Digital Counting Circuits 1
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*04 Electronics (160-187).qxd
2/2/07
12:24 pm
Page 178
Counting circuits 2 Key words battery binary code bistable clocked logic
light-dependent resistor (LDR)
1 Switching machine off for 5 s in every 20 s + a
Reset
1 Switching machine off for 5 s in every 20s binary counter and timed bistables provide an output of 0 for 15 out of every 20 second period. This is inverted by the NOT gate which activates the relay, turning the motor on. ● For the remaining 5 seconds the output is 1. This is inverted by the NOT gate and thus deactivates the relay turning the motor off.
S
A B C D
S
Q
Clock
Q
R
c
b
a 1 Hz clock input b driver c relay
● The
M
2 Reversing action of food mixer every 5 s d
Reset
A B C D
+
Q
S
+
Clock
M Q
R
2 Reversing action of food mixer every 5 s
d 1 Hz clock input
● This
type of circuit is sometimes used in food mixers. Activating the relay does not turn the motor on or off, but reverses the direction of the current and thus the direction in which the motor rotates.
Q
Clock
Q
R
+
+
3 Flashing a lamp
+
e
e 1 Hz clock input
A B Clock C D Reset
3
3 Flashing a lamp ● The
output from a binary counter can be used to turn a lamp on and off a given number of times. When the switch is turned on in this circuit the lamp flashes 6 times.
4 Automatic light buoy ● Flashing
lamps have many possible applications including providing warnings such as buoys which mark the position of an underwater hazard. The circuit can be modified using an LDR so that the light only flashes when it is dark which preserves the battery.
4 Automatic light buoy f
A B Clock C D Reset
(pull-up resistor not shown)
5 Batch counter
● Batches
© Diagram Visual Information Ltd.
g
Adaptation so that light only comes on at night
f 1 Hz clock input g to clock input
5 Batch counter of articles can be counted either by depressing switches manually or having an arrangement in which a switch is triggered each time an article passes a sensor.
1HZ
Light is on for one second
A B Clock C
A B C
D
D
Reset
h
Clock
i
Reset
Hold
j h number of articles in batch i number of batches l articles pass the LDR to operate clock (pull-up resistor not shown) k conveyer belt motor
Q
SS
Q
R
Q
M k
2/2/07
12:24 pm
Page 178
Counting circuits 2 Key words battery binary code bistable clocked logic
light-dependent resistor (LDR)
1 Switching machine off for 5 s in every 20 s + a
Reset
1 Switching machine off for 5 s in every 20s binary counter and timed bistables provide an output of 0 for 15 out of every 20 second period. This is inverted by the NOT gate which activates the relay, turning the motor on. ● For the remaining 5 seconds the output is 1. This is inverted by the NOT gate and thus deactivates the relay turning the motor off.
S
A B C D
S
Q
Clock
Q
R
c
b
a 1 Hz clock input b driver c relay
● The
M
2 Reversing action of food mixer every 5 s d
Reset
A B C D
+
Q
S
+
Clock
M Q
R
2 Reversing action of food mixer every 5 s
d 1 Hz clock input
● This
type of circuit is sometimes used in food mixers. Activating the relay does not turn the motor on or off, but reverses the direction of the current and thus the direction in which the motor rotates.
Q
Clock
Q
R
+
+
3 Flashing a lamp
+
e
e 1 Hz clock input
A B Clock C D Reset
3
3 Flashing a lamp ● The
output from a binary counter can be used to turn a lamp on and off a given number of times. When the switch is turned on in this circuit the lamp flashes 6 times.
4 Automatic light buoy ● Flashing
lamps have many possible applications including providing warnings such as buoys which mark the position of an underwater hazard. The circuit can be modified using an LDR so that the light only flashes when it is dark which preserves the battery.
4 Automatic light buoy f
A B Clock C D Reset
(pull-up resistor not shown)
5 Batch counter
● Batches
© Diagram Visual Information Ltd.
g
Adaptation so that light only comes on at night
f 1 Hz clock input g to clock input
5 Batch counter of articles can be counted either by depressing switches manually or having an arrangement in which a switch is triggered each time an article passes a sensor.
1HZ
Light is on for one second
A B Clock C
A B C
D
D
Reset
h
Clock
i
Reset
Hold
j h number of articles in batch i number of batches l articles pass the LDR to operate clock (pull-up resistor not shown) k conveyer belt motor
Q
SS
Q
R
Q
M k
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