Degrees Of Comparison
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THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES There are three degrees of comparison: POSITIVE degree, COMPARATIVE degree, SUPERLATIVE degree: POSITIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
cool
cooler
coolest
intelligent
more intelligent
most intelligent
01. COMPARATIVE OF EQUALITY AS .... AS (for positive comparisons), (NOT) SO .... AS (for negative comparisons). Her pronunciation is AS good AS yours. His pronunciation is NOT SO good AS yours. Note: We may say NOT AS .... AS, especially after a contracted form: Her pronunciation isn't AS good AS yours.
02. COMPARATIVE OF INFERIORITY LESS ..... THAN + the adjective. It is LESS cold today THAN it was yesterday. Kelly is LESS old THAN Sandra.
03. SUPERLATIVE OF INFERIORITY THE LEAST ....... OF (or IN) + the adjective. Sunday was THE LEAST cold day of the week. Christina is THE LEAST old girl in that class.
04. COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY a) Monosyllabic adjectives form their COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE by adding - ER and - EST to the POSITIVE degree. tallER THAN warmER THAN
THE tallEST THE warmEST
just right
MORE just THAN MORE right THAN
THE MOST just THE MOST right
real wrong
MORE real THAN MORE wrong THAN
THE MOST real THE MOST wrong
tall warm Exceptions:
b) Adjectives with more than two syllables form their COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE by putting MORE and THE MOST in front of the adjective. difficult important
MORE difficult THAN MORE important THAN
THE MOST difficult THE MOST important
c) Disyllabic (two syllables) adjectives form their COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE in two different ways: 1. Adjectives ending in ED, ING, RE, FUL, OUS and those with the stress on the first syllable usually take MORE and THE MOST: charming famous hopeful learned obscure
MORE charming THAN MORE famous THAN MORE hopeful THAN
THE MOST charming THE MOST famous THE MOST hopeful
MORE learned THAN
THE MOST learned
MORE obscure THAN
THE MOST obscure
2. Adjectives ending in ER, Y, LE, OW and those with the
stress on the second syllable add ER and EST to the POSITIVE degree. clever narrow
cleverER THAN narrowER THAN
THE cleverEST THE narrowEST
pretty polite simple
prettiER THAN politER THAN simplER THAN
THE prettiEST THE politEST THE simplEST
Note: Adjectives ending in SOME and the words cheerful, common, cruel, pleasant, quiet, civil may be compared by adding ER and EST or by MORE and MOST. pleasant
pleasantER THAN
THE pleasantEST
or pleasant
MORE pleasant THAN
THE MOST pleasant
05. ORTHOGRAPHIC NOTES a) Add R and ST to adjectives ending in E. large ripe
largeR THAN ripeR THAN
THE largeST THE ripeST
b) VOWEL SANDWICH (VOWEL + CONSONANT + VOWEL) (THE LAST VOWEL IS DOUBLED) big fat
bigGER THAN fatTER THAN
THE bigGEST THE fatTEST
NO SANDWICH (JUST THE SUFFIX) small sweet
smallER THAN sweetER THAN
THE smallEST THE sweetEST
c) Adjectives ending in - y preceded by a consonant, change Y into I before ER and EST. happIER THAN
THE happIEST
shY gaY
shYER THAN gaYER THAN
THE shYEST THE gaYEST
greY
greYER THAN
THE greYEST
good bad little
better than worse than less than
the best the worst the least
much many far
more than more than farther than
the most the most the farthest
far old
further than older than
the furthest the oldest
old
elder than
the eldest
happY Exceptions:
6. IRREGULAR COMPARISONS
NOTES: 1. FARTHER and FARTHEST generally refer to distance; FURTHER and FURTHEST also refer to distance but they may have the meaning of "additional". I live farther from here than you do. Give me further details. 2. OLDER and OLDEST refer to persons or things; ELDER and ELDEST can only be used for members of the same family: My elder sister is afraid of mice. My older friend is afraid of wasps. but ELDER can not be placed before THAN so OLDER is used: My sister is two years older than I am.
7. CONSTRUCTIONS WITH COMPARATIVES a) Gradual increase: Those exercises are getting EASIER AND EASIER. OR Those exercises are getting MORE AND MORE EASY. The weather is getting NICER AND NICER. OR The weather is getting MORE AND MORE NICE. The rent of our flat is getting MORE AND MORE EXPENSIVE.
B) Parallel increase: (THE + comparative ...... THE + comparative). THE MORE I see you THE MORE I want you. THE HOTTER, THE BETTER. THE MORE he studies, THE BETTER he becomes.
COMPARISON OF ADVERBS 1. COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE of SUPERIORITY. a) Monosyllabic adverbs from their comparative and superlative of superiority in the same way as monosyllabic adjectives. high soon fast
highER THAN
THE highEST
soonER THAN fastER THAN
THE soonEST THE fastEST
b) Adverbs of more than one syllable take MORE and MOST. quickly slowly seldom
MORE quickly THAN MORE slowly THAN MORE seldom THAN
THE MOST quickly THE MOST slowly THE MOST seldom
Exception: early
earliER THAN
THE earliEST
2. IRREGULAR COMPARISONS well badly
better than worse than
the best the worst
little much late
less than more than later than
the least the most the last
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
cool
cooler
coolest
intelligent
more intelligent
most intelligent
01. COMPARATIVE OF EQUALITY AS .... AS (for positive comparisons), (NOT) SO .... AS (for negative comparisons). Her pronunciation is AS good AS yours. His pronunciation is NOT SO good AS yours. Note: We may say NOT AS .... AS, especially after a contracted form: Her pronunciation isn't AS good AS yours.
