Computermalar-2009-05-04

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˜© 4, 2009 Cu hfl C¯n®¶

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¶U©ı∫USÆ ˜£¡-õmkÆ J˜µ ¡¯PUPı⁄ C∏ ˆ£Ø∫P“ G⁄ E[P“ i®Ï £izu §”˜P En∫¢˜ufl. ñGÏ. ïzx-\ı™, E]-ªÆ£mi £[\fl RP-Œfl v∏-¬« - ı ñ u¯ª®˜£ `®£∫. Cfl›Æ Cx ˜£ıª £ª £Øfl-P“ S‘zx G -u-ƒÆ. Av-PÆ £Øfl£-hı-©¿ EØ-µzv¿ ¯¡zv-∏USÆ C¢u RP¯Õ C¤-˜©¿ £Øfl£-kzx-˜¡ıÆ. ñ A.S©-µ-S∏, £«{ _zu u™-»¿ u∏-Q-˜”fl Gfl÷ ˆ\ı¿º Øı∏USÆ ¶õ-Øı-©¿ G -uı-©¿, B[-Q-ªa ˆ\ıÿP“ ©ÿ÷Æ Au¯⁄ Ea\-õUSÆ ¬uÆ, u™-»¿ ¬ÕUPÆ G⁄a \õ-Øı-PU PÆ®-≥mh∫ £Øfl£ım¯h ¬ÕUSÆ E[P-Œfl £ıouıfl ˜u¯¡-Øı⁄ £ıo. A®£-i˜Ø P¯h®§-iUP-ƒÆ. ñˆ\. Q[Ϻ Cfl£-µı‰, ¶xa˜\õ ˆ©ı¯£¿ ¡¢x B[Q-ªz¯u-≤Æ ˆPkz-x-ka\ı! Cx Gfl⁄ GÏ.GÆ.GÏ. £ı¯Â. J [Pı ï  ¡ı∫z¯u-≤Æ G v⁄ı Gfl⁄? }[P ˜¡” Cu GkzxU ˆPıkUQ-’[P. ñï.ïzxU Pı©ım] |ıufl, Pı¯µUSi \ıuı-µn uP-¡¿ u∏Æ ˜P“¬ Gfl”ı-æÆ ïÿ‘-æÆ ˆhU¤UP¿ ˜P“¬ Gfl”ıæÆ J˜µ ©ıv-õ-ØıP ®µsmº A®-˜µıa]¿ £v¿ u∏Æ E[P“ £o £ıµımkUSõ-Øx. ñ\. P. ï∏-P-˜¡¿, vskUP¿

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¡ı\P∫P˜Õ . . . P Æ ® ≥ m h ∫ ~ ı ¿ P “ PÆ®≥mh∫ £Øfl£ık S‘zu u[P-Œfl \¢˜u-P[P¯Õ-≤Æ ˜P“¬-P-¯Õ-≤Æ G -x-¯P-∞¿ _∏UP-©ıP G -x-©ı÷ ˜¡sk-Q-˜”ıÆ. PÆ®≥mh∫ ©ª-õ¿ Cfl›Æ G¢u u¯ª®§¿ G u ˜¡skÆ Gfl£x S‘zu u[P“ ˜u¯¡-P-¯Õ-≤Æ G -u®£-kÆ Pmk-¯µP“ ©ÿ÷Æ S‘®¶-P“ S‘zu u[P“ P∏zxUP-¯Õ≤Æ G[P-–USz ˆuõ-Ø®£-kzu-ªıÆ. G v A›®£ ˜¡siØ ïP-¡õ:

PÆ®≥mh∫ £Øfl£ımi-¯⁄U Pÿ÷U ˆPıkUSÆ ¡¯P-∞¿ ˆ¡Œ-∞-h®£-kÆ ~ı¿P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ]iUP“ S‘zu S‘®¶-P“ PÆ®≥mh∫ ©ª-õ¿ ChÆ ˆ£” A¡ÿ‘fl C∏ §µ-v-P-¯ÕU RÃUPsh ïP-¡-õUS A›®¶-©ı÷ Afl¶-hfl ˜¡sh®£-k-Q-”x. ]i¯Ø A›®¶-¯P-∞¿ Au¯⁄ E∏-¡ıUQ-Ø-¡∫,uØı-õzu {÷¡-⁄Æ, Q¯hUSÆ Ch[P“, ¬¯ª, ˆ¡Œ-∞mh |ı“ BQ-د¡ S‘zu Pi-uÆ Ehfl A›®£®£h ˜¡skÆ. 2008Æ Bsi¿ ˆ\®hÆ£∏US §fl ˆ¡Œ¡¢u¡ÿ¯” ©mkÆ A›®£ƒÆ.

