Consequences Of Female Genital Mutilation

CONSEQUENCES OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION BY DR. COSMOS E. ENYINDAH

INTRODUCTION Traditional practices that entail removal of part or all of, or injury to the external genitalia of girls and women.

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FGM – first used by feminist, women’s health advocates and human rights activists. Adopted by Inter African Committee (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) in 1990. Different types of FGM in current use. Excision of the prepuce and clitoris Excision of the prepuce, clitoris and labia minora Infibulation  Introcision

Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) The health implications or consequences include; Physical, Sexual, Mental & Social. (A) PHYSICAL CONSEQUENCES; (a) Short-Term Complications

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Pain Injury to adjacent tissue Haemorrhage Shock Acute urinary retention Fracture or Dislocation Infections Failure to heal

(b) Long-Term Complications                

Difficulty in passing urine Recurrent urinary tract infection Pelvic infections Infertility Keloid scar formation Abscess Cysts of the vulva Clitoral neuroma Difficulties in menstruation Calculus formation Genital fistulae Development of a “false vagina” Dyspareunia Sexual dysfunction Difficulties in providing gynaecological care Problems in pregnancy and childbirth

(B) SEXUAL CONSEQUENCES  Functions of the female external genitalia  Effects of Mutilation

(C) MENTAL & SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES

CONCLUSION Deeply rooted traditional practice. Form of violence against girls and women that has serious physical and psychosocial consequences which adversely affect health. Reflects discrimination against girls and women, as such should be condemned.

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