Debate La Educacion En La Era Digital

Digital Nation Live Discussion: Education in the Digital Age

“La educación en la era digital”

Debate entre Mark Bauerlein, Marc Prensky, Debra Socia y Todd Oppenheimer 24 de junio 2009 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/digitalnation/extras/forum0624.html

Digital Nation: Good morning, and welcome to Digital Nation's live discussion about education and technology. 10:57

Marc Prensky: I'm here-Marc

10:57Digital Nation: We'll get started in a minute or two as our panelists join us 10:57Mark Bauerlein: I'm in--Mark B.

10:57Debra Socia: I'm here as well Deb 10:57Marc Prensky: Hi Mariana!

10:57Digital Nation: And there's Marc Prensky! Marc is the author of Don't Bother Me Mom -- I'm Learning. 10:58Digital Nation: Mark Bauerlein is a professor at Emory University and author of The Dumbest Generation.

10:59Marc Prensky: Now that's being respectful :-) 10:59Digital Nation: And Debra Socia is principal of the Lilla G. Frederick Pilot Middle School, a public school in Boston

11:00Digital Nation: Looks like Todd isn't here yet, but hopefully he'll join in shortly. 11:00[Comment From mariana affronti ] ´This discussion is only by chat or we can hear you...?

11:00Digital Nation: Hi Mariana, it's just text! 11:00Mark Bauerlein: True, Marc, not respectful, but provocative--which I've found on occasion works better with students than does the encouragement-support-inspiration approach.

11:00Digital Nation: Let's go ahead and get started! 11:01Marc Prensky: Students?, I assumed that the gneration you were talking about it was yours :-) !

11:01Digital Nation: Our first question comes from atmzeal: Distractions in the classroom have always existed going back to days where kids blew spit balls through straws. With cell phones, we also face the issue where it has evolved from a safety net with our 911 into a cheat tool, an sms tool, or a mini "black box" electronic gateway. I've seen small high school classrooms and large lecture halls become power struggles between professor and student. How will we face problems like cell phones or computer games which can distract not only the using student, but surrounding students as well? 11:02Debra Socia: Great question. We have to make the actual lessons far more interesting and engaging. We have to insist that students are on task. We can and should have high expectations which students will meet if we give them the opportunity.

11:02Mark Bauerlein: Indeed, the question is excellent. The difficulty with digital tools in classrooms is that while they provide miraculous access to information and resources, they also empower so many adolescent mores and expressions. How do teachers support the one and limit the other? 11:02Marc Prensky: Computers don't support the "lecture" or "tell-test" pedagogy at all. If you are sitting with your laptop during a lecture it's Facebook City for all of us!

11:03Marc Prensky: If on the other hand studet have something challenging to dso on their computers that realtres to the class... 11:03Debra Socia: My suggestion is that we change our thinking about what a lesson looks like. We should not assume that a lecture is an effective tool.

11:04Digital Nation: Another reader wrote, and this seems related, That history teacher in Growing Up Online said something that really stuck with me, that teachers have to also be entertainers to keep kids' attention. Do you feel that's true, and if so, is it a problem

we should be working to solve? 11:04Mark Bauerlein: Yes, the pedagogies will have to change with the new technologies, and finding ways to hold students' attention will become all the more crucial. But what if the kids, equipped with the latest tools, keep moving faster than the teachers, at least in terms of what they find relevant?

11:04Marc Prensky: Attributed to marshall Mcluhan: Anyone who makes a distiction between education and entertainment son't know the first thing about eiyther one! 11:05Debra Socia: As a 30 year educator, I have to say that I always felt i had to be "on" when I was teaching. That meant that I had to be engaging and interesting!

11:05Marc Prensky: Relevance is not the answe--make it REAL and students will be interestdd 11:06Digital Nation: Can you talk about ways that you've seen technology used in a classroom, either really successfully or really unsuccessfully?

11:06Marc Prensky: Hdelp kids affect and change the sworld while they are in your class! 11:06Digital Nation: More specifically?

11:06Mark Bauerlein: Agreed, and what too many teachers give up on, I think, is that The Aeneid, the Federalist Papers, Macbeth, and The House of Mirth are all deeply REAL, yesterday, today, and tomorrow. 11:07Debra Socia: We have used technology to read and listen to themselves as they learn English. A very effective tool. Students save their practice sessions and critique their efforts over time.

11:07[Comment From mariana affronti ] What does that say about all the information that our students recive, and have to contrast, filter, what do you say about "cut and copy" in students work? 11:07Marc Prensky: Sure. A lesson on Malaria. Kids link t Nothingbutnets.com, then make a movie urging others to do so

11:08Mark Bauerlein: Since I disallow laptops and cell phones in my classes, and stick to activities such as memorizing and reciting poems, I can't give examples. 11:08Debra Socia: Mariana, I would say that 35 years ago, when I was in college, I copied and quoted. It was just like cut and paste, but it sure took longer!

11:08Marc Prensky: Hamlet - How many versions of 2b or not 2b are there online? Which do you prefer? Why? 11:08[Comment From DignationFAN ] Semantically, there's a different between "entertainment" and "engagement"....

11:09Marc Prensky: Note to software makers--I hate thqt you can't hit enter to send 11:09Mark Bauerlein: Not sure, Marc, but an exercise in comparison/contrast using the Web would be great.

11:09Digital Nation: From RMY in Honolulu: Often times we draw attention to the learner and learner capability to be taught in the digital world (focusing on tech tools and gadgets - and not on experience and content), when the reality is that our educators are a key component to the success of the next generation. What should education institutions do to ensure teacher conversion from Digital "Refugees" to at least be Digital Immigrants if not New Natives themselves? 11:10Marc Prensky: Mark-Of course, that's just one of the things it allows us 2 do that we couln't do before

11:11Marc Prensky: We need to partner and each do what we do best. Kids crete with technology. Teachers evaluate, provide context, quality and rigor 11:11Debra Socia: At the Frederick, we have a whole series of learning opportunities. We differentiate the instruction, we make some of the sessions voluntary, others mandatory, we get students to help, we have teachers helping teachers.