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UˆÈ¿ J∫U Ámi¿ |ıÆ AiUPi £Øfl£kzxÆ ˆ\Ø¿£ıkPŒ¿ ¡õ¯\PŒ¿ E“Õ ˜hmhı¬¯⁄ ¡õ¯\®£kz-x¡xÆ (Sorting) Jfl”ıSÆ. C¢u ¡õ-¯\® £kzx¡x Gfl£x ]‘Ø ©v®-§º∏¢x ˆ£õØ ©v®§ÿSa ˆ\¿¡uıP˜¡ı (Ascending) A¿ªx ˆ£õØ ©v®§º∏¢x ]‘Ø ©v®§ÿSa ˆ\¿¡uıP˜¡ı (Descending)C∏UPªıÆ. Cu¯⁄ ˜©ÿˆPı“--¯P∞¿ |ıÆ A¯©zx“Õ ˜hmhı-¬ÿS® £ıv®¶ Hÿ£k©ı Gfl£x |ıÆ A¯©zx“Õ ˜hmhı ¡¯P∞¯⁄® ˆ£ı÷zuuıSÆ. Cx G®£i {PÃQ”x Gfl£¯u® £ı∫UPªıÆ. }[P“ ]‘Ø ©v®§º∏¢x ˆ£õØ ©v®-§ÿS ¡õ¯\®£kzx¡uıP C∏¢uı¿ (Ascending) GUˆÈ¿ RÃUPıqÆ ¡õ¯\∞¿ ˜hmhıUP¯ÕU ¯PØı–Æ: 1.Gs ©v®¶ ñ S¯”¢uvº∏¢x AvP©ı⁄¯u ˜|ıUQ 2.˜uv ©ÿ÷Æ ˜|µÆ ñ uØvº∏¢x uÿ˜£ı¯uدu ˜|ıUQ 3.ˆhUÏm ©v®¶ ñ GsP“ ïuº¿, Aufl§fl G zx APµ¡õ¯\®£i (1, 2, 3, a, b, c)

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4. ªı‚UP¿ ©v®¶ ñ ïuº¿ \õØÿ”x (FALSE) §fl \õØı⁄x (TRUE). AkzuuıP u¡”ı⁄ ©v®¶ u∏Æ ˜hmhı (Error values) Cv¿ Descending Gfl£x Ascending Gfl£ufl ˜|∫ Gvµı⁄uıSÆ. }[P“ G¢u ¡»¯Øz ˜u∫¢ˆukzuıæÆ PıºØıP E“Õ •¿k-P“ ¡õ¯\®£kzu®£k¯P∞¿ C÷v-ØıPU Pımh®£kÆ. GsP“ ©ÿ÷Æ G zxUP¯Õ ¡õ¯\®£kzu: }[P“ J∏ ˆ\¿º¿ G zxU-P¯Õ≤Æ GsP¯Õ≤Æ ˜\∫zx ˜hmhı¡ıPU ˆPıkz-v∏¢uı¿ GUˆÈ¿ J∏ S‘®§mh ¡¯P∞¿ ¡õ¯\®£kzx¡u¯⁄U PınªıÆ. Cx Hfl C®£i ˆ\Ø¿£kQ”x G⁄ }[P“ ¬Ø®£¯h¢v∏UPªıÆ. Cufl §fl⁄o∞¿ E“Õ u∫UP ¡» (Logic) Gfl⁄ Gfl÷ £ı∫UPªıÆ. GkzxU PımhıP K∫ J∫UÁmi¿ J∏ S‘®-§mh ¡õ¯\∞¿ F1, F2, F3 G⁄ F149 ¡¯µ }[P“ u¢v∏®£uıP ¯¡zxU ˆPı“˜¡ıÆ. C¢u ˜hmhı¯¡ ¡õ¯\®£i A¯©U-PªıÆ G⁄ ïiˆ¡kzx A¿ªx ¡¯PUS Pmh¯Õ A¯©zuı¿ ¡∏Æ ïiƒP“ E[P–US H©ıÿ”z¯uz uµªıÆ. Hˆ⁄fl-”ı¿ C¢u ˜hmhı¬¿ ïu¿ ˜PµU-

