Cs6v81 Personal Communications Systems

UT D

CS6V81 Personal Communications Systems

Lecture 7 Third Generation (3G) Systems 4

Information Technologies Convergence Mobility

Telecom Industry

Internet PC-LAN PC Desk-top computing

Infocom Industry

Computer Industry Mainframes Electronic publishing and entertainment

Media Industry

Multimedia data communications are the driving force for IT convergence

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1

Wireless Subscribers Worldwide (in millions) 1800 1600

Rest of World Asia Pacific North America European Union

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1995

Source: UMTS Forum

2000

2005

2010 Year 3

Wireless Data Service Usage Worldwide

4

2

Data support in 2G systems

PSTN

BSC

MSC BSC IWF

Packet Or IP-Network

Limitations of 2G Systems • Voice centric – – – –

Designed mainly for telephony application CircuitCircuit-switched High BER (Bit Error Rate) Low data bit rate (< 14.4kbps)

• Two many standards globally – GSM, NANA-TDMA, CDMA, PDC, PHS etc… etc….

• Isolated networks – MAP based – ISIS-41 based – Difficult to roam between these networks 6

3

Motivation for 3G • 1.7B wireless subscribers by 2010 projected – Exceed wireline access lines

• Increasing demand for highhigh-speed data services from anywhere – Exponential growth of Internet traffic

• Increasing interest in multimedia services for wireless • 2G systems do not work together (usually) – Many standards – Need to converge different regional and national 2G systems 7

Wireless Networks Evolution Present

• • • • • •

Narrowband Voice Low data rate CircuitCircuit-switched MultiMulti-standards Hierarchical, isolated networks

Future

• • • • • •

Wideband Multimedia High data rates PacketPacket-switched Harmonized standards Integrated Networks

4

Third Generation History • ITU started studies of 3G systems as Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications Systems (FPLMTS) • Changed to IMTIMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications for Year 2000) in 1997 • To evolve and converge 2nd generation systems to support wireless multimedia – Global commercial rollroll-outs planned for 20012001-2003 9

Third Generation Vision • Common spectrum worldwide – 19201920-1980 MHz and 21102110-2170 MHz

• Wide range of new services – –

• • • •

Data centric (e.g. Internet) and multimedia oriented Data bit rates up to 2 Mb/s

Seamless global roaming Improved security and performance Support a variety of terminal (from PDA to desktop) Intensive use of Intelligent Network (IN) technology 10

5

The 3G Environment Global Satellite

Suburban

Urban In- Building

Micro-Cell

Home-Cell

Macro-Cell

Pico-Cell

Multimedia Terminals

Global Inter-Network Roaming Seamless End-to-End Service

11

Multimedia Data Rate Requirements bps Video

1M

100 k

Internet/ Intranet Access

High Quality

Video

Medium Quality

Image Voice

10 k

1k

Text

Slow Scan/ Pictures

P.O.S./ Telemetry, SMS, E-mail 12

6

Coverage and Data Rate (bps)

RLL

2-3 GHz (High Bit-rates)

W-LAN (>5 GHz)

Flexibility
Variable Bit-rates & Packet (IP)

2M


Asymmetric Rates

384 K Cordless 64 K 10 K

Cellular/PCS++

IMT-2000

Cellular/PCS+ Cellular/PCS

MSS

Local

Wide Area

13

3G Systems Data Capabilities • Wideband “bit pipe” between communicating parties – Up to 384 kbps in wide areas – Up to 2 Mbps in limited areas

IP .

– Data (& voice) – RealReal-time & non realreal-time

..

• IP connectivity from end-to-end W ... WW IP ...

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7

Potential 3G Applications • Interactive news delivery (voice, video, ee-mail, graphics) • Voice/HighVoice/High-quality audio • Still photography • Video • Data transmission services • Internet gaming • Interactive audio • File transfer from intranet

• Voice/CD– Voice/CD–quality music • Multimedia ee-mail (graphics, voice, video) • Video conferencing • Web browser – OnOn-line services – Time schedules – Global Positioning Services/Geographical Information Systems 15

3G Spectrum Allocation 1850

1900

1950

2000

2050

2100

2150

2200

2250

2010 MHz

ITU Allocations

IMT 2000

IMT 2000 1885 MHz

Europe

GSM 1800

2025 MHz

UMTS

DECT

UMTS

MSS

MSS

1980 MHz

1880 MHz 1850 MHz WLL

China

2170 MHz

2110 MHz

IMT 2000

GSM 1800

2170 MHz

WLL

1885 MHz

MSS

IMT 2000

MSS

IMT 2000

MSS

1980 MHz

1885 MHz 1918 MHz

Japan Korea (w/o PHS)