11:11[Comment From mariana affronti ] yes, Debra, but for a lot of teachers "Copy/paste" is a problem, because students use it a lot, 11:11Mark Bauerlein: I think as more teachers who grew up with digital tools enter the classroom, the problem will diminish. But teachers groove habits over time, and it's a lot of work to re-tool. They need and deserve incentives (i.e., cash) to do so.

11:11Debra Socia: We make learning fun for the teachers as well as the students.

11:12Marc Prensky: BS Mark. Do doctors need incentives to keep up with the profession? Or any other professionals?

11:12Marc Prensky: It's expected. Why is it not for teachers? 11:12[Comment From UrEnglishTeacher ] If "cut/copy and paste" is a problem, the assignment needs to be changed.

11:12Debra Socia: We have not provided financial incentives, though we do give stipends to teachers who are teaching other teachers. 11:13Marc Prensky: Teachers who get into real discussionas and learning with their students have fun

11:13[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] I am a professor at Union county College in Cranford NJ. I listened to the interview of James Paul Gee who talks about using computers to play games ..since what we are trying to teach is problem solving not memorization of facts (content) 11:14Marc Prensky: Games can be a great learning tool -- if they are well constructed

11:14Mark Bauerlein: Fair enough, Marc, but with doctors you're looking at immediate incentives to keep up--that is, fears of litigation, pressure from peers, etc. With teachers, the impact is less immediate. Yes, teachers are expected to keep up, but they have so many other things to handle every day, keeping up with technology can be a secondary motive. 11:14Debra Socia: Maureen, I love your point. Our end goal is that students are educated, that they meet the expectations, that our objectives are met. We can and must use all the tools we have to get there.

11:14[Comment From Linda F ] I use the digital probe technology with either graphing calculators/computers, and find that it takes science education to a whole new level 11:14Debra Socia: Mark, I think that it becomes a priority for teachers when we make it a priority.

11:15Marc Prensky: I just don't buy that teachers are overloaded. They overload themselves, in many cases, by focusng on the wrong things, l(like preparing lectures, for example) 11:15Mark Bauerlein: Quick admission--I think memorization of facts is a crucial element of learning.

11:15[Comment From Linda F ] The trouble with teaching incentives is that they so often don't relate to what is useful in the classroom. Most PD activity is worthless

11:15[Comment From Gregg Festa ] Teachers do not see themselves are professionals because they are not treated as such which is why they do not expect to continually learn throughout their professional career. Schools have to get over the whole punch in and punch out culture in order to foster a more professionally curious culture for their faculty to thrive in (like Doctors)

11:15Marc Prensky: Fact are important. Memorizaton of them is not. 11:15[Comment From Joan B. ] To Mr. Baurlein: what can we change so that for teachers, there IS the incentive/ability to keep up

11:16[Comment From henrybuz ] memorization of facts can sink in better if it's fun, relevant, concrete. 11:16Debra Socia: We have to show folks that use of technology can save time, improve their efficacy, and allow for more creativity. Then teachers weill actively engage.

11:16Mark Bauerlein: Pay them to do so. I'm in higher ed, so I can't speak with authority about K-12, but from what I see among colleagues, if you don't align salary and working conditions with an activity, it won't much happen. 11:17Digital Nation: Speaking of memorizing facts, here's a question: Standardized testing seems like it is becoming increasingly less relevant to the real world, but students should be evaluated in some form or other. What are some ways we could be testing real knowledge -- problem-solving, comprehension, communication, etc -- instead of fact-memorization on a grand scale? Could we -- should we -- get rid of the SAT?

11:17[Comment From Linda F ] Stop rewarding "seat-time" in PD, and give teachers credit for learning technology, even if on their own 11:17Mark Bauerlein: Memorization of facts works best when the facts become part of a meaningful story or image. Make them atomic and they are forgotten.

11:17Debra Socia: on-line grade books, digital drop boxes, connections to web based learning tools...all are great ways to engage teachers. 11:18[Comment From Gregg Festa ] Incentives will only be yet another band aid on a broken system. Teachers know that they are going to

be rich when they decide to enter the profession. They are in it for other reasons.

11:18[Comment From Gregg Festa ] Their incentive is to see their students do well much like a Dr. likes to see his/her patients do well 11:18Marc Prensky: I think every teacheer should take the SAT and make their sores public. Then we'll see just how useful a test it is

11:19[Comment From UrEnglishTeacher ] If you need some facts, text message Google (466453), anywhere, any time. We'll still learn our multiplication facts though. 11:19Mark Bauerlein: A quick point about standardized testing. Many tests do involve real knowledge or "higher-order thinking" than just multiple choice selection. Many of the NAEP questions, in fact, ask for paragraph responses (which are graded as adequate or not).

11:19Debra Socia: I would love to see a new way of looking at success. Standardized testing so rarely identifies students who can solve real world problems that arise in the curent job market. 11:19[Comment From holly a ] some colleges have stopped using the SAT as a way of knowing if you get in. Wake forest for example

11:19[Comment From henrybuz ] Can teachers somehow collaborate with their students (who may know the technology better) to help them use the technology better, rather than feel they must do it all on their own? 11:19Mark Bauerlein: Agreed, Marc, have the teachers take the tests. Debra may recall what happened in New York (I believe) when some of the teachers' scores were made public.

11:20[Comment From Gregg Festa ] why do we continually try to fit technology into an already broken system expect that it will improve? 11:20[Comment From Dan N. ] I have a question for Ms. Socia... how have you seen technology impact the culture of your school?

11:20Marc Prensky: Making students memorize the multiplication tables is a mistake. If we cut out that, the long division algorithm and cursive handwieing we would have yreas in elementary school to teach problem solving and other things that are important today 11:20Debra Socia: Gregg, agreed, we need a new way of thinking about teaching. We should not be

using the technology to do the same old "stuff" we did before!

