Csiro Flowerdale - Water

Integrated Water /Waste Water System

Water and wastewater Climate Adaptation National Research Flagship

Grace Tjandraatmadja 19 April 2009

Background to CSIRO research

Integration at household Rainwater

Washing machine, shower and bathroom consume 32% of water used in the home. Toilets consume 27%. Gardens typically 33%. Other uses 8%

Roof Runoff

Garden

Greywater Bathroom

Laundry

Supply, reuse and treatment

Technology

Kitchen

Septic Tank

Centralised &

Leachfield

Toilet

decentralised service integration and implications

overflow Sewer

Infrastructure

Modelling

Stormwater

Sustainable use

Greywater & Stormwater technologies • Greywater

• Stormwater

• Use less water: • Water efficient appliances • Low water use fittings

Greywater diverter

Pontos treatment

• Reuse: • Greywater (bathroom and laundry wastewater, not toilet) can be untreated used for irrigation in the garden • Only store untreated for maximum of 24h. • If treated can be used for toilet flushing/washing machine • Reduce impact on environment • use low phosphorus and low sodium detergents in laundry. (http://www.lanfaxlabs.com.au/laundry-detergents-brochure-2009.pdf)

Natural systems

• Treat wastewater before disposal

Aerated treatment

Wastewater Technologies

sandfilter

Considerations household level

• Wastewater • On site management • Water use reduction and/or on-site treatment

• Off-site management • Small package plants

• Additional challenges • Pathogen concentrations • Sludge removal or treatment

• Cluster collection and treatment • Gravity, vacuum, low pressure • Large range of technologies

Infrastructure Climate Topography Retrofit vs new built (consider current /future retrofit, e.g. if diverting greywater from bathroom)

Storage Site restrictions (roof area, lot size, occupancy) Maintenance: your involvement

• Recycling – effluent quality • Environment • Dispersion • Crop

Reliability of Existing Water Supply System

Township Scale Considerations

Rainwater Tank Performance 100%

Climate Topography

Volumetric Reliability (%)

90%

Site restrictions (lot size, occupancy, density)

80%

Indoor Only

Maintenance

Indoor & Garden

70%

Legislation Environmental impact/benefits (protection, reuse)

60%

Security of supply Upgrade potential Storage Public Health

50%

40%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Tank Volume (kL)

Av. failure days= 49

Occupancy: 2.5 people

The Currumbin Ecovillage • Summary • 110 ha, 144 residential allotments and Village Centre • Wastewater - A combination of centralised and on-site systems • Rainwater - household tank: 22.5 to 44-45kL tanks (incl. 5kL firefighting). • Other features : body corporate, rainwater tanks, solar water system, 3A or 4A rated appliances and the use of recycled water

Kinglake

• Other tools • Performance monitoring systems for each household mandated by the body corporate • An education centre has been built to provide continuing education in sustainable practices • Landscaping: 80% of the site as open-space • List of potential suppliers of technologies and services supplied to all householders

54 ha 66 properties 189 people 159 litres per capita per day

Establishing options

25

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Options, vary in cost, footprint, performance and complexity.

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Factors to consider when looking at integration • Include economic, environmental and social factors • • • • •

Occupancy and water use Climate Topography, soil Land use, lot size and density Other inter-relationships

•Trade-offs in design choices

Many options, solution unique for each community

Thank you Phone: +61 3 9252 6564 Email: [email protected] Web: www.csiro.au/org/ClimateAdaptationFlagship

Contact Us Phone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176 Email: [email protected] Web: www.csiro.au