˜© 4, 2009

h∫ K∫ G zx. GUˆÈ¿ C¢u ¡õ¯\∞¿ G z¯u ïuº¿ Gkzx ¡õ¯\®£kzxÆ. G⁄˜¡ ¡õ¯\®£kzx¯P∞¿ F1, F10, F100, F101, F102 G⁄ ¡õ¯\®£kzu®-£k¡-u¯⁄U PınªıÆ. C¢u ¡õ¯\∞¿ F2 Gfl” ˜hmhı 62 B¡x ˜hmhı¡ıPzuıfl ¡∏Æ. Hˆ⁄fl”ı¿ C¢u ¡õ¯\ ï -¡¯u≤Æ GUˆÈ¿ G zxUPÕıPzuıfl GkzxU ˆPısk ¡õ¯\®£kzxÆ. A®£iØı⁄ı¿ C¯u |ıÆ ¬∏ƶƣi \õØıP ¡õ¯\®-£kzx¡x G®£i? C¢u ˜hmhı¬¿ E“Õ Gs-P–US ïfl 0 ¯¡® £Øfl£kzu ˜¡skÆ. Gkz-xU PımhıP F1 Gfl£uÿS® £vªıP F001 G⁄ A¯©UP ˜¡skÆ. C¢u ¶vØ £ı∫-©m-iÿS ©ıÿ” RÃUPıqÆ £ı∫ïªı¬¯⁄ A¯©UPªıÆ. = LEFT(C1,1) & RIGHT(“000” & RIGHT (C1,LEN(C1)1),3) C∆¡ı÷ A¯©zu §fl⁄∫ }[P“ ¡õ¯\®£kzv⁄ı¿ }[P“ Gv∫£ı∫zu £i F001, F002, F003 G⁄ A¯©¢v∏®-£u¯⁄® £ı∫UPªıÆ. I¢x ¡õ¯\P¯Õ ¡õ¯\®£kzu: GUˆÈ¿ ¡õ¯\®-£kzx¯P-∞¿ âfl÷ ¡õ-¯\P¯Õ A›©vU-Q”x. B⁄ı¿ |©US ˜©æÆ ]ª ¡õ-¯\P-¯Õa ˜\∫zx ¡õ¯\®-£kzu ˜¡si C∏®§fl Gfl⁄ ˆ\¥ØªıÆ? Cuÿ-S® £ª ¡»P“ E“Õ⁄. GkzxU PımhıP I¢x ¡õ¯\PŒ¿ E“Õ-¡ÿ¯” }[P“ ¡õ¯\®£kzu ˜¡skÆ G⁄ ¯¡z-xU ˆPı“˜¡ıÆ. ïu¿ ¡»ØıP C¡ÿ¯” Cµsk ﯔ ˜©ÿˆPı“ÕªıÆ. A,B,C,D,E Gfl” I¢x column PŒ¿ E“Õ ˜hmhı¬¯⁄ ¡õ-¯\®-£kzu ˜¡s-kÆ. ïu¿ ¡õ¯\®-£kzxuæUS C,D,E ¡õ¯\-P¯Õ Em-£kz-uªıÆ. Akzx A,B ¡õ¯\-P¯Õ Em£kz-uªıÆ. Cflˆ⁄ı∏ ﯔ¯Ø≤Æ £ı∫U-PªıÆ. J∆ˆ¡ı∏ ¡õ-¯\-ØıP Gkzx Ascend ing A¿ªx Descending ˜u∫¢ˆukzx ¡õ¯\®£kz-uªıÆ. ïuº¿ E ¡õ¯\∞¿ J∏ ˆ\¿¯ªz ˜u∫¢-ˆukzx Pmh¯Õ ˆPıkUPƒÆ. §fl C˜u ˜£ı¿ ©ÿ” ¡õ¯\PŒæÆ E“-Õ¡ÿ¯” Gkzx ˆ\Ø¿£hªıÆ. Cv¿ Cflˆ⁄ıfl¯”≤Æ {¯⁄¬¿ ˆPı“Õ ˜¡skÆ. E[P“ ˜hmhı¬fl v⁄©ª∫ & PÆ®≥mh∫ ©ª∫