11:21Digital Nation: I'm curious about that too, Dan - Debra, can you describe a little how your school is using tech? 11:21[Comment From Gregg Festa ] Testing is an area where technology can make huge improvements. Instead of these drive by assessments, technology can observe student progress in real-time - we need people to innovate in this area to help drive the culture to individualized learning

11:21Debra Socia: Dan, we are far better communicators, much stronger educators, more able to engage parents, and we have seen the students' ability to creatively respond to a dilemma. 11:21Marc Prensky: Personal plug: I'm writing a "how to book for teachers on "Partnering with your Digital native Learners" Would love to hear good examples

11:21[Comment From Linda F ] The same with kids - the Carnegie unit measurement has to go. Let's have mastery learning. When they can prove that they understand the content, they get to move on. Scores on standardized tests are useful, but need to be put into context. 11:22Marc Prensky: You mean like their video games?

11:22Mark Bauerlein: The problem with regarding facts as simply something to retrieve from Google is that it denies facts any significance beyond information. Some facts, though, are deeply suffused with value and meaning, such as the opening sentence of the Gettysburg Address. Students shouldn't have to go to Google to remember it. 11:22[Comment From Linda F ] I do collaborate with students; they get points for what they do, over and above the expected. The incentive (and copious public praise) lead my students to work to be the uber-geeks.

11:22Marc Prensky: If you are level 60, everyone knows what yu know and can do 11:22Debra Socia: We use video, digital portfolios, blogging, on-line courses, email with parents, chatting between colleagues, on-line language learning, differentiated literacy tools...

11:23Marc Prensky: The opening snetence of the Gettysburg address is not a fact \ 11:23Debra Socia: Mark - why shouldn't it be OK to go to Google to get a fact or an openning line?

11:23Marc Prensky: But I do agree that that and other things are worth memorizing 11:23[Comment From Linda F ] Interactive systems are a START - I've used them, and they do give quick feedback, as well as focus attention for the entire quiz (poor students often "shut down" midway through a test/quiz)

11:23Marc Prensky: Becuase you can reflect on them. 11:24[Comment From Gregg Festa ] debra - all of those apps you are using can inform a larger system that measures individual student learning progress and inform the teacher and parent each day where the student needs to focus

11:24Mark Bauerlein: Because certain of these materials should be taken to heart. They rise to the level of being essential to an educated, informed adulthood. They are the raw materials of character and belief. 11:24Debra Socia: Absolutely, Gregg. We know where students are, what else they need to know, and how to better respond to their needs.

11:25[Comment From mariana affronti ] but mark P , some information we have to memorize... to make wisdom.. 11:25[Comment From Joan B. ] yes, but I find that the facts most students end up remembering are facts that they never were forced to memorize in the first place--facts that they picked up in the course of, say, writing a paper on Egyptian pyramids (or something)

11:25Marc Prensky: Yes Marc, but good people might disagree profoundly on what the important things are 11:25[Comment From UrEnglishTeacher ] Marc: What is worth memorizing? I never really learned ALL that multiplication stuff anyway, so . . . going ok so far. PS-40 Texas Teachers "listening" here right now

11:26[Comment From henrybuz ] Out of curiosity, are any of you using technology in the classroom to get students to collaborate on projects? If so, any examples? 11:26Marc Prensky: I agree with Mark that some important thoughts (not facts0 are worth knowing by heart--if you recall them and reflect on them periodically

11:26Mark Bauerlein: Indeed, Marc, and that's the difficulty in a multicultural society. Which cultural traditions are respected? Other nations, for instance, have no trouble laying out a set reading list for their language classes. Everybody in Italy must read Dante. We can't agree on any such core in English in the United States, not even Shakespeare. 11:27Marc Prensky: Nor should we

11:27Digital Nation: Let's turn to reading, another area where I know Marc and Mark differ... 11:27Debra Socia: We lots of collaboration - digital storytelling, peer to peer editing of written and oral work. Google docs make collaboration EASY

11:27Digital Nation: ANother question: Do you foresee a day when eReaders like Kindle replace textbooks in schools? 11:28Mark Bauerlein: The state of Massachusetts laid out a large recommended reading list for English a few years ago. Some like it, some hate it.

11:28Debra Socia: We don't have textbooks now. We do, however, have lots of novels. I do think Kindles are like to replace those! 11:28[Comment From Linda F ] Do students have to memorize all the dates of Amercan history? No. But, they do have to have a sense of which events follow others; that the War of 1812 followed the Revolutionary War, as well as the fact that the Constitution was ratified before 1812. Those facts help students put the flow of history into perspective.

11:28Mark Bauerlein: The Kindle is great, and it may ease some spinal problems for 7th-graders. 11:28Marc Prensky: I forsee the day when most informaton will be delivered in non-textual frm, and reading will be unnecessary, (as it already is for 80 percent of the population, who can get the info (e.g. news) in other ways

11:29[Comment From Gregg Festa ] re: critical information - information is evolutionary by definition. We need to teach hardcore fundamentals like reading and arithmetic at the primary grade level to mastery then unleash the literate students from grade 3 -12 on learning and making sense of the vast volumes of info they now have at their fingertips through project based learning with technology as a tool 11:29[Comment From Linda F ] However, the Kindle, right now, is fragile - I doubt it can take childish abuse.

11:29Mark Bauerlein: What, though, is the quality of the information they get, Marc? I think that reading a newspaper in paper form produces a more informed individual than readiing it in electronic form. 11:29Marc Prensky: Reading and writing is a temporary, inefficient disconnected (before the web) form of information storage and retrieval -- we will do better

11:30Debra Socia: We agree here at the Frederick - technology is a powerful tool in our teaching toolbox. Not the only tool! 11:30[Comment From Joan B ] ...reading will be unnecessary? Come on, Prensky. You still read, even if it's on a screen

11:30Marc Prensky: I'm old! 11:30Mark Bauerlein: So am I!

11:30Debra Socia: me too! 11:31[Comment From Gregg Festa ] I don't know if reading skils will be evolve out - but they will certainly be less important than media literacy skills in the future

11:31Marc Prensky: and there is a portion of the population that will read for a long time. But it may e worth the struggle to teach that particular form of literaqcy to everyone, when other forms are available not b 11:31Mark Bauerlein: Regarding information, I sometimes think that with knowledge so available to young people these days, they take being knowledgeable less seriously.

