Die

By: Alyanna Ysabel U. Gonzales Jonathan B. San Juan

Background Definition Significance of the Study Review of Existing Studies and Literature Analysis and Discussion Conclusions and Recommendations Sources

Alcohol Fermentation with Yeast Glucose as yeast’s source of Carbon Reproduction, Growth, and Scarcity Die-off

Die-off is : A sudden sharp decline of a population of

animals or plants that is not caused directly by human activity. (Merriam-Webster) : The elimination of species, population, or

community of plants or animals as a result of natural causes. (Dictionary.com)

Not just yeast Extinction and endangerment of species Awareness and protection of biodiversity Effects on humans and prevention of die-off

Die-off as seen in wildlife and natural habitats  Bees Colony Collapse Disorder Effects on crop growers and beekeepers Causes  Pesticide Contamination  Unknown Pathogenic Disease  Poisoning

Discovery of Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus Continual Loss Germany

Die-off as seen in wildlife and natural habitats  Fish Ebola-like virus Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS)

 Bats Over 10,000 bats dead  including endangered Indiana bats

White Nose Syndrome  foaming muzzles  abnormal flying habits in winter causing starvation

History/Mystery of Easter Island  Abundant Paradise  Population increased Interest in erecting stone statues  Became a clan war

 Deforestation  Resource Depletion  Starvation  Die-off

General Causes of Die-off  Viruses, epidemics, and other sicknesses  Lack of sustaining resources  Predation  Sudden climate change  Asteroid collision  Volcanism  Etc

Importance of Biodiversity  “range of organisms present in a particular

ecological community or system.”  Imperfect competition  Changes in the balance of the global food web  Chaos Theory (Butterfly Effect) Small things can cause significant phenomena

Human die-off and the Peak Oil Theory  Economics – “efficient use of scarce resources”  Thermodynamics Nothing can create nor destroy energy Energy becomes useless in the form of heat

 Oil becoming a sink Main resource no longer a resource Alternatives cannot support massive population Die-off

Large scale die-off: Is it possible? Easter Island as warning Downside of industrialization Resource depletion Life after die-off  Survival

Simple living is the key

sudden decline of population caused by natural occurrences like viruses

and excessive predation of other organisms human actions also contribute to the disruption of biodiversity Unavoidable but can be delayed Solution: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

 "Die-off." The American Heritage® Science Dictionary. Houghton

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Mifflin Company. Accessed 01 July 2008. < http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/die-off> Penn State. "Honey Bee Losses Continue To Rise In U.S.” ScienceDaily. 26 May 2008. Accessed 2 July 2008 Penn State/College of Agricultural Sciences. "Honey Bee Die-off Alarms Beekeepers, Crop Growers and Researchers." ScienceDaily. 23 April 2007. Accessed 2 July 2008. < http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2007/04/070422190612.htm> Jared Diamond. “Easter’s End.” Discover Magazine. 1 August 1995. Accessed 28 June 2008. “Die off.” Die off – a population crash resource page. Accessed 26 June 2008 “What are yeasts?” Saccharomyces Genome Database. Accessed 26 June 2008 < http://www.yeastgenome.org/VL-what_are_yeast.html> Brian Mann. “Northeast Bat Die-off Mirrors Honeybee Collapse.” National Public Radio. 19 February 2008. Accessed 26 June 2008. < http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=19174588>