Digestion And Metabolism( 6 Oct)

Digestion and Metabolism

Dr. Mohammad Akram CHM-203

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Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components, to a form that can be absorbed, for instance, by a blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism.

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Proteins  Protein

is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and, in some cases, sulfur. Protein is the only nutrient that contains nitrogen, a fact that makes it both essential and potentially toxic.  Amino acids building blocks constitute the larger molecular structures of protein.

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Different kind of proteins Working Proteins    

Enzymes Antibodies Transport Proteins Hormones

Structural Proteins   

Muscles, tendons, ligaments Skin, bones and teeth cores Hair and nail 4

Digestion of Proteins 1.

2.

Protein is used by the body to build and repair cells, to regulate a huge number of body functions. 50 percent of the dietary protein we consume each day goes into making enzymes..

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Continue 1.

4.

Enzymes are the specialized proteins that help to digest food. 2. Divide molecules to make new cells and other chemical substances. 3. Protein is also used to make neurotransmitters. Protein is also used in the creation of DNA and RNA. 6

Proteins are digested

 In

The Stomach, by enzymes called proteinases or proteases.

 In

The Small Intestine Digestion of proteins continues in the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine. Pancreas helps the process by secreting the pancreatic protease enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin.

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Extra Protein Calories In Diet If protein requirements are exceeded by protein intake, the surplus amino acids may be converted to glucose for energy use, or converted to fatty acids and stored as adipose tissue.

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Insufficient Protein In Diet If we eat insufficient protein the body may break down stored protein in the muscles and transport the amino acids to the more vital organs, as required.

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Understanding Terminology Metabolism In order to understand metabolism let us start with the following terminology; Anabolism-

It is the sum of all the reactions place for the synthesis of an organism.

Catabolism-

which take

The sum of all reactions which take for the decomposition of an organism

place

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Metabolism  It

refers to the sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions occurring in an organism;  Generally we use the term *metabolic* to refer to the sum of all chemical reactions within living organism.

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Synthesis of Proteins The liver is the central processing unit for protein synthesis, continually monitoring protein needs and synthesizing amino acids and proteins to satisfy a variety of needs.

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Metabolism of Proteins Experiments have established that body proteins are in a dynamic state, constantly being broken down and replaced. This is a rapid process in organs active in metabolism, such as liver, kidney, intestinal mucosa, and pancreas, much slower in skeletal muscles, and extremely slow in connective tissue elements and skin. 14

Thank you for your attention

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