11:31Marc Prensky: it may not be worth the struggle 11:32[Comment From henrybuz ] Can you briefly elaborate on why reading the news in paper form is better than electronic?

11:32Marc Prensky: Fihe, teach them -- it's your job! 11:32Debra Socia: I suspect that our children will always be readers, but I think the manner in which they

receive the written word will differ.

11:33Marc Prensky: I*s hearing an ebook "reading"? if so I agree. But its' reading with our ears" 11:33[Comment From Steve J. ] Ms. Socia... has having more technology in your school impacted attendance? behavior issues?

11:33[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] you say" I think that reading a newspaper in paper form produces a more informed individual than readiing it in electronic form. " but that is YOU. Today's generation feel the same about reading online with its links and comments... 11:34Debra Socia: Steve J. - We have seen a huge decrease in student behavioral issues and have seen our attendance increase. In addition, students do not transfer out - we have the lowest transfer rate of any middle school in Boston.

11:34Marc Prensky: I went to an alrernative HS is Texas where dorpout can come back, wok individually at computers and get the credits they need to gradualte. Pretty full. 11:34[Comment From Gregg Festa ] Again, depends on your definition of reading - if reading is defined as consuming information then we are not teaching ALL of the skills students need

11:34Mark Bauerlein: Well, it's more a matter of disposition and habit. When you read the newspaper in paper form, it takes longer, you tend to look at headlines and stories more carefully, and you find a spot for a moment of reflection. You also spend a bit more time with things you aren't interested in. On the screen, readers tend to move quickly and cull their news in bits and pieces, attracted to things that they already care about. The screen, for most kids, is a customization, personalization tool. 11:34[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] It is the teacher's job to teach how to evaluate the information found on the internet or on paper for veracity

11:35Marc Prensky: Disagree- that's opinon, not fact 11:35Digital Nation: MrsLFox from Rock Hill asks, Who are likelier to be the main force in online education, private or public schools?

11:35[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] yes ...to teach what is opinion and what is fact.. 11:36Mark Bauerlein: I base the reading habits online vs. offline on excellent research conducted by

Jakob Nielsen.

11:36Marc Prensky: That's a pert of what needs to be done, but student can do it too 11:36Marc Prensky: I'm in general not a fan of his (I disagreed with almost eerything he said on interface design) but I'll check it out.

11:36[Comment From Gregg Festa ] this debate will be moot in a few years since we will not be able to put the genie back in the bottle 11:37[Comment From Guest ] what about the issue of financing technological updates in school? who can afford to keep up with this- is it even possible?

11:37Marc Prensky: How do you define "excellent research?" Most research is terrible. 11:37Marc Prensky: And, at least in scin ece, needs to be reproduced several times before we tke it as anythng but hypothesis

11:38[Comment From Guest ] What would be your recommendations of standards for "excellent research"? 11:38Marc Prensky: There is far too much jumpint to conclusins in education based on poor or little data. Very little talking and listening to students

11:38Mark Bauerlein: His studies seem well-designed except for occasional problems with small sample sizes. But his use of eye-tracking technology to study reading habits on the screen looks warranted and illuminating. 11:38Debra Socia: RE sustainability - if we stop purchasing the "stuff" we don't need (like paper, copiers, and texts), and as the cost of the computers goes down, we will more easily move the cost of the laptops into our general school budgets.

11:39[Comment From mariana affronti ] what do you think about the experiences in "Uruguay" and other countries about "1 PC kid"? 11:39Marc Prensky: Maybe. But who os verifying his conclusions. And ONLY small sample size?

11:39Digital Nation: Here's a related budget question - If you were the Secretary of Education and were suddenly granted an unlimited budget, what would you do to improve schools right now? What's the most important thing we should be looking at on the national level to improve education? 11:40Marc Prensky: Did neilson doing eye tracking on paper and compare? Or are u drawing these conclusions of one thing being better meshng his reasearch and your conjectures?

11:40Mark Bauerlein: A word about the techno-savvy of the young. In 20067 when ETS released the findings of its study of tech skills of high school and college students, it found that while they are adroit with lower-order skills of searching and retrieving, they floundered when it came time to do more complex things such as evaluate the material they retrieved. Their conclusion: "Few test takers demonstratedkey ICT skills." 11:41Debra Socia: RE budget, I think we must provide teachers with preparation to be teachers currently they are so engaged in content learning that they are not able to focus on the ART of teaching. This training must include the opportunity for teachers to deeply engage in understanding the use of technology in the classroom.

11:41[Comment From Gregg Festa ] unlimited budget --- hmm. shut down schools for a year - redesign from the ground up and start over - it is too broken to improve :) 11:41Marc Prensky: of course-these are not things you are born with--their teachers have been deficient in teaching these skills

11:42Mark Bauerlein: His work doesn't examine paper, so far as I know, Marc, but he did find that when people did encounter page-like sites, such as with pdf. files, they tended to print them up, then read them. 11:43Marc Prensky: Joel Klein patted himself on the back in HuffPost about the new iSchool (i've been there andI like it). But it's taken him seven years to get 100 kids out of 1.1 million a 21st century education!

11:43[Comment From Todd Oppenheimer ] I'm finally on -- sorry, as coincidence would have it, I was experiencing, uh, technical difficulties 11:44[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] give every child a computer and spend the $$$ teaching today's teacher to be coaches NOT "lecturer's" Per J Papert it needs to be ONE ($400 each) per child

11:44Mark Bauerlein: Yes, this is the question, Marc. Are the huge costs of technology in schools justified by the outcomes? 11:45Debra Socia: In my humble opinion, yes. The question is how do we measure success and what

are the outcomes we wish to see?

11:45Marc Prensky: They will be, if we use the technology in the right way. 11:45Mark Bauerlein: Question: How much does a music teacher in a school cost? And how much does a tech support specialist cost?