4

ufl¯© C¢u ¡õ¯\®£kzx¡u¯⁄ £ıvUSÆ. E[P“ ˜hmhı ¡õ¯\∞¿ PıºØıP ]ª ˆ\¿P“, G∫µ∫ ˜¡¿≥, ˆhUÏmhıP Gs--P“ £Øfl£kzu® £mi∏®£x ˜£ıfl”¯¡ C∏¢uı¿ GUˆÈ¿ ¡õ¯\®£kz-x¯P∞¿ ]UP¿ Hÿ£mk }[P“ Gv∫£ı∫zu£i ¡õ¯\ A¯©Øı©¿ ˜£ı¥¬hªıÆ. CuÿS J˜µ ¡» C¡ÿ¯”a \õ®£kzx¡xuıfl. Gkz-xU PımhıP GsP¯Õ GsPÕıPzuıfl A¯©UP ˜¡skÆ. ˆhUÏmhıP C∏UPU Thıx. C∏®§fl A¡ÿ‘fl £ı∫©m¯h ©ıÿ” ˜¡skÆ. Cflˆ⁄ı∏ ¡»¯Ø≤Æ ˜©ÿˆPı“ÕªıÆ. C¢u ¡»∞¿ ¡õ¯\®£kzx¡uÿˆP⁄ J∏ u¤ ¡õ¯\¯Ø Hÿ£kzx¡x. C¢u ¡» E[P“ ˜hmhı ï ¡xÆ ˆhUÏmhıP C∏¢uı¿ ]”®£ıP ¡õ¯\®£kzu®£kÆ. C¢u ¡¯P∞¿ A ¡õ¯\ ïu¿ E ¡¯µ∞ªı⁄ ˆhUÏm ¡õ¯\ F¿ A¯©UP®£kÆ. R˜« uµ®--£mk“Õx ˜£ıfl” £ı∫ïªı¬¯⁄ }[P“ CuÿS® £Øfl£kzuªıÆ. ¡õ¯\ F¿ =A1 & B1 & C1 & D1 & E1 Gfl” £ı∫ïªı¬¯⁄ A¯©UPƒÆ. H˜u›Æ J∏ ¡õ¯\∞¿ ˜uv A¯©UP®-£m-i∏¢uı¿ Au¯⁄ ˆhUÏm-hıP ©ıÿ” ˜¡siØv∏U-SÆ. Au¯⁄ J˜µ ©ıvõØıP A¯©UP RÃUPıqÆ £ı∫-ïªı¬¯⁄® £Øfl-£kzuƒÆ. = A1 & B1 & C1 & TEXT(D1,”yyyymmdd”) & E1 H˜u›Æ J∏ ¡õ¯\∞¿ GsP“ A¯©U-P®-£mi∏¢uı¿ Au¯⁄ ˆhUÏmhıP ©ıÿ” ˜¡s-iØv∏USÆ. Au¯⁄ J˜µ ©ıvõ-ØıP A¯©UP RÃUPıqÆ £ı∫-ïªı¬¯⁄® £Øfl£kzuƒÆ. =A1 & TEXT(B1,”000000") & C1 & D1 & E1 C¯¡ G¿ªıÆ E[P–US® §iUP¬¿¯ª Gfl”ı¿, GUˆÈ¿ £Øfl£kzxÆ ªı‚U E[P–US Jzx¡µ¬¿¯ª Gfl”ı¿ H˜u›Æ ˜u∫m £ı∫mi ¶˜µıQµıÆ £Øfl£kzv ˜hmhı¬¯⁄ ¡õ¯\®£kzu ˜¡si-Øx-uıfl. Pou¬Øº¿ Cx ˜£ıª ˜hmhı¬¯⁄ ¡õ¯\®£kzx¡x Gfl£x J∏ B∫¡âmkÆ §õ¡ıSÆ. Cu¯⁄ ˜©æÆ ˜©æÆ £Øfl£kzv® £ı∫U¯P∞¿ |©US ]ª ¶vØ EzvP“ Thz ˜uıfl”ªıÆ. ïØÿ]zx® £ı∫UPƒÆ. ˜© 4, 2009