PHS

MSS

IMT 2000

1895 MHz

North America

2160 MHz

PCS AA

1850

D

B

E F

C

1900

AA

D

B

1950

E F

C

Reserve

MSS

2000

2050

2100

M D S

2150

2200

2250

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8

2G to 3G Evolution

17

Who’s Who in 2G to 3G Evolution

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9

CDMA Data Evolution Cdma2000 3xRTT 1xRTT

Advanced 3G services up to 2 Mbps

Advanced multimedia up to 384 kbps

IS-95B ISDN to 64 kbps

19

CDMA • CDMA is leading second generation air interface systems in US and Korea • cdma2000 1xRTT (Radio Transmission Technology) – – – –

uses same carrier space as ISIS-95 cdmaOne (1.25MHz) pushed by Qualcomm data rates up to 307 kb/s 2.5G

• cdma2000 3xRTT – – –

competes directly with WW-CDMA Multi Carrier – uses three cdmaOne carrier spaces up to 2 Mbps 20

10

GSM Data Evolution Functionality

IMT-2000 WCDMA

GSM+

EDGE

GPRS 124-171K

HSCSD <115K

GSM IN Circuit Data <14.4K

SMS Speech

Time 21

GPRS General Packet Radio Services • A data networking technology – high speed mobile data (wireless Internet) services (up to 170 kbps - in theory) – using the GSM air interface – coco-exists with 2G systems such as GSM and ISIS136 • A stepping stone towards 3G systems for GSM and ISIS-136 networks (2.5G)

11

GPRS Overview GPRS provides mobile subscribers with ability to connect to Public Data Networks such as IP (the Internet) or X.25

IP GPRS Network X.25

GPRS Network Architecture

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12

GPRS Enhanced BSC The BSC is enhanced by a Packet Control Unit (PCU)

BSC

SGSN

GPRS Network

RAN

GPRS Network Architecture Two New Elements SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node

BSC

SGSN

GPRS

GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node GPRS

GGSN

Internet

13

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) • • • •

External interfaces ‘Traditional’ Gateway functionality Subscriber address publishing Routing

IP Network

GGSN X.25 Network

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Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) • • • • •

Encryption, Authentication, and IMEI check Mobility management Logical Link management toward the MS Billing Data IP Network Packet routing and transfer (relay) SGSN

GGSN X.25 Network 28

14

Backbone Network • Links GSN nodes • Standardized using IP SGSN

IP Network

GGSN X.25 Network

Backbone (IP) Network

29

GPRS Network Reference Model PSTN MSC/VLR HLR

A

Gs

Gr

Gb BSC

SGSN

Gci Gn

Gi GGSN

PDN

15

GPRS Protocol Stacks Application

Application

IP/X.25

IP/X.25 Relay

SNDCP SNDCP

SNDCP

LLC

LLC Relay

RLC

BSSGP

GTP

GTP

UDP/ TCP

UDP/ TCP

IP

IP

RLC

BSSGP

MAC

MAC

Network service

Network Service

L2

L2

Physical

Physical

L1bis

L1bis

L1

L1

MS

Um

BSS

Gb

SGNS

Gn

GGNS 31

Packet Routing in GPRS

32

16

GPRS Internet Connection

33

UMTS Network Architecture UTRAN RNS RNS Uu

NodeB NodeB I ub

MAP

SCP SCP INAP/CAP

HLR HLR

MAP

Mobility Management IN MAP

Iur

RNS RNS Iu

Radio Access Network

ISUP

3G MSC

GMSC GMSC

PSTN

GGSN GGSN

Internet

U-MSC GTP

3G SGSN

Core Network 3G Third Generation CAMEL Customized Applications for Mobile Networks Enhanced Logic CAP CAMEL Application Part GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node GTP GPRS Tunnel Protocol HLR Home Location Register INAP Intelligent Network Application Part

ISUP MAP MSC Node B RNC SCP SGSN U-MSC

ISDN User Part Mobile Application Part Mobile Switching Center Base Station Radio Network Controller Service Control Point Serving GPRS Support Node 34 UMTS Mobile Switching Centre

17

UMTS Protocol Stacks Application

E.g., IP, PPP, OSP

E.g., IP, PPP, OSP Relay

Relay

PDCP

PDCP

GTP-U

GTP-U

GTP-U

GTP-U

RLC

RLC

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

MAC

MAC

AAL5

AAL5

L2

L2

L1

ATM

ATM

L1

L1 Uu

MS

Iu-PS

UTRAN

L1 Gn

3G-SGSN

Gi

3G-GGSN 35

UMTS Market Introduction Plan • 20002000-2001 System Development Phase 1 • 2002 Commercial Use Phase 1 (Basic Services) – – – – –