11:45Marc Prensky: It took business decades to figure out how to do this. 11:45Digital Nation: Trig Inkpen from Burlington, NC asks, How do you see MUVEs (multi-user virtual environments) benefiting student learning? Is this something that teachers should be focusing on or are they a waste of time?

11:45Debra Socia: And we can learn from them. 11:45Marc Prensky: The kids can be the tech support specialists

11:45[Comment From Guest ] Excellent point Debra...what are the outcomes we need to see. Are the ones we're using still in the 19th century? 11:46Digital Nation: I think Trig is asking about Second Life and similar.

11:46Mark Bauerlein: Also, we should ask about all the evaluations of big tech initiatves in schools that demonstrated some improvement in attitudes of students, but absolutely no impact on academic achievement? 11:46Debra Socia: We do have student tech support at the Frederick. It works VERY well. :)

11:46[Comment From Gregg Festa ] prohibitive costs cannot justify maintaining an education system that does not educate. 11:46Marc Prensky: May I recommend my "Five Meta-Skills for the 21st century" online at www.marcprensky.com/writing.

11:47[Comment From Gregg Festa ]

Mark - please define academic achievement? 11:47Debra Socia: What is the measure of academic achievement, Mark? Whether or not someone has memorized a formula that could be found quickly from google? Or is it the synthesis of a variety of data into a cogent argument?

11:48Todd Oppenheimer: Sorry to be late on this. Have any of you adequately looked at the great moment of opportunity we have now with today's economic troubles. That is, as the government, and schools in particular, face drastic cuts, this is a great moment to lose the stuff that is most expensive for the least bang (technology) and spend more for what counts: good teaching. 11:48Mark Bauerlein: One study by two University of Chicago economists examined the impact of E-Rate, the federal program of subsidies to schools for Internet access. Their conclusion: "the additional investments in technology generated by E-Rate had no immediate impact on measured student outcomes." The achievement such evaluations focus on is test scores.

11:48Marc Prensky: The main reason those technologies didn't increase achievement, IMHO, is that the teachers didn't change their pedagogy. Teachology doesn't support tell-test, except in the most trivial of ways (e.g. showing picytures and videos) 11:48Digital Nation: Weelcome Todd Oppenheimer! Todd has followed technology's role in education for many years and compiled the findings in his book The Flickering Mind, has managed to join us now.

11:49Mark Bauerlein: Could be, Marc, but then this adds a whole new layer of cost to implementation. 11:49Todd Oppenheimer: Glad someone mentioned e-rate, which has been an open invitation to the less ethical among the technology companies to basically swindle one school after another. It is government sanctioned robbery, and that's putting it politely.

11:50Marc Prensky: it doens't have to be costly -- we put in lot of stuff that becmes obsolete before it is ever used. 11:50Mark Bauerlein: Remember, too, that E-Rate is something paid by every person who has a phone, every month.

11:50Digital Nation: Ouch! Todd, I'm curious how you'd respond to an earlier question If you were the Secretary of Education and were suddenly granted an unlimited budget, what would you do to improve schools right now? What's the most important thing we should be looking at on the national level to improve education? 11:51[Comment From Gregg Festa ] Mark - one of the requirements of eRate is to have Internet blocking software on the server it pays for - limiting teachers and students access to sites like youtube - talk about a waste of money!

11:51Marc Prensky: if i were to equip a classroom, I'd suggest great WI-FI and a bunch of iTouches (say one for every 2 students. Cheap. 11:51[Comment From Joan B ] I've heard about that, Todd---it makes me very erate, so to speak

11:51Debra Socia: there are many netbooks and nettops that work very well in schools -- and cost as little as a good science text might cost. 11:51[Comment From Gregg Festa ] I have seen LCD projectors stacked in Principals closets for years because they were afraid the students would steal them - in effect - the principal stole them

11:51[Comment From Tom B. ] Having taught in schools without computers and now a school with technology, the contrast is like night and day. Technology has opened more of the world to my students, some of whom have never left their neighborhood, nevermind the country. 11:51Marc Prensky: Does anyone wathch the kids? it's about handhelds and clell phnes?

11:52Mark Bauerlein: Do you mean, Tom B., that without the computers the students were lost and benighted? 11:52Debra Socia: FYI, we have never had a student computer or LCD projector stolen by any of our staff or students! We are an inner city school with many neighborhood issues. Not a problem. Students are proud of their computers and take the responsbility quite seriously.

11:53Todd Oppenheimer: Thanks for the question. If I were secretary of ed, I'd invest first in much more robust teacher training. And I'd strike a bargain with the teacher's unions -- they only get this if they, in return, offer schools greater leeway (and union hands off) in getting rid of dead wood teachers, which are numerous. I'd then try to articulate the proper hierarchy of learning, beginning with real inquiries in the real world -- not on screen. 11:53[Comment From Gregg Festa ] yes Marc - I run an after-school program in a depressed urban area - no digital divide there - all of the kids (300 plus) have cell phones and are facebooking

11:53Marc Prensky: I try to make the distiction between verbs (problem solving, creative or critical thinking, communicating, presenting) and the tools or nouns that we use to do these things 11:53Marc Prensky: The verbs change very little, but the nous change rapidly

11:53Digital Nation: Another question on the use of gaming in schools from maxwell judd:

Ever since I first began playing video games as a child, I've been enthralled with the genre of adventure games like Myst. Here in America very few people make, or play, these games any longer. However there is still a sizable volume of titles that stream out of Europe and Asia. These adventure games often require patience and logic solving. So my question is this. Do these types of games promote a tendency towards problem solving and patience in real life situations and as a follow up, why do Americans seem to be so opposed to this genre? 11:54Marc Prensky: And our kids should be using the latest, best nous (tools)

11:54[Comment From Gregg Festa ] That's right Debra! They know a good thing when they see it! 11:54[Comment From Guest ] @Mark B: Is your class required?