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Wi-Fi Gfl” Wireless Fidelity C®ˆ£ı x §µ-£ªÆ. 802.11a, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11h G⁄® £ª ¡¯µØ¯”P“ Cz ˆuı»¿ ~m£® £Øfl£ımi¿ ˆ¡Œ-ØıQ≤“-Õ⁄. 802.11g I Ai®£¯h-ØıPU ˆPısh ¡Ø∫ˆªÏ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫U Pı∫kP–Æ, AU\Ï £ı∞skP–Æ (Access Point) Pmk£iØıQ” ¬¯ªPŒ¿ Q¯h-®£uı¿ G¿˜ªı∏Æ ¡Ø∫ˆªÏ ˆ|m-ˆ¡ı∫U £Øfl£kzu ï¯⁄Qfl-”⁄∫. ¡Ø∫ˆªÏ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫UQ¿ £ıxPı®¶ AÆ\Æ P¡¤UP®£h ˜¡siØx. Aufl £ıxPı®¶ \õ∞¿¯ªˆØ¤¿, ˜¡shıu |£∫P“ Au›“ ~¯«¢x, |ı\z¯u Hÿ£kzu ïi≤Æ. E[P“ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫U¯P £Øfl-£kzv ©ÿˆ”ı∏ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫U¯P uıUP ïi≤Æ. ¡Ø∫ˆªÏ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫USP¯Õ Hÿ£kzx-£¡∫P“ A¡ÿ‘fl £ıxPı®¯£ £ª®£kzu ˜¡skÆ. Auÿ Pı⁄ ]ª B˜ªı-\¯⁄ P“ R˜« uµ®£mk“Õ⁄. * Bflh⁄ı¯¡ \õØı⁄ Chzv¿ ¯¡≤[-P“. E[P–¯hØ ˆ|m ˆ¡ı∫UQÿS ˆ¡Œ˜Ø ]U⁄¿ ˆ\¿ªU Thıx Gfl-£¯u ©¤v¿ ¯¡≤[P“. ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫U-QÿS ˆ¡Œ˜Ø ˆ\¿æQ” ]U⁄¯ª ˜¡shıu |£∫P“ ¯P®£ÿ‘ ⁄ı¿ B£zx ˜|õkÆ Gfl£¯u ©”¡ıw∫P“. * Wireless Encryption Protocol (WEP) Gfl” Gfl-Qõ®Âfl ﯔ¯Ø E[P“ ˆ|m-ˆ¡ı∫U-Q¿ ˆ\Ø¿£kzx¡x |¿ªx. AU-\Ï £ı∞skP¯Õz uØıõUQ” {÷¡⁄[P“ C¢u ¶˜µı˜hı˜Pı¯ª ˆ\Ø¿ C«UPa ˆ\¥¡x ¡«UPÆ. G⁄˜¡ A¯ua ˆ\Ø¿£h ¯¡≤[P“. G⁄˜¡ E[-P“ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫UQ¿ C∏¢x ˆ¡Œ˜Ø÷-Q” ˜hmhı¯¡ ˜ÌUP∫P–Æ, QµıU-P∫P–Æ A∆¡Õƒ GŒuıP £izx¬h ïiØıx. * AU\Ï £ı∞skPŒ¿ Service Set Indentifier Gfl” ¡\v Esk. J∏ AU\Ï £ı∞shı⁄x u⁄x GÏGÏIi v⁄©ª∫ & PÆ®≥mh∫ ©ª∫

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ˆ£Ø¯µ A¯ª£µ®¶ ˆ\¥¡x ¡«UPÆ. G⁄˜¡ A¢u ˆ£Ø¯µ ˆuõ¢x ˆPısh ˜ÌUP∫P–Æ, QµıUP∫P–Æ A¢u AU\Ï £ı∞si¿ ~¯«Ø ïØÿ] ˆ\¥¡ı∫P“. G⁄˜¡ AU\Ï £ı∞sifl SSID broadcast ¡\v¯Øz u¯h ˆ\¥x ¬k[P“. * Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Gfl” DHCP ¡\v¯Øˆ\Ø¿ C«UPa ˆ\¥x ¬k[P“. G⁄˜¡ ˜ÌUP∫P–Æ, QµıU-P∫P–Æ E[P“ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫UQ¿ ~¯«Ø ïØfl”ı¿ A¡∫P“ TCP/IP ¶˜µı-˜hıPı¿P–US ˜u¯¡Øı⁄ IP ïP¡õ, \®ˆ|m ©ıÏU (Subnet Mask) ˜£ıfl” ¬¡µ[P¯Õ ˆPıkUP ˜¡si∞-∏U-SÆ. E[P“ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫U ˆuıh∫£ı⁄ C¢u ¬¡µ[P“ A¡∫PŒhÆ C¿ªıuuı¿ A¡∫PÕı¿ E[ P“ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫U-Q¿ ~¯«Ø ïiØıx. TCP/IP Gfl-”ı¿ Transmission control protocol/ Internet Protocol G⁄® ˆ£ı∏“. Simple Network * Management Protocol Gfl” SNMP ˆ\mi[P¯Õ AU\Ï £ı∞si¿ ˆ\Ø¿ C«UPa ˆ\¥≤[P“; A¿ªx ©ıÿ‘ ¬k[P“. C¯u }[P“ ˆ\¥-Øı©¿ ¬mhı¿ E[P“ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫U £ÿ‘Ø ¬¡µ[P¯Õ ˜ÌUP∫P–Æ, QµıUP∫P–Æ A‘¢x¬h ïi≤Æ. * G¢ˆu¢u PÆ®≥mh∫P“ G¿ªıÆ AU \ıÏ £ı∞sk ¡»ØıP ˆ\¿ª ˜¡s-kÆ Gfl£¯u {∫n∞UQ” ¡\v ]ª AU-\Ï £ı∞skPŒ¿ Esk. E[P–-¯hØ AU\Ï £ı∞siæÆ A¢u ¡\v C∏¢-uı¿, E[P“ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫UQ¿ E“Õ PÆ®≥mh∫PŒfl ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫U Pı∫k ïP¡õP¯Õ AU\Ï £ı∞sihÆ ˆuõ¬zx ¬k[P“. C¢u ïP¡õP¯Õ AU\Ï £ı∞sihÆ ˆuõ¬zx ¬k[P“. C¢u ïP¡õP¯Õz u¬µ ©ÿ” ïP¡õP“ ˆPısh PÆ®≥mh∫P¯Õ A›©vU-Pı˜u G⁄ AU\Ï £ı∞sihÆ T‘⁄ı¿ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫UQfl £ıxPı®¶ Tk©¿ª¡ı? ˜© 4, 2009

