Connective Tissue, Ligaments & Raphe

Connective tissue, Ligaments & Raphe Dr. Pankaj Maheria

Connective tissue • Connective tissue is a widely distrbuted general type of connective tissue which support, binds and protects special tissues of the body. • Component: – Cellular – Extra cellular

Constituents elements • •

Cells Matrix – Fibers – Ground substance

Cells • • • • • •

Fibroblast Macrophages Plasma cells Mast cells Fat cells ( Lipocytes , Adipocytes) Pigment cells

Extra cellular matrix • • • •

Collagen or white fibres Elastin or yellow fibres Reticulin fibres Ground substance

Type of connective tissue •

Ordinary connective tissue 1. Irregular connective tissue a) Loose connective tissue b) Dense connective tissue c) Adipose tissue

2. Regular connective tissue Fasciae, ligament, tendons and aponeuroses

•

Special connective tissue 1. 2. 3. 4.

Mucoid tissue Pigmented connective tissue Bone Cartilage

Functions • • • • • • • •

binding (packing) Compartmentalization. support Physical and immunologic protection. storage strength transport repair

Ligament • Fibrous bands which connects the adjacent bones , forming integral parts of joints. • They are tough and unyielding but at the same time are the flexible and pliant.

Type of ligament • Accroding to their composition – Most of the ligament are mad of collagen fibres. These are inelastic and unstretchble – Few lig. Like the ligamenta flava and ligaments of auditoy ossicles are made up of elastin fibres . These are elastic and stretchble

Type of ligament • Accodning to their relation to joint – Intrinsic ligaments • Extracapsular • Intracapusalr

– Extrinsic ligaments

Morphology • Degenerated tendons of the related muscles.

Blood and nerve supply • Blood vessels and nerve of the joint ramify on its ligaments and supply them • Most ligaments serve as sense organ because of their rich nerve supply

Function • Maintaining the stability at joint • Their sensory function makes them important reflex organs , so that their joint satbilizing role is far more efficient.

Applied anatomy • Sprain • Joint satbility is lost in neuropathic joint, as occur in tabes dorsalis, syringomyelia, leprosy, etc

Raphe • A linear fibrous band formed by interdigitation of tendinous or aponeurotic ends of the muscle. • It differs from lig in that it is stretchable. • Linea alba, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid raphe, pharyngeal raphe, anococcygeal raphe, etc

Applied anatomy of connective tissue. • Collagen diseases • Inflamation n injuries of the connective tissues are very painful because of its nerve supply or associate muscle spasm. Relief of pain in these disorder is marked delayed due to poor blood supply. • Marfan’s syndrome : – Hereditary disease – Mesodermal and ectodermal dysplasia –