11:54Digital Nation: Can you comment on using games for education? Should we be doing more of that, or are there dangers to look out for? 11:54Marc Prensky: Gaming in schools if fnally catching on -- but it's still not easy for a teacher to do

11:54[Comment From Guest ] WoW is an adventure game and plenty of students play that. 11:54Mark Bauerlein: Check out the film "Flunked" for good profile of renegade school principals who implemented innovative policies and got good results. And no, my class isn't required.

11:54Debra Socia: I think that games for education works just fine - as long as the anticipated outcomes match those we wish to see. 11:55Marc Prensky: Mostly we lack good curricular games, and g

11:55[Comment From Kevin ] Principal Socia... is this your school's website? www.lgfnet.org ... I particularly like the "LGF On Camera!" page. 11:55Marc Prensky: ood ways t integrate them into teaching

11:55Todd Oppenheimer: The best of these games (like Myst & the Journey of the Zoombeenies) do teach some great logic skills. The key is not to exaggerate or over-romanticize those skills. They are

only one small skill set, they are not worth sidelining other activities to make room for them. 11:55Debra Socia: Yes, it is! Thanks, Kevin.

11:55[Comment From asajohnson ] @Mark B: So, you don't have to teach the kids who don't want to learn your subject. 11:56Marc Prensky: Yucan use a game to teach any skill. Try me-I'll design one on the fly, right hre

11:56[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] teachers are so concerned about covering content - getting the students to learn facts - games teach problem-solving 11:56[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] they are doing ..they keep students focused

11:56Mark Bauerlein: It is a course that meets a general requirement, if they wish to use it that way, and many of the students in it are not English majors. Surprisingly, they often perform better than the humanities types. 11:56Todd Oppenheimer: Lots of things teach problem solving. Why not have them solve real problems?

11:56Debra Socia: And use the computer to do so! 11:57[Comment From TX Teacher ] Game for prime factorization . . . or do we need to know how to do that?

11:57Marc Prensky: Kids should be mastering the verbs and ,for the ontent, answering good guiding questions. They should be using the latest available tools to do so 11:57Digital Nation: Another question, from Brooklyn: What's the most important skill for kids to learn before college, in this generation and, say, the one following?

11:57Marc Prensky: Not just probem solving. Fighuring out the right thing to do. G 11:57Mark Bauerlein: Big question: WIth so many kids playing video games and doing other digital diversions that involve problem solving, why is it that problem solving skills for students in high school and college are so low?

11:57Debra Socia: Our students identify issues of social justice in our community, do research, and create presentations that are given to a "real" audience, like folks in the Boston Mayor's office. 11:58Marc Prensky: etting it done. Doing it with others. Doing it creatively. Continually improving

11:58[Comment From asajohnson ] @Mark B: However, you still have a choice to take your class. They probably pick-a-prof'ed it and know what to expect. It's hard to lay down the law and demand old school memorization and reading to kids who have never experienced that and it is not their learning style. 11:58[Comment From asajohnson ] IMO

11:58Marc Prensky: Befuase teachers son't help kids make the leap. 11:58Marc Prensky: Transfer, for most kids, is a skill that has to be taught.

11:58[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] the sage on the stage is gone ..schools must be about students being learners (games players ..2nd life??) creators, does"r - rather than "teaching quality" - a quote I like is "the less I teach, the moe they learn" 11:58Debra Socia: Collaboration, making connections, determining real vs fake, ability to use tools to solve problems.

11:59Marc Prensky: Realy, Mark, teachers should stop blaming the kids, and look in the mirror 11:59Mark Bauerlein: The reasons why students drop out in their first year of college (about 30 percent of them) are many. One, they have poor study skills, such as doing homework while watching television. Two, they don't study enough, not realizing the hours needed to do well. Three, they have skill deficiencies (note the rise in remediation). And four, they lack cultural literacy needed for the context of their liberal arts classes.

11:59Todd Oppenheimer: To Brooklyn: I wrote about this in my book ("The Flickering Mind") and in a recent Op-Ed (SF Chronicle, 12/08): the most important skills in today's global world are reasoning, history, writiing, work habits, math, and more broadly cultural anthropology. Just read the great business theorist Peter Drucker, who was no enemy of technology. He emphasized the same things. 11:59[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] collaboration works because the students become teachers...

12:00Marc Prensky: Four- their teachers have never integrated their intersts and passions intor their

teaching 12:00[Comment From asajohnson ] Kids now a day won't work in a factory or one job their entire life. They need versatile skills to sell themselves and be mini-entrepreneurs to "sell" themselves for the multiple jobs they will have.

12:00Mark Bauerlein: Agreed, Marc. 12:00[Comment From asajohnson ] To be adaptable.

12:00Todd Oppenheimer: collaboration also connects to a great teaching style that too often goes overlooked. It's called "constructivist" teaching. Bank Street Teachers College in NYC is probably its greatest practitioner 12:00Marc Prensky: Shal we end on agreement?

12:00Debra Socia: Mark, perhaps a 5th reason? Not all higher ed folks are comfortable teaching students using tools and methods that are exciting and engaging. 12:00Digital Nation: We have to wrap it up pretty shortly, but here's a question that came in that might provide some interesting background on our panellists: How many hours a week do you read for pleasure?

12:01Debra Socia: Honestly - I read 3 to 5 novels a week. At the same time, I am often reading a few non-fiction books about education and/or technology. I am a reader! 12:01Mark Bauerlein: Higher ed folks at research institutions, Debra, operate on two principles, one is inertia and two is "Don't bother me, I'm doing research."

12:01Todd Oppenheimer: Interesting story in today's NYT -- that even in today's job layoffs, companies are starving for properly trained specialty workers. It's not hard to figure out why: excellence and attention to real world detail have been on decline for decades. And not just in our schools 12:02[Comment From asajohnson ] Is there a written transcript for this? (I will READ it!) :)

12:02[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] 5) because the material is not relevant to their goal or at least they don't see it and6) because the teaching methods are not real world...no cell phones...not open book...no use of the internet...just go

to the library and read as well as 12:02Mark Bauerlein: I read about 12 hours a week for pleasure, these days mostly tough-guy mystery stories such as the Travis Magee series by John McDonald.

