Describe The Function Of Dna And Rna.docx

1. Describe the function of DNA and RNA -Genetic replication -Transcription -Translation Genetic replication DNA to DNA. Transcription DNA to RNA. Translation RNA to protein.

2. Describe the characteristic of DNA and RNA

Structural Name Functions

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNA Ribonucleic Acid

Medium of long-term storage and transmission of genetic information

-Transfer the genetic code needed for the creation of proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome. -This process prevents the DNA from having to leave the nucleus, so it stays safe. -Without RNA. Proteins could never be made

Structure

-double stranded molecule

-single stranded molecule

- long chain of nucleotides

-shorter chain of nucleotide

-Long polymer with a deoxyribose and phosphate backbones

-Shorter polymer with a ribose and phosphate backbone

-4 different bases: Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (AGCT)

-4 different bases: Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil (AGCU)

Base Pairing

A-T (Adenine-Thymine) G-C (Guanine-Cytosine)

A-U (Adenine-Uracil) G-C (Guanine-Cytosine)

Stability

-Deoxyribose sugar in DNA is less reactive because of C-H bonds

-Ribose sugar more reactive because of C-OH (hydroxyl) bonds.

-Stable in alkaline conditions

-Not stable in alkailine conditions

-DNA has smaller groove where the damaging enzyme can attach which makes it harder for the enzyme to attack DNA

-RNA has larger grooves which makes it easier to be attacked by the enzymes

-The helix geometry of DNA is of B-form

-The helix geometry of RNA is of A-form.

Bases/Sugars

Unique Traits

-DNA is completely protected by the body i.e the body destroys enzyme that cleave DNA -DNA can be damaged by exposure to Ultra-violet rays.

-RNA strands are continually made, broken down and reused -RNA is more resistant to damage by Ultra-Violet rays

3. Explain the process of mutation in term of nucleic acid

4. Explain the differentiation of specialized cells and tissue cells

5. Relate the inheritance of genetic traits to the behaviour of chromosome in meiois

6. Summarize the concept of homologus chromosome and genes

7. Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes

8. Relate genotype to phenotype in term of dominance and recessive

9. Describe the inheritance of sex

10. Summarized the characteristic of selected -Gene diseases -Chromosal disorder