02. COMPARATIVE OF INFERIORITY LESS ..... THAN + the adjective. It is LESS cold today THAN it was yesterday. Kelly is LESS old THAN Sandra.
03. SUPERLATIVE OF INFERIORITY THE LEAST ....... OF (or IN) + the adjective. Sunday was THE LEAST cold day of the week. Christina is THE LEAST old girl in that class.
04. COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY a) Monosyllabic adjectives form their COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE by adding - ER and - EST to the POSITIVE degree. tallER THAN warmER THAN
THE tallEST THE warmEST
just right
MORE just THAN MORE right THAN
THE MOST just THE MOST right
real wrong
MORE real THAN MORE wrong THAN
THE MOST real THE MOST wrong
tall warm Exceptions:
b) Adjectives with more than two syllables form their COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE by putting MORE and THE MOST in front of the adjective. difficult important
MORE difficult THAN MORE important THAN
THE MOST difficult THE MOST important
c) Disyllabic (two syllables) adjectives form their COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE in two different ways: 1. Adjectives ending in ED, ING, RE, FUL, OUS and those with the stress on the first syllable usually take MORE and THE MOST: charming famous hopeful learned obscure
MORE charming THAN MORE famous THAN MORE hopeful THAN
THE MOST charming THE MOST famous THE MOST hopeful
MORE learned THAN
THE MOST learned
MORE obscure THAN
THE MOST obscure
2. Adjectives ending in ER, Y, LE, OW and those with the
stress on the second syllable add ER and EST to the POSITIVE degree. clever narrow
cleverER THAN narrowER THAN
THE cleverEST THE narrowEST
pretty polite simple
prettiER THAN politER THAN simplER THAN
THE prettiEST THE politEST THE simplEST
Note: Adjectives ending in SOME and the words cheerful, common, cruel, pleasant, quiet, civil may be compared by adding ER and EST or by MORE and MOST. pleasant
pleasantER THAN
THE pleasantEST
or pleasant
MORE pleasant THAN
THE MOST pleasant
05. ORTHOGRAPHIC NOTES a) Add R and ST to adjectives ending in E. large ripe
largeR THAN ripeR THAN
THE largeST THE ripeST
b) VOWEL SANDWICH (VOWEL + CONSONANT + VOWEL) (THE LAST VOWEL IS DOUBLED) big fat
bigGER THAN fatTER THAN
THE bigGEST THE fatTEST
NO SANDWICH (JUST THE SUFFIX) small sweet
smallER THAN sweetER THAN
THE smallEST THE sweetEST
c) Adjectives ending in - y preceded by a consonant, change Y into I before ER and EST. happIER THAN
THE happIEST
shY gaY
shYER THAN gaYER THAN
THE shYEST THE gaYEST
greY
greYER THAN
THE greYEST
good bad little
better than worse than less than
the best the worst the least
much many far
more than more than farther than
the most the most the farthest
far old
further than older than
the furthest the oldest
old
elder than
the eldest
happY Exceptions:
6. IRREGULAR COMPARISONS
NOTES: 1. FARTHER and FARTHEST generally refer to distance; FURTHER and FURTHEST also refer to distance but they may have the meaning of "additional". I live farther from here than you do. Give me further details. 2. OLDER and OLDEST refer to persons or things; ELDER and ELDEST can only be used for members of the same family: My elder sister is afraid of mice. My older friend is afraid of wasps. but ELDER can not be placed before THAN so OLDER is used: My sister is two years older than I am.
7. CONSTRUCTIONS WITH COMPARATIVES a) Gradual increase: Those exercises are getting EASIER AND EASIER. OR Those exercises are getting MORE AND MORE EASY. The weather is getting NICER AND NICER. OR The weather is getting MORE AND MORE NICE. The rent of our flat is getting MORE AND MORE EXPENSIVE.
B) Parallel increase: (THE + comparative ...... THE + comparative). THE MORE I see you THE MORE I want you. THE HOTTER, THE BETTER. THE MORE he studies, THE BETTER he becomes.
COMPARISON OF ADVERBS 1. COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE of SUPERIORITY. a) Monosyllabic adverbs from their comparative and superlative of superiority in the same way as monosyllabic adjectives. high soon fast
highER THAN
THE highEST
soonER THAN fastER THAN
THE soonEST THE fastEST
b) Adverbs of more than one syllable take MORE and MOST. quickly slowly seldom
MORE quickly THAN MORE slowly THAN MORE seldom THAN
THE MOST quickly THE MOST slowly THE MOST seldom
Exception: early
earliER THAN
THE earliEST
2. IRREGULAR COMPARISONS well badly
better than worse than
the best the worst
little much late
less than more than later than
the least the most the last
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