12:02Marc Prensky: At least 1hr/night Try to balance fiction (mostly science fictiona dnc lassics with current stuff 12:02[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] The reasons why students drop out in their first year of college (about 30 percent of them) are many. One, they have poor study skills, such as doing homework while watching television. Two, they don't study enough, not realizing the hours needed to do well. Three, they have skill deficiencies (note the rise in remediation). And four, they lack cultural literacy needed for the context of their liberal arts classes.

12:02[Comment From mariana affronti ] but looking for information or investigation in the web...is reading or not? 12:02Marc Prensky: I read Travis in the 70's!

12:02Todd Oppenheimer: Maureen -- great observation 12:03[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] " properly trained specialty workers. " do you do that by teaching facts or problem solving...of course problem solving

12:03[Comment From Joan B ] Or Five, they can't afford it any more (or find that higher education isn't worth working three jobs + classes) 12:03Todd Oppenheimer: Marianna -- that is ONE layer of investigation. One must go well beyond that, and today's computer culture completely forgets that.

12:03Marc Prensky: But mostly their not engaged, and don't have something they WANT to learn 12:03Marc Prensky: they're

12:04Marc Prensky: In the words of Will Wright: When someone wants to learn something you can't stop them!

12:04[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] you read books because you learned the pleasure of that as a child...today's teenagers and 20 are enjoying themselves when reading on the internet ...forcing them to read will not get them to remember what they read

12:05[Comment From mariana affronti ] yes, todd but for argentina´s teachers and educators it's difficult to think like that... 12:05Marc Prensky: I don't read books becuase it's pleasurable -- I wish there were and easier wy to get the same info

12:05Marc Prensky: and faster! 12:05Debra Socia: Our students read every day in school, out of school. You see students here walking down the hall with a novel open...computers and technology integration are not mutually exclusive activites.

12:05[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] they will remember what they learned by doing..following hyperlinks and finding information to solve problems' 12:05[Comment From henrybuz ] agreed

12:05Mark Bauerlein: Yes, if kids want to learn, they'll carry their ambitions beyond the classroom and make their leisure hours more intellectual. 12:06Marc Prensky: Nobody remembers the books they read, except in the most general way

12:06[Comment From Guest ] Kids read tons of things online, just not the standard novel. 12:06Marc Prensky: A great book: How to talk about books you haven't read

12:06Mark Bauerlein: Unless, Marc, those books hit them in a personal way, such as by identifying with a hero. 12:06[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] ahhh but it is that general knowledge that can be put to good use

12:07[Comment From Guest ] Probably kids are reading more because of rabbit-holing through Wikipedia and other news sources, than if they were limited to paper books. 12:07Marc Prensky: I'm not saying there's no impact--of course there is, but most of the details fade fast

12:07Debra Socia: We hope we are teaching children to read for pleasure AND to read for purpose. Online, in books, in newspapers... 12:08Mark Bauerlein: Another big question. Kids are, indeed, reading more than ever before. Why then, have 12-grade reading scores been flat since the early-70s and have slipped since the early 90s?

12:08Marc Prensky: Mark - Have you read Pierre Bayard's book (above?) 12:08[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] yess...personal way, such as by identifying ...again this is the need for each student to have his/her own computer and follow the stuff that interest them under the GENERAL guidance of a coach

12:08[Comment From Guest ] Do you concede that at least kids have more access to books and literature via technology as compared to lower-income kids who have no paper books at home? 12:08Mark Bauerlein: Yes, Marc, some of it, and it was a wicked (and witty) theme.

12:09[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] you can't teach to read for pleasure 12:09Debra Socia: BUT, we know that the ability to differentiate the levels, to provide non-fiction content, to engage more senses (sound, video) is important to the teaching of literacy to students who come to us with a very wide range of abilities.

12:09Mark Bauerlein: On book access, today in the U.S. we have more public libraries than ever before. 12:09[Comment From mariana affronti ] yes , Debra y like look at the world with another eyes, read in different formats...

12:10[Comment From mariana affronti ] in a world in movement the one that remains quiet backs down 12:10[Comment From asajohnson ] What do you have to say for the fact that engineering companies would require their engineers to do

calculations with computers or calculators rather than risk hand-work?

12:10Mark Bauerlein: But there are some things, Maureen, that kids must read whether they like them or not: the Bill of Rights, the Declaration of Independence, Huck Finn, etc. 12:10Todd Oppenheimer: Back to the queston of what a Secty of Ed should do, which I think is central. (After all, we could beat up on what technology misses all day.) It's just like any industry -- the basic infrastructure of schooling has been neglected. And NCLB didn't help, with its overemphasis, first, on testing; and second, on only two subjects: math and reading. The physical, experiential material needed for sophisticated inquiries in the real world -- test tubes and field trips and the like for the sciences; library skills for history and social studies; writing and discussion skills for the whole gamut -all of this has been buried under the demand for superficial numbers suggesting improved academics. We've got to get back to the basics -- or, what I call in my book "Enlightened Basics" -- how to think for oneself, how to fully investigate a problem, any problem, at whatever age; how to talk about it, and then write about it clearly and intelligently. How to know what you don't know, and then find out what's missing. That takes some equiipment but it mostly takes smart, motiivated teachers -- who will be paid properly, rewarded for their creativity -- and given the freedom to use their creativity -and will be penalized promptly when they fall short on these fronts.

12:11[Comment From asajohnson ] What are the demographics of library users? 12:11Marc Prensky: We are so stuck on reading, in an age where it is becoming less and less relevant and important to sucess. 20 years ago yu couln't success without i. Now i bet, at some level, you can, and even thrive. And in ur kid's liftimes, the shift will be even more dramatic.

12:11[Comment From Linda F ] Years ago, I turned off the TV in my home during the day. It wasn't turned on until my husband came home. My kids made their best academic progress during those years. 12:12Debra Socia: Yes, Linda, but the television is not interractive, does not allow for the creation of content, and does not allow for a "search" for that which is interesting to the user.