High bit rate bearer services up to 2 Mbps Negotiated traffic and QoS characteristics Bursty and asymmetric traffic Integrated or standstand-alone 3G MSC & 3G SGSN MultiMulti-vendor environment

• Being delayed in Europe and in North America • Asia (Japan and Korea) is leading the world in this front • Japan‘ Japan‘s WCDMA and Korea‘ Korea‘s cdma2000 networks are deployed since Oct 2001 36

18

UMTS Evolution Circuit side

WCDMA UTRAN BS BS BS BS

MSC/VLR

Iub RNC

GMSC

(optional) HLR

RNCIur

Iu

WCDMA Mobile

PSTN/ISDN

SCP

3G-SGSN

Internet

GGSN Packet side (GPRS)

UMTS Release 1999 WCDMA/VoIP Mobile

WCDMA UTRAN BS BS BS BS

Iub

BS BS BS BS

Abis BSC

NEW !

RNC

CS Core

MSC/VLR

NEW !

GMSC

Iur RNC

IP Multimedia Core SCP

HLR

(optional)

IP transport option for SS7

BSC

EDGE (GSM) BSS

MGCF MGCF

3G-SGSN

Iu

SGW SGW

CSCF CSCF

GGSN

Enhanced PS Core

EDGE/VoIP Mobile

NEW !

PSTN/ ISDN

MGW MGW

Internet

UMTS Release 4/5

37

R5 System Level Architecture Application servers

SCP

HSS CAP

Gr+ MAP+

OSA

Service capability servers

WIN

IuIu-PS

3G RAN

SGSN GGSN

RAS

IPv6 AllAll-IP Core

SIP H.248 CSCF MGCF MRF

Call State Control Function Home Subscriber Server Media Gateway Control Function Media Gateway

ISUP

RSGW

WLAN, DSL, cable...

CSCF HSS MGCF MGW

PSTN

TSGW MGW

MRF RAS RSGW TSGW

MAP ISIS-41

Legacy Cellular

FW

Internet Multimedia Resource Function Remote Access Server (DSLAM, head end…) Roaming Signaling Gateway Transport Signaling Gate 38

19

UMTS Domain Definitions

39

Layered Approach for Control SCP

Legacy Mobile Signaling Networks

Service Layer

OSA, VHE, etc.

CSCF

Application Layer

RSGW CSCF External IP Networks

MGCF HSS MRF 3GTransport 3GSGSN Layer

3G3GGGSN

TSGW MGW

PSTN/ External CS Networks

RAS

3G RAN

WLAN, DSL, Cable, etc.

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20

New Function: QoS RNC

Different channel types (dedicated/common) 3G-SGSN

Node B Iu

AAL2 connections

External QoS mechanisms

DiffServ. on transport level IP Data Network (Internet)

PS Domain Gn Inter-PLMN 3G-GGSN Backbone Network Gn IP

Firewall

QoS infrastructure in R4 EndEnd-toto-End QoS is required in R5

41

Wireless Internet Application Protocols • Wireless systems have various constraints – Small terminal display – High bit error rate

• High-level protocols for Internet Access specifically for wireless systems are required • WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) • iMode 42

21

WAP Characteristics • Uses WML as page description language – Wireless Markup Language – Divides content into “cards” cards” equal to one telephone screen

• Simplified but incompatible form of HTML • Requests and responses are encoded/decoded before transmission over RF channels

43

WAP Operation Internet

Web Content Server

Non Mobile Internet User WAP Gateway Mobile Terminal

Mobile Network WAP simulator

Database Server

SOURCE: DANET

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22

WWW Programming Model

45

WAP Programming Model

46

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iMode • A service of NTT DoCoMo in Japan – ドコモ means “anywhere” anywhere” – More than 18 Millions user (Jan 2001), 50,000 new user every day

• Japan is the wireless Internet leader thank to iMode

SOURCE: EUROTECHNOLOGY JAPAN K.K.

47

iMode Characteristics • Use packet data on radio transport – Currently slow - 9.6 Kbps – 3G will raise to 384 K

• Uses cHTML (compact HTML) – – –

same rendering model as HTML no tables or frames low memory footprint

• Services: – telephony, SMS, email, location tracking – Internet browsing for banking and ticketing – Gaming

• More information on II-Mode: http://www.privateline.com/imode/imode.htm http://www.privateline.com/imode/imode.htm 48

24

iMode Operation iMode Servers

INFO PROVIDER

HTTP

INTERNET IP

BILLING DB

USER DB

DoCoMo Packet Network

PACKET DATA

(PDC(PDC-P)

IP

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