|ıÆ v⁄¢˜uı÷Æ PÆ®≥mh¯µ® £Øfl-£kzxQ˜”ıÆ. B⁄ı¿ £ı∫®£x G¿ªıÆ ©ı¤mh∫ v¯µ¯Øzuıfl. E[P“ PÆ®≥mh∏US“ Gfl⁄ C∏UQ”x Gfl”ı¡x £ı∫zv∏UQ’∫PÕı? J∏ ]ª∫ ]§≥ ˜P§¯⁄ âi ¯¡zu ]‘Ø ˆ£m-iUS“ ¯¡zx CØUS¡ı∫P“. CØU-SƘ£ıx ©mkÆ Au¯⁄z vÿ¢x ¯¡z-xU ˆPı“¡ı∫P“. G®£i C∏¢uıæÆ Aufl ˆ¡Œ®¶”z¯uzuı˜⁄ £ı∫UQ-˜”ıÆ. \õ, PÆ®≥mh∏US“ Gfl⁄ C∏UP® ˜£ıQ”x. ©u∫˜£ı∫k, Ìı∫m iÏU, i¯µ∆-P“ ©ÿ÷Æ C¡ÿ¯” C¯¯nUSÆ ˜P§“-P“. C¡ÿ¯”® £ı∫zx® ˆ£õuıP Gfl⁄ ˆuõ¢x ˆPı“Õ®˜£ıQ˜”ıÆ. |ıÆ A‘¢x ˆPı“Õ ˜¡siØx G¿ªıÆ |Æ Ìı∫m iÏU ˆPı“ÕÕƒ Gfl⁄? ]®§fl ufl¯© Gfl⁄? Aufl ¯\UQ“ Ï•m Gfl⁄? µıÆ G∆¡Õƒ? Cfl›Æ Gzu¯⁄ ˜£ı∫m E“Õ⁄? Gzu¯⁄ \ıu⁄[P¯Õ C¯nUPªıÆ? K.GÏ. Gzu⁄ı¡x £v®¶? Av¿ \∫√Ï ˜£U Gfl⁄ C¯n¢x“-Õx? Gfl£¡ÿ¯” A‘¢x ˆPı“¡v¿uıfl |fl¯©˜Ø E“Õx. A˜hØ®£ı Gzu¯⁄ ¬ÂØ[P“! C¡ÿ¯” G¿ªıÆ G®£i A‘¢x ˆPı“¡x? J∆ˆ¡ıfl”ı¥ ˆuõ¢x ˆPı“Õ ïØÿ-]zuı¿ ˜|µÆ G∆¡Õƒ ˆ\ª¡ıSÆ? Cuÿ-ˆP¿ªıÆ J∏ ¡» u∏Æ ¡¯P∞¿ ]ª \ı®m˜¡∫ ˆuıS®¶P“ C¯nØzv¿ Q¯hU-Qfl”⁄. A¡ÿ‘¿ ]”¢uuıP

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Cµsk ˆ u õ Ø ¡¢u⁄. A¯¡ S‘zu uP¡¿-P¯Õ C[S PınªıÆ. ïuªı¡uıP CPUID Gfl” {÷¡⁄Æ uØıõzx ¡«[SÆ CPUZ Gfl” ¶˜µıQµıÆ. Cx J∏ hØıU⁄ÏiU ¶˜µıQµıÆ. Auı¡x ˜©˜ª ˆ\ıfl⁄ A¯⁄zx PÆ®≥mh∫ §õƒ-P¯Õ≤Æ Aª] Bµı¥¢x Aufl ufl¯©P¯Õ J∏ ˆhUÏm ¯£ªıPz u∏Æ ¶˜µı-QµıÆ. Cu¯⁄ http:// www. cpuid.com/cpuz.php Gfl” uÕz-v¿ PınªıÆ. Cu¯⁄ Pı®§ ˆ\¥x E[P“ PÆ®≥mhõ¿ {÷¬ CØUQ⁄ı¿ PÆ®≥m-hõ¿ E“Õ ]ºUPıfl £ıP[PŒfl CØ¿¶ A¯⁄z-¯u≤Æ ˆuõ¢x ˆPı“ÕªıÆ.

