Internal (in command.com)

External (.com, .exe) Batch

19 3 84 19 3.1

TSR*

Utility

chkdsk, comp, diskcomp, copy, date, delete/del, dir, erase, rename/ren, debug, pause, rem diskcopy, format, link, mode, command time, type edlin sys

1 19 .182 2 19 2 83

Command

exe2bin break, chdir/cd, cls, ctty, exit, mkdir/md, path, prompt, rmdir/rd, set, ver, verify, vol

echo, for, goto, if, shift

assign, backup, fc, find, graphics, more, recover, restore, sort, fdisk print tree attrib, graftabl, keybda, label, share select join, subst

85 19 3.2 86 19 3.3 chcp 87 19 4 88

call

replace, xcopy

append

keyb, nlsfunc

fastopen

mem

19 5 91

expand, loadfix, mirror, setver, undelete, unformat

doskey

shellc, dosshell edit, help, qbasic

dblspace, defrag, msav, msd vsafe * a TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) program loads (resident) code into RAM memory - and terminates the loader part of the program. Redirection, Pipes and Filters 19 6 93

choice

deltree

Redirection Directing output ( > ) from a program to a specific file or device (different from the 'standard output' device: the screen). Directing input ( < ) to a program from a specific file or device (different from the 'standard input' device: the keyboard). Pipe A data-channel ( | ) in RAM that takes output from a program and feeds the data as input to another program. Filter A program that accepts input data - does something to the data - and delivers output data. Both input and output may be redirected or piped. DOS filters: find, more, sort Examples: dir > list.txt

redirect output from dir to the file list.txt - if the file does not exist, it is created - if the file exists, it is overwritten. dir >> list.txt redirect and append output from dir to the file list.txt - if the file does not exist, it is created - if the file exists, output is appended to end of file. sort < names.txt > list.txt use the file names.txt as input to sort - output from sort is sent to the file list.txt. dir | sort pipe output from dir to sort - output from sort is sent to standard output: the screen. dir | sort > c:\temp\list.txt - output from sort is sent to the file c:\temp\list.txt. dir | sort | more - output from sort is piped to more - more (a filter) delivers output one screenfull at a time. Redirection and pipes may be used in batch files.

INTERNAL COMMAND(in COMMAND.COM) BREAK, CALL, CD, CHCP, CHDIR, CLS, COPY, CTTY, DATE, DEL, DIR, ECHO, ERASE, EXIT, FOR, GOTO, IF, MD, MKDIRr, PATH, PAUSE, PROMPT, RD, REM, REN, RENAME, RMDIR, SET, SHIFT, TIME, TYPE, VER, VERIFY, VOL External Commands: (.COM and .EXE programs) APPEND, ASSIGN, ATTRIB, BACKUP, CHKDSK, COMMAND, COMP, DEBUG, DEFRAG, DISKCOMP, DISKCOPY, DOSSHELL, EDIT, EDLIN, EXE2BIN, FASTOPEN, FC, FDISK, FIND, FORMAT, GRAFTABL, GRAPHICS, HELP, JOIN, KEYB, LABEL, LINK, MEM, MODE, MORE, MSD, NLSFUNC, PRINT, QBASIC, RECOVER, REPLACE, RESTORE, SELECT, SHARE, SORT, SUBST, SYS, TREE, XCOPY >External Commands / DOS version