Densities Of Oil Products

Energy Statistics Working Group Meeting IEA, Paris, France 16-17 November 2004

Special Issue Paper 9 Densities of Oil Products Mieke Reece

Issue: There is a need for a review of the average densities of oil products in the OECD countries.

Background: Why do we need the information on the average densities of oil products? Density is defined as mass per unit volume i.e. metric ton per barrel. The oil industry in different parts of the world uses different units of measurements. For example, in Europe, the metric ton (a mass unit) is generally accepted as the unit of measurement, while in North America, volume units are used, e.g. barrels in the United States and cubic metres in Canada. When compiling a world oil balance, it is necessary to use a common unit, either a volume unit or a unit of mass. Depending on the choice of the unit, this means that data originally reported in one type of unit need to be converted into the common standard. The international oil industry is generally using “barrels” as their accepted standard. Barrels are a measurement of volume, and therefore any data for countries which is in mass unit will need to be converted to volume. Moreover the mass to volume conversion differs from product to product and may be differing from country to country. As an example, the density of crude oil can easily vary from 0.125 (8 barrel per ton) to 0.152 (6.6 barrel per ton), whereas oil products can vary between 0.086 (LPG) to 0.150 (fuel oil). The joint Eurostat, IEA/OECD, UNECE questionnaires collect data in metric tons or mass, while the IEA’s Oil Market Report is presenting data in barrels. We therefore need to convert all the oil information from metric tons to barrels. In order to obtain an accurate world oil balance in volume and to limit the statistical error, it is essential that each product in each country is converted at the appropriate factor. Why do we need to review this periodically? Densities do not remain constant over time. Little by little they change, as on the one hand, in the supply of crude oil, the density becomes higher, on the other hand, in the consuming sectors new and improved technologies, as well as the increasing complexity of the oil products result in the use of higher density oil products. As a consequence, it is necessary to carry out a survey to evaluate the situation, the last survey was carried out in 1993, or some 10 year ago. It therefore seemed timely to conduct an update of this survey at the occasion of the 2004 ESWG. This survey was not intended to be carried out on a yearly basis, and will be renewed on an ad-hoc basis when necessary. Only results from OECD and EU countries were received. The results of the survey have been attached in Annex I. Many countries sent incomplete data, and eight countries (of which some important consumers and producers) did not report any densities at all. Unfortunately, therefore, the results of the survey so far cannot be completely conclusive, particularly as some values look inconsistent with the past values. However, we have still prepared the preliminary results for your review. We will continue to calculate weighted average densities for the three main regions: OECD North America, OECD Pacific, and Europe (including EU members which are not currently members of the 2

OECD). These regional averages will then be used to convert the Eurostat, OECD/IEA, UNECE oil data from metric tons to barrels, for example as shown in the IEA’s monthly Oil Market Report.

Proposal: We will continue to pursue the data from the countries which have not responded yet, and to extend the survey to UNECE Member countries which are not members of OECD and EU. Depending on the results from the UNECE countries, we will see if there is a need to add a fourth region.

3

Annex 1: Survey on Average Densities of Oil Products

Summary Findings of Density Survey Average

OECD North America Average

OECD Pacific Average

Europe Average

Average Density or Specific Gravity (g/cm3)

4

Crude Oil NGL Refinery Feedstocks Additives Other Hydrocarbons Refinery Gas Ethane LPG Naphtha Motor Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Other Kerosene Gas/diesel Oil Fuel Oil (including Bunker fuel) White Spirit Lubricants Bitumen Paraffin Waxes Petroleum Coke Other Products Bioethanol Biodiesel Biomethanol Biodimethylether Biooil

Refinery Intake Refinery Intake Refinery Intake Refinery Intake Refinery Intake Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Consumption Production Production Production Production Production

0.8505 0.6502 0.8115 0.7893 n.a. 0.6975 0.3113 0.5625 0.7180 0.7449 0.7172 0.7699 0.7970 0.8036 0.8397 0.9471 0.7699 0.8910 1.0132 0.8654 0.9654 0.8300 0.7935 0.8428 0.7912