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¶˜µıQµı™¯⁄U PımiæÆ Tku¿ v”fl ˆPısh ¶˜µıQµıÆ Jfl-‘¯⁄U Pın ïi¢ux. Aufl Cu¯⁄ ˆ£Ø∫ Sandra. SiSoftware ¡«[-S¡x Gfl” {÷-¡⁄Æ. Cx Ai®£¯h∞¿ Cª¡\ ©ı¥U Q¯hUQ”x. B⁄ı¿ Tku¿ uP¡¿ P“ ˆ£” PmhnÆ ˆ\æzv® ˆ£”-ªıÆ. Cª¡\©ı¥U Q¯hU-SÆ ¶˜µıQµı˜© |©U-S® ˜£ıxÆ. Cx ˜©˜ª ˆ\ıfl⁄ CPUZ ¶˜µıQµıÆ u∏Æ A¯⁄zx uP¡¿P¯Õ-≤Æ u∏¡xhfl TkuªıPa ]ª uP¡¿-P¯Õ-≤Æ u∏Q”x.

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AÕ¬˜ª˜Ø ™fl\ıµz¯u® £Øfl-£kzvU ˆPı“-Q”x.-˜©æÆ C¢u PÆ®-≥mh∫ ¡i¡-¯©®-§¿ ]‘ØuıP C∏®£uı¿ ˜©¯·∞¿ S¯”¢u Chz-¯u˜Ø GkzxU ˆPı“Q”x. Cufl µıÆ ˆ©©õ 1‚§. Ìı∫m iÏU 80 ‚§. i¬i µıÆ uµ®-£m-k“-Õx. 17 A[Sª ].B∫.i. © ı ¤ m h ∫ uµ®£kQ”x. Cufl ¬¯ª π. 12,900. C˜u ©ıhº¿ 160 ‚§ Ìı∫m iÏU ˆ£ı∏z-u®£mh PÆ®-≥mh∫ π.13, 5 0 0 U - S U Q¯hUQ”x. { a \ Ø Æ £mˆ·m ˜£ımk PÆ®--≥m--h∫ ¡ı[P {¯⁄®-˜£ı∏US C¢u PÆ®-≥m-h∫ J∏ |¿ª ˜uı«⁄ıP C∏USÆ. ˜© 4, 2009

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˜¡siØ ¯£¿P¯Õ ¯¡UP®£kÆ. Files Ready to be Written to the CD Gfl” §õ¬¿ }[P“ ˜u∫¢ˆukzu ¯£¿ A¿ªx ˜£ı¿h∫ E“-Õuı Gfl÷ \õ £ı∫UPƒÆ. CD Writing Tasks §õ¬¿ Write these files to CD Gfl£v¿ QŒU ˆ\¥vhƒÆ. Akzx ¬s˜hıÏ ]i ¯µm-i[ ¬Èı∫m Jfl¯”U PımkÆ. Av¿ Pım-h®£kÆ Pmh¯ÕP¯Õ® §fl£ÿ-”ƒÆ. ]i∞fl ˆPı“ÕÕ¬ÿSÆ AvP©ı⁄ AÕ-¬¿ E“Õ ¯£¿P¯Õ Pı®§ ˆ\¥vh ïØÿ]UPU Thıx. uµ©ı⁄ ]i Jfl÷ 650 GƧ ¡¯µ ˜hmhı¬¯⁄ ¡ı[QU ˆPı“–Æ. ]ª EØ∫ µP ]iUP“ 850 GƧ ¡¯µ GkzxU ˆPı“–Æ. C¢u ¯£¿P¯Õ ]i∞¿ G xÆ ïfl PÆ®-≥mh∫ uÿPıºP Chzv¿ ¯¡zxU ˆPı“-–Æ Gfl÷ S‘®§m˜hıÆ A¿-ª¡ı? C¢u ¯£¿PŒfl AÕ¬ÿS Ìı∫m iÏUQ¿ ChÆ C∏UP ˜¡s-kÆ. J∏ Ïhısh∫m ]iUS ¬s˜hıÏ Ìı∫m iÏUQ¿ 700 GƧ AÕ¬ªı⁄ Chz¯u JxU-SÆ. EØ∫ ¡¯P ]iUS 1 ‚§ ¡¯µ∞¿ ChÆ JxUP®£kÆ. ]i∞¿ A¯⁄zx ¯£¿P–Æ Pı®§ B⁄ §fl⁄∫ ´skÆ ]i i¯µ-¬¿ QŒU ˜© 4, 2009