12:12Marc Prensky: But they know little about TV ,our most common cultural medium and thread 12:12[Comment From maureen Greenbaum ] I volunteer for www.ReachOutAndRead.org but I think it is Sisafian (sp) task to beings books back as the primary source of reading. But as a community college prof I am concerned with their distaste for reading anythng...which means theat if they can't watch a video they can't learn new stuff. So maybe the way to do it is to let them read things they enjoy in jr high and high school not Shakespear and Beawolf!

12:12Debra Socia: Computers do! 12:12[Comment From asajohnson ]

What do you have to say for the importance of differentiated education per the states?

12:12[Comment From asajohnson ] What kids need in New York might be different from those in Louisiana? 12:12Mark Bauerlein: What is a life, Marc, without reading? Think of what Frederick Douglass said about reading: it was the path out of slavery. Or what John Stuart Mill said about reading poetry: a medicine for his mind.

12:13[Comment From Matt Taylor ] Haha. Success without reading. You are dreaming. It will always be an under the radar form of communication. Why is text based chat (like this) successful? Reading will simply change to be more packetized. Smaller bursts from multiple sources. 12:13Digital Nation: This has been an amazing discussion! But I'm going to stop publishing questionsin the interest of letting our panel get on with their day.

12:13Marc Prensky: You're OK with "if they can't read they can't learn new stuff" but you're not OK with "if they can't watch a video they can't learn new stuff." Media prejudice! 12:13Debra Socia: I think we are moving toward national standards, Asa. According to Duncan, we are going to be there in a few years...along with a national test to go with the national standards.

12:14Marc Prensky: That's becuasde, in FD's day, there were no alternativs! Come on! Enter the 21st century 12:14Mark Bauerlein: Yes, the national standards movement is moving forward, led by the National Governor's Association.

12:14Todd Oppenheimer: I have to leave you all now, but I thank you. And I hope you will all at least glance at my book ("The Flickering Mind: Saving Education from the False Promise of Technology.") Ironically, although it was writtten in 2003 (then updated in paperback in 2004), its basic message remains nearly as relevant today as it was then. I say this for two reasons: 1. the education ship is still drifting in the horrible directions set by Clinton (too many computers) and Bush (too much NCLB); and 2. signs are that Obama and Arne Duncan are sympathetic and open to the smart ways of reversing this course. Good luck. Sounds like each of you are doing some very smart thinking. 12:14[Comment From mariana affronti ] our kids read all time, hipertext, books, etc, dont forget that

12:14Digital Nation: Any parting thoughts from any of our panelists before we sign

off? 12:15Todd Oppenheimer: Mine just sent. Many thanks!

12:15Marc Prensky: I will read it, but i sure disagree with your premises! 12:15[Comment From Cristina ] Hi there! I'm an EFL professor in Brazil and the situation of schooling infrastructure is not that different here from what you are describing...and what's worse! common tech gadgets like Ipods and stuff are expensive for our stds... even so, my stds tell me they download loads of books on pdf format and read them on their computer screens!

12:15Mark Bauerlein: An enjoyable back and forth, DN--many thanks to you and Marc, Debra, and Todd. 12:15Digital Nation: Todd, thanks for joining us!

12:15Marc Prensky: Thanks 12:15Debra Socia: I invite you to come visit LGF! We are a school where lots of interesting things are happening! Computers galore and lots of great teaching and learning. Right in the heart of Boston!

12:15[Comment From Matt Taylor ] Technology has been found to not necessarily improve learning. But just to help it stay engaging. 12:15Todd Oppenheimer: Marc -- my premises are more nuanced and balanced in the book than they were here. just fyi

12:16Digital Nation: And Mark, Marc, and Debra, this was fantastic. 12:16Marc Prensky: I'm sure they are -- but they are leading you to false conclusions that are bad for our kids!

12:16[Comment From mariana affronti ] clap, clap, clap, thanks to all of tou 12:17Todd Oppenheimer: Oh, Marc. Take a look at what's happening to our youth cultuer. what's really happening.

12:17[Comment From henrybuz ]

Yeah thanks! I hope we can do more of these in the future. 12:18Marc Prensky: I tak to thousand of kids. We dont listen to them, we don't respoect them.

12:18[Comment From Matt Taylor ] You can still shape the youth culture. You're not powerless. 12:18Marc Prensky: Let's focus on what they CAN do, and what they WANT to do.

12:18Todd Oppenheimer: yes, matt hit it right. who is in charge here? 12:18[Comment From mariana affronti ] evolution

12:18Marc Prensky: But what if they're right and we're not? 12:19Todd Oppenheimer: i have kids, so i don't say this out of ignorance. we respect them, we listen to them. but we are in charge of what's wrong and right.

12:19Marc Prensky: Sorry, but I think you're the South in the Civil War. I hope the North wins! 12:19Marc Prensky: But it's going to be a big fight!

12:20[Comment From Malinda ] Here's a view from the kids themselves: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kra_z9vMnHo 12:20Todd Oppenheimer: by all. good luck. it's been fun...

12:20[Comment From Cristina ] Hi Marc...I don't talk to that many kids... but I couldnt agree more! and speaking about what we CAN do, I guess we need to be humble and learn a bit from and with these kids 12:20Marc Prensky: Thanks Christina--I agree.

12:21[Comment From Matt Taylor ] Well, Marc, at least there's strength in overall diversity. Perhaps there will be an evolutionary need for kids with ADD -tendencies over those that can focus in the more said-to-be-outmoded ways. 12:21Digital Nation: Clearly we could extend this discussion all day - it's definitely interesting enough!

But unfortunately we're out of time.

12:22Digital Nation: I want to thank all of our panellists again for their insights, and to everyone who joined in the debate today. 12:22 Marc Prensky: K- Thanks. People can contact me online at [email protected]

12:22Digital Nation: And please feel free to discuss further on the Digital Nation site! 12:22Marc Prensky: l8r

12:22Digital Nation: There will also be a transcript of the discussion, so you can review anything you may have missed. 12:23