0.8365 0.7246 0.8431 n.a n.a 0.8986 0.3656 0.5395 0.7498 0.7362 0.7079 0.7758 0.7976 0.8168 0.8516 0.9487 0.7374 0.8835 1.0375 0.7992 0.6383 0.8366 0.7922 n.a. 0.7912

0.8447 0.6343 0.8235 n.a. n.a. 0.8450 #DIV/0! 0.6913 0.7470 0.7403 0.7215 n.a. 0.7898 0.8007 0.8347 0.9308 0.7990 0.8920 1.0097 0.9137 0.9425 0.8950 0.7900 0.8770 n.a.

0.8525 0.6736 0.7886 0.7893 n.a 0.7687 0.3113 0.5644 0.7150 0.7454 0.7211 0.7732 0.7971 0.8043 0.8389 0.9471 0.7733 0.8886 1.0156 0.8669 0.9596 0.8315 0.7947 0.8820 0.7912

Wtd Average

OECD North America Average

Current Factors

OECD Pacific Average

Europe Average

Weighted Average Density (g/cm3)

0.8484 0.5882 0.8415 0.7887 n.a. 0.7935 0.3692 0.7741 0.7317 0.7380 0.7074 0.7906 0.7951 0.8118 0.8410 0.9332 0.7444 0.8899 1.0260 0.8170 0.9830 0.8140

0.8365 0.5736 0.8431 n.a n.a 0.8443 0.3698 0.5395 0.7561 0.7372 0.7069 0.7910 0.7937 0.8145 0.8450 0.9457 0.7374 0.8891 1.0378 0.7992 0.9668 0.7914

0.8504 0.7145 0.8680 n.a. n.a. 0.9534 n.a. 0.9521 0.7370 0.7370 0.6988 n.a. 0.7862 0.8139 0.8417 0.9035 0.7569 0.8928 1.0004 0.9805 0.9972 0.9681

0.8493 0.5163 0.8265 0.7887 n.a 0.2046 0.3628 0.5351 0.7058 0.7428 0.7169 0.7500 0.8017 0.8004 0.8372 0.9408 0.7707 0.8899 0.9993 0.8325 1.1891 0.8151

Average

OECD North America Average

OECD Pacific Average

Europe Average

OECD North America

OECD Pacific

OECD Europe

Derived Regional Conversion (bbl/ton)

7.41 10.69 7.47 7.98 n.a. 7.93 17.04 8.13 8.60 8.52 8.89 7.96 7.91 7.75 7.48 6.74 8.45 7.07 6.13 7.70 6.40 7.73 7.93 7.46 7.95

7.52 10.97 7.46 n.a. n.a 7.45 17.01 11.66 8.32 8.53 8.90 7.95 7.92 7.72 7.44 6.65 8.53 7.07 6.06 7.87 6.51 7.95 7.94 n.a. 7.95

7.40 8.80 7.25 n.a. n.a. 6.60 n.a. 6.61 8.53 8.53 9.00 n.a. 8.00 7.73 7.47 6.96 8.31 7.04 6.29 6.41 6.31 6.50 7.96 7.17 n.a.

7.41 12.18 7.61 7.98 n.a 30.74 17.34 11.76 8.91 8.47 8.77 8.39 7.85 7.86 7.51 6.69 8.16 7.07 6.29 7.55 5.29 7.72 7.91 7.13 7.95

7.37 10.3 7.46 14.8 8.3 7.45 16.85 11.6 8.5 8.53 8.9 8.25 7.93 7.74 7.46 6.66 8.46 7.09 6.08 7.85 5.5 8

7.37 8.85 7.4 7.5 7.4 6.99 16.85 11.6 8.5 8.53 8.9 8.25 7.93 7.74 7.46 6.66 8.46 7.09 6.08 7.85 5.5 8

7.37 10.3 7.4 7.5 7.4 8 16.85 11.6 8.9 8.45 8.9 8.25 7.88 7.88 7.46 6.45 8.46 7.09 6.08 7.85 5.5 8