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ÿ\VÁ√_ º√V[ ÿ>Va_ O‚√D ˜£ıfl S‘zx £iUSÆ ˆ © ı ¯£¿ ˜£ıxÆ ©ÿ”¡õhÆ E¯µØıkÆ ˜£ıxÆ £ª ˆuı»¿ ~m£a ˆ\ıÿ P¯Õ® £Øfl-£kz-xQ˜”ıÆ. C¯¡ £ª _∏USa ˆ\ıÿ-PÕı-P˜¡ E“ Õ⁄. A¡ÿ‘fl ¬õ¡ıUPÆ ˆuõ-Øı©¿ C∏¢uıæÆ A¯¡ Gu¯⁄U S‘®-§kQfl-”⁄ Gfl÷ A‘Øı©˜ª˜Ø C∏UQ-˜”ıÆ. ]ª ˜¡¯ÕPŒ¿ A¢u ˆuı»¿ ~m-£a ˆ\ı¿ S‘®§kÆ CØUP ﯔ S‘zxÆ ˆuõ Øı©¿ C∏UQ˜”ıÆ. C[S Ax ˜£ıfl÷ AiUPi £Øfl£kzxÆ ]ª ˆ\ıÿ-P“ ¬ÕUPzxhfl uµ®£kQfl”⁄. GSM - Global System for Mobile communications Gfl£ufl _∏UPÆ. C¢u ˆuı»¿ ~m-£zvfl âªÆ ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ıflP“ A¡ÿ-‘ÿPı⁄ \∫√Ï u∏Æ {÷¡⁄[P“ ©ÿ÷Æ EªQ¿ E“Õ ©ÿ” \∫√Ï ¶µ¯¡-h∫-P–hfl ˆuıh∫¶ ˆPı“Õ Eu¬kÆ ˆuı»¿ ~m£Æ. C¢u ˜£ıfl-P¯Õ ]Æ Pı∫k C¯nz-x® £Øfl£kzuªıÆ. CDMA - Code division multiple access Cfl--ˆ⁄ı∏ ¡¯P ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˆuı»¿ ~m-£Æ.-Cu¯⁄® £Øfl£kz-x¯P∞¿ A®-˜£ıx Q¯hUSÆ ï  A¯ª¡õ¯\∞fl v”-¯⁄ ˜£ıfl ˆuıh∫¶US® £Øfl£kzu ïi≤Æ. Cu⁄ı¿ v”fl TiØ x¿ºu©ı⁄ Jº Q¯hUSÆ. ˜hmhı £õ©ıÿ-”ïÆ GŒ-uıPƒÆ ¬¯µ-¡ıPƒÆ |¯hˆ£÷Æ. ]ª ].i.-GÆ.H. ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ıflPŒ¿ ]Æ Pı∫m Aufl ˜£ı∫i¿C¯nz˜u uµ®-£kÆ. G⁄˜¡ CuÿˆP⁄ u¤ ˜£ıfl ©ıh¿-P“ E∏¡ıUP®£mk ¬ÿ£¯⁄-ØıQfl”⁄. Cu⁄ı¿ C¢u ¡¯P ©ıh¿P“ ‚.GÏ.-GÆ. ©ıh¿P¯ÕU PımiæÆ S¯”¡ı⁄ GsoU¯P∞˜ª˜Ø E“Õ⁄. C¢u ˆuı»¿ ~m£Æ ïu¿ ïuªıP CµshıÆ EªP® ˜£ıõfl ˜£ıx §õm-h¤fl Ao-∞¿ C∏¢u |ıkPÕı¿ ˆ·∫©¤ £¯hPŒfl ïØÿ-]P¯Õ ï‘ØiUP ˆuı¯ª ˆuıh∫--¶U-PıP® £Øfl£kzu®£mhx.

Bluetooth : ¶–lz ¡Ø∫ C¯n®¶ Gxƒ™fl‘ C∏ ˆuı¯ª ˆuıh∫¶ \ıu-⁄[-P–UQ¯h˜Ø ˜hmhı £õ©ıÿ”Æ ©ÿ÷Æ \ıu⁄[P¯ÕU Pmk®£kzu ¡¯P ˆ\¥-vkÆ ˆuı»¿ ~m£Æ. Cu›hfl \ı∫¢u ]ª ˆuı»¿ ~m£ §õƒP¯Õ≤Æ £ı∫UPªıÆ. Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR : ¡\v C¯n¢u ¶–lz ˆ\Ø¿£ık. ¶–lz ¡\v CØUP®£mh \ıu⁄[P–UQ¯h˜Ø ¬¯µ¡ıP ˜hmhı £õ©ıÿ”Æ Hÿ£k¡u¯⁄ Cufl âªÆ S‘UQ