Dna 1

DNA 1 1. In the early years of the 20th century, the following was known: (a) the chromosomes of Eukaryotes were made up of Protein and DNA and (b) chromosomes seemed to be the cell structures that controlled heredity. The question for these early biologists was: was the protein portion the genetic material, was it the DNA, or was it a team effort. Most scientists hypothesized that it was the protein that was the important genetic material. Why did most scientists believe that it was the protein portion and not the DNA? 2. What is bacterial transformation? 3. Griffith was never able to determine what part of the S bacteria transformed the R type, BUT his hypothesis was that it was the DNA. Why did he feel it was the DNA or how/why was he able to rule out the protein? 4. How did Oswald Avery et al continue the research started by Griffith? 5. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase found a second type of evidence that suggested that DNA was heredity material. The describe transduction. What is transduction? 6. How does the structure of a virus compare to the structure of a chromosome? 7. Erwin Chargaff was an able biochemist of the time and isolated and analyzed the DNA of a number of organisms. His findings put severe limitations on proposed ideas of the structure of DNA. What did he find? 8. Two young whippersnappers uncovered the structure of DNA. James Watson and Alfred Crick came up with the proposed structure. How did they account for what became known as Chargaff's Rule? How did Rosalind Franklin help the young Watson and Crick? 9. What is a nucleotide? 10. The entire molecule has been described as a double helix and anti-parallel. What do we mean by double helix? What does anti parallel mean?