Country-Specific Information country

AUSTRALIA

AUSTRIA

BELGIUM

CANADA

CZECH

DENMARK

FINLAND

0.888 0.8576

0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86

0.855

FRANCE

GERMANY

0.842

0.85

0.842

0.85

Average Density or Specific Gravity (g/cm3) Crude Oil Crude Oil Crude Oil Crude Oil NGL NGL NGL NGL Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Feedstocks Additives Additives Additives Additives Other Hydrocarbons Other Hydrocarbons Other Hydrocarbons Other Hydrocarbons Refinery Gas Refinery Gas Refinery Gas Refinery Gas Ethane Ethane Ethane Ethane LPG LPG LPG LPG Naphtha Naphtha Naphtha Naphtha Motor Gasoline Motor Gasoline Motor Gasoline Motor Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Other Kerosene Other Kerosene Other Kerosene Other Kerosene Gas/diesel Oil Gas/diesel Oil Gas/diesel Oil Gas/diesel Oil Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) White Spirit White Spirit White Spirit White Spirit Lubricants Lubricants Lubricants Lubricants

Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption

0.523 0.523

0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

0.935 0.794 0.916

0.867 0.889 0.89

0.725

0.6

0.725

0.6

0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34

0.53 0.51 0.556 0.54 0.724 0.66 0.724 0.757 0.74 0.731 0.74 0.735 0.648 0.708 0.648 0.672

0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58

0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54

0.784 0.87 0.788 0.82 0.523

0.83645 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54

0.8576

0.738 0.934

0.738 0.86 0.86 0.86

0.18

0.953

0.18

0.358

0.792 0.792 0.792 0.792 0.804 0.795 0.804 0.8 0.838 0.85 0.838 0.839 0.972 0.95 0.972 0.96 0.775 0.775 0.775 0.775 0.911 0.887 0.911 0.9

0.5395

0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53

0.739 0.749 0.749 0.751 0.749

0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.798 0.798 0.798 0.798 0.798 0.798 0.798 0.798 0.848 0.849 0.85 0.848 0.955 1.008 1.006 0.956 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

0.735

0.709

0.748 0.749 0.748 0.748 0.741

0.741

0.791 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.925 0.925 0.925 0.925 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

5

0.793

0.802

0.793 0.8

0.82

0.8 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.99

0.86

0.953

0.99 0.727

0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98

0.545

0.507 0.7

0.7

0.7

0.75

0.745

0.71

0.72

0.8

0.795

0.8

0.81

0.8 0.83

0.845

0.835

0.83 0.855

0.975

1

0.855

0.777

0.876

0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

0.8

0.9

country

GREECE

HUNGARY

ICELAND

IRELAND

ITALY

JAPAN

0.853

0.855 0.855

NETHLAND

NZ

NORWAY

Average Density or Specific Gravity (g/cm3) Crude Oil Crude Oil Crude Oil Crude Oil NGL NGL NGL NGL Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Feedstocks Additives Additives Additives Additives Other Hydrocarbons Other Hydrocarbons Other Hydrocarbons Other Hydrocarbons Refinery Gas Refinery Gas Refinery Gas Refinery Gas Ethane Ethane Ethane Ethane LPG LPG LPG LPG Naphtha Naphtha Naphtha Naphtha Motor Gasoline Motor Gasoline Motor Gasoline Motor Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Other Kerosene Other Kerosene Other Kerosene Other Kerosene Gas/diesel Oil Gas/diesel Oil Gas/diesel Oil Gas/diesel Oil Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) White Spirit White Spirit White Spirit White Spirit Lubricants Lubricants Lubricants Lubricants

Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption

0.867 0.862 0.862 0.86

0.863

0.902

0.745 0.78

0.731

0.901 0.796 0.79

0.745

0.731

0.792

0.84

0.806 0.863

0.853

0.859 0.859 0.859 0.859 0.665 0.665 0.665 0.665

0.855 0.715 0.715 0.715

0.836 0.836 0.836 0.541 0.541 0.541

0.965

0.75

0.965

0.359 0.359 0.579

0.576 0.732

0.552

0.728 0.745

0.711 0.755

0.738

0.748

0.755

0.7477

1 1 1 1 0.737 0.737 0.737 0.737 0.737 0.737 0.737 0.737 0.737

0.53

0.71736

0.737

0.556 0.53

0.872

0.75

0.755 0.755

0.534 0.534 0.534 0.534

0.71

0.749 0.749 0.749 0.749 0.7555 0.7555 0.7555 0.7555

0.74 0.74

0.71 0.71

0.77 0.797 0.81 0.799

0.79

0.81

0.8

0.81 0.81

0.8

0.827 0.848 0.833 0.986

0.842

0.848

0.994

0.955

0.925

0.846

0.925

0.798

0.9605

0.7834 0.7834 0.7834 0.7834 0.814 0.814 0.814 0.814 0.843 0.843 0.843 0.843 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.737

0.737 0.891 0.891 0.891 0.891

0.88

6

0.79

0.78

0.84

0.73

0.794 0.794 0.794 0.794 0.788 0.788 0.788 0.788 0.822 0.822 0.822 0.822 0.9325 0.9325 0.9325 0.9325 0.885 0.885 0.885 0.885 0.885 0.885 0.885 0.885

0.76 0.76

0.79 0.79

0.83 0.83

0.95 0.95

0.9 0.9

country

POLAND

PORTUGAL

SLOVAKIA

SWEDEN

SWITLAND

TURKEY

UK

0.822

0.9328 0.8597

0.822

0.86

0.834028 0.84674 0.834028 0.838926

USA

Average Density or Specific Gravity (g/cm3) Crude Oil Crude Oil Crude Oil Crude Oil NGL NGL NGL NGL Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Feedstocks Additives Additives Additives Additives Other Hydrocarbons Other Hydrocarbons Other Hydrocarbons Other Hydrocarbons Refinery Gas Refinery Gas Refinery Gas Refinery Gas Ethane Ethane Ethane Ethane LPG LPG LPG LPG Naphtha Naphtha Naphtha Naphtha Motor Gasoline Motor Gasoline Motor Gasoline Motor Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Aviation Gasoline Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Other Kerosene Other Kerosene Other Kerosene Other Kerosene Gas/diesel Oil Gas/diesel Oil Gas/diesel Oil Gas/diesel Oil Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) White Spirit White Spirit White Spirit White Spirit Lubricants Lubricants Lubricants Lubricants

Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Indigenous Production Imports Exports Refinery Intake Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption Refinery Output Imports Exports Consumption

0.81 0.8627 0.8627

0.87

0.86

0.8

0.481

0.5152

0.848 0.7

0.66

0.8431

0.869 0.75

0.775

0.75

0.671

0.92

0.8443

0.1

0.3663

0.531

0.53

0.75 0.775 0.75

0.749 0.749 0.749 0.749 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71

0.508

0.715

0.695

0.75

0.74

0.521 0.564 0.521 0.675 0.703 0.678 0.741 0.743 0.728 0.743

0.3732

0.562 0.563 0.562

0.506329

0.7477 0.7477 0.7566

0.723589

0.7606

0.734214

0.7374

0.71582

0.7067

0.7488 0.7566

0.714 0.71

0.72 0.7977

0.76 0.8075

0.8075

0.835 0.845 0.835 0.9225

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.835 0.835 0.835 0.835

0.7977

0.7606

0.8 0.799 0.81

0.9225

0.8

0.81

0.81

0.835

0.84

0.92

0.9

0.735

0.78

0.799 0.803 0.802 0.804 0.833 0.833 0.833 0.833 0.957

0.812348

0.7932

0.801282

0.8137

0.84246

0.8431

0.969932

0.9444

0.780031

0.7374

0.877963

0.8909

0.7965

0.7965 0.8372 0.8499 0.8346 0.8372 0.9687 0.9912 0.9689 0.9687

0.774 0.79 0.774 0.8883 0.8837

0.885

7

0.8883