Crimping Cables
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CRIMPING CABLES Equipment required The following are the equipment required for crimping cables: 1) UTP cable 2) RJ-45 connector 3) Cable cutter 4) Crimping tool 5) Cable tester 1) UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cable: Most of the current twisted pair cables used in the networks are unshielded twisted pair . The main reason for UTP’s large-scale success is it’s use for telephone system. The cable specification for network based UTP cables is much higher than the specification used for telephone systems. You can lay a cable in every location in a building where you may need to use a telephone or a pc, as the cables support both the telephone system and pc network. The electrical Industries Association (EIA) has standardized the specification of UTP to Simplify its specification procedure and make it easily available for everyone. Category Highest frequency Capacity 1 Not specified
2) RJ-45 connector: RJ stands for Registered Jack . RJ-11 and RJ-45 connectors are used by twisted pair cabling. RJ-11 connectors have four contacts, which are used by two pair cabling while RJ-45 has eight contacts, which are used by four pair cable. RJ-11 connector is normally used for telephone systems while RJ-45 is generally used for data networks. Some of the proprietary networks use keyed RJ-45 connectors prevent improper use of the connectors. DB9 and IBMK data connectors are used with STP cabling for token ring networks, while DB15 connectors are used for Ethernet networks.
Crimping Procedure:
1)The correct type of cable must be selected and this must be stranded UTP for a patch cable. 2)A suitable length of cable is cut. 3)At least 2 cm of the cable sheath has to be stripped to expose the inner pairs. 4)Then the pair of cables has to be untwisted. 5) The colored wires should be placed in the correct order using the wiring diagram, according to the standered color coding or EIA/TIA standards. The inner wires should be cut such that they are exactly the same length and just long enough to reach the RJ45 connector, with the bridge positioned over the cable sheath. The connectors has to be positioned with the spring lever at the bottom. The wires are pushed into the connector such that the copper core should be visible from the end of the connector. The wires have to be checked to see if they are in the correct order. The RJ45 connector is pushed into the crimping tool and the handles are squeezed. The cables are checked to see if they are pierced and the bridge is over the cable sheath. The same procedure is repeated for the other end of the cable. The cable is tested using a cable tester.This is useful in identifying any crossed wires or those which do not make contact.
Wiring for a UTP patch cable The pairs of wires in UTP cable are colored so that you can identify the same wire at each end. Furthermore, they are usually color coded by pair so that pairs can also be identified from end to end. · Typical CAT5 UTP cables contain 4 pairs made up of a solid color and the same solid color striped onto a white background · The most common color scheme is the one that corresponds to the Electronic Industry Association/Telecommunications Industry Association’s Standard 568B. CRIMPING CABLES(continued) Fig .A The most common color scheme is the one that White / Orange Orange
>> >>
White / Orange Orange
White / Green >> White / Green Blue >> Blue White / Blue >> White / Blue Green >> Green White / Brown >> White / Brown Brown >> Brown Corresponds to the Electronic Industry Association or Telecommunications Industry Association’s Standard 568B. When the pairs are inserted into the RJ-45 plug the colors Should be as shown in the table alongside. Writing for UTP patch cable
CRIMPING CABLES Writing for a crossover cable Fig. B White / Orange Orange White / Green Blue White / Blue Green White / Brown Brown
>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>
White / Green Orange White / Orange Blue White / Blue Green White / Brown Brown
In order to make what is commonly referred to as a ‘Crossover’ cable one must change the pinout connections on ONE end of cable. If you do it on both ends of the cable you have Crossed over the crossover and now have a straightThrough cable, albeit a very non-standard one.
Writing for crossover cable
STRUCTURED WIRING SYSTEMS The computer network UTP is installed in the same manner as a telephone installation. The main components are as follow : A network card With a socket for an RJ45 (four pair) or RJ11 (two pair) connector. A patch cable with the appropriate connector is used to link the network card into a wall jack. This must be a stranded cable so that it is flexible. Since the attenuation of stranded cable is higher than solid cable, the length of this cable should not exceed 32 feet. · The cabling then passes into the wiring ducts as the back of the wall outlets and is routed to the main computer room. Solid core cables are used, as it is cheaper, has lower attenuation and repeated flexible is not required. · The cable is wired into the back of a patch panel in the computer room. · Lastly, a patch cable connects the port on the front of the patch panel to free port on the lab. Here again, stranded cable should be used with a maximum length of 32 feet. STRUCTURED WIRING SYSTEMS Wiring Techniques The wall outer and the patch panel have a punch down block for each port. The following steps have to be completed, to connect the wiring to a punch down block: As little sheath as possible (about 3cm) is removed and the pairs are untwisted only for a maximum distance of half an inch. Note that excessive untwisting will allow excessive crosstalk between Strands and may result in problems. The pairs are laid over the appropriate location on the punch down block and block a punch tool is used to simultaneously make connections and to cut
the strand to length. There are two formats in the punch down blocks – Krone and 110. Appropriate punch tools are required for different formats.
