Diesel Engine

DIESEL ENGINE ABDULLAH AÇMAZ

HISTORY OF DIESEL ENGINE 

This is known as the diesel cycle, after Rudolf Diesel, who invented it in 1892 and received the patent on February 23, 1893. Diesel intended the engine to use a variety of fuels including coal dust. He demonstrated it in the 1900 Exposition Universelle (World's Fair) using peanut oil (biodiesel). It was later refined and perfected by Charles F. Kettering

HOW DIESEL ENGINES WORK It is a compression ignition engine, in which the fuel is ignited by being suddenly exposed to the high temperature and pressure of a compressed gas containing oxygen (usually atmospheric air), rather than a separate source of ignition energy (such as a spark plug), as is the case in the gasoline engine.

TYPES OF DIESEL ENGINES 

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There are two classes of diesel engines: two-stroke and four-stroke. Most diesels generally use the four-stroke cycle, with some larger diesels operating on the twostroke cycle. The inline-6 is the most prolific in medium- to heavy-duty engines, though the V8 and straight-4 are also common.

Four-stroke cycle

Two-stroke cycle

Intake and compression

Fuel injection in diesel engines      

Mechanical and electronic injection Indirect injection Direct injection Distributor pump direct injection Common rail direct injection Unit direct injection

Fuel injection in diesel engines 

Injecting fuel directly into the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, instead of by way of a carburettor. It is the standard method used in diesel engines, and is now becoming standard for petrol engines. In the diesel engine, oil is injected into the hot compressed air at the top of the second piston stroke and explodes to drive the piston down on its power stroke. In the petrol engine, fuel is injected into the cylinder at the start of the first induction stroke of the four-stroke

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF DIESEL ENGINE 

DISADVANTAGES:

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Pressure 2 times higher so this needs strong design Noisy works since greater ıncreament of pressure Work of compression is higher and results shaking working and needs higher starter power In cold weather and high alttitude late working Diesel injections much expensive than carburettor Needs higher air fuel ratio and requirement more air wrt power output and fuel consuming

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ADVANTAGES: Change of fuel quality there ıs no big problems which working safety and reliability.even small water droplets ın the fuel,occurs no problem Diesel,keresone not include lead,cleaning materials which is toxic materials Lower fire dangerous since low exhaust temperature and high sparkling point Highest efficieny in the heat machines ın addition highest efficiency means least carbon dioxide.

Fuel and fluid characteristics 

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diesel fuel derived from crude oil is most common Good-quality diesel fuel can be synthesised from vegetable oil and alcohol . Biodiesel is growing in popularity since it can frequently be used in unmodified engines, though production remains limited.

PROPERTIES OF PETRODIESEL   

oil, or oil with higher viscosity higher flash point high octane rating

BIODIESEL  

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Biodiesel Biodiesel can be obtained from vegetable oil (vegidiesel / vegifuel), or animal fats (bio-lipids, using transesterification ). Biodiesel is a non-fossil fuel alternative to petrodiesel. It can also be mixed with petrodiesel in any amount in modern engines, though when first using it , the solvent properties of the fuel tend to disolve accumulated deposits and can clog fuel filters. Biodiesel has a lower gel point than petrodiesel, but is comparable to diesel #2. This can be overcome by using a Chemically, most biodiesel consists of alkyl (usually methyl) esters instead of the alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons of petroleum derived diesel. However, biodiesel has combustion properties very similar to petrodiesel, including combustion energy and cetane ratings. Paraffin biodiesel also exists. Due to the purity of the source, it has a higher quality than

Production Steps of Biodiesel

THE MOST POWERFUL DIESEL ENGINE IN THE WORLD 

 Some facts on the 14 cylinder version:Total engine weight:2300 tons  (The crankshaft alone weighs 300 tons.) Length:89 feet Height:44 feet Maximum power:108,920 hp at 102 rpm  Maximum torque:5,608,312 lb/ft at 102rpm