STRUCTURED WIRING SYSTEMS(continued) The Electrical Industries Association introduced the EIA 568 specification in 1991. This standard is called the ‘Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard’. This was the first non – proprietary networking scheme for network designers and has later been revised and updated, culminating in the latest version on the TIA/EIA 568A.
2) RJ-45 connector: RJ stands for Registered Jack . RJ-11 and RJ-45 connectors are used by twisted pair cabling. RJ-11 connectors have four contacts, which are used by two pair cabling while RJ-45 has eight contacts, which are used by four pair cable. RJ-11 connector is normally used for telephone systems while RJ-45 is generally used for data networks. Some of the proprietary networks use keyed RJ-45 connectors prevent improper use of the connectors. DB9 and IBMK data connectors are used with STP cabling for token ring networks, while DB15 connectors are used for Ethernet networks.
Crimping Procedure:
1)The correct type of cable must be selected and this must be stranded UTP for a patch cable. 2)A suitable length of cable is cut. 3)At least 2 cm of the cable sheath has to be stripped to expose the inner pairs. 4)Then the pair of cables has to be untwisted. 5) The colored wires should be placed in the correct order using the wiring diagram, according to the standered color coding or EIA/TIA standards. The inner wires should be cut such that they are exactly the same length and just long enough to reach the RJ45 connector, with the bridge positioned over the cable sheath. The connectors has to be positioned with the spring lever at the bottom. The wires are pushed into the connector such that the copper core should be visible from the end of the connector. The wires have to be checked to see if they are in the correct order. The RJ45 connector is pushed into the crimping tool and the handles are squeezed. The cables are checked to see if they are pierced and the bridge is over the cable sheath. The same procedure is repeated for the other end of the cable. The cable is tested using a cable tester.This is useful in identifying any crossed wires or those which do not make contact.
Wiring for a UTP patch cable The pairs of wires in UTP cable are colored so that you can identify the same wire at each end. Furthermore, they are usually color coded by pair so that pairs can also be identified from end to end. · Typical CAT5 UTP cables contain 4 pairs made up of a solid color and the same solid color striped onto a white background · The most common color scheme is the one that corresponds to the Electronic Industry Association/Telecommunications Industry Association’s Standard 568B. CRIMPING CABLES(continued) Fig .A The most common color scheme is the one that White / Orange Orange
>> >>
White / Orange Orange
White / Green >> White / Green Blue >> Blue White / Blue >> White / Blue Green >> Green White / Brown >> White / Brown Brown >> Brown Corresponds to the Electronic Industry Association or Telecommunications Industry Association’s Standard 568B. When the pairs are inserted into the RJ-45 plug the colors Should be as shown in the table alongside. Writing for UTP patch cable
CRIMPING CABLES Writing for a crossover cable Fig. B White / Orange Orange White / Green Blue White / Blue Green White / Brown Brown
>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>
White / Green Orange White / Orange Blue White / Blue Green White / Brown Brown
In order to make what is commonly referred to as a ‘Crossover’ cable one must change the pinout connections on ONE end of cable. If you do it on both ends of the cable you have Crossed over the crossover and now have a straightThrough cable, albeit a very non-standard one.
Writing for crossover cable
STRUCTURED WIRING SYSTEMS The computer network UTP is installed in the same manner as a telephone installation. The main components are as follow : A network card With a socket for an RJ45 (four pair) or RJ11 (two pair) connector. A patch cable with the appropriate connector is used to link the network card into a wall jack. This must be a stranded cable so that it is flexible. Since the attenuation of stranded cable is higher than solid cable, the length of this cable should not exceed 32 feet. · The cabling then passes into the wiring ducts as the back of the wall outlets and is routed to the main computer room. Solid core cables are used, as it is cheaper, has lower attenuation and repeated flexible is not required. · The cable is wired into the back of a patch panel in the computer room. · Lastly, a patch cable connects the port on the front of the patch panel to free port on the lab. Here again, stranded cable should be used with a maximum length of 32 feet. STRUCTURED WIRING SYSTEMS Wiring Techniques The wall outer and the patch panel have a punch down block for each port. The following steps have to be completed, to connect the wiring to a punch down block: As little sheath as possible (about 3cm) is removed and the pairs are untwisted only for a maximum distance of half an inch. Note that excessive untwisting will allow excessive crosstalk between Strands and may result in problems. The pairs are laid over the appropriate location on the punch down block and block a punch tool is used to simultaneously make connections and to cut
the strand to length. There are two formats in the punch down blocks – Krone and 110. Appropriate punch tools are required for different formats.
STRUCTURED WIRING SYSTEMS(continued) The Electrical Industries Association introduced the EIA 568 specification in 1991. This standard is called the ‘Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard’. This was the first non – proprietary networking scheme for network designers and has later been revised and updated, culminating in the latest version on the TIA/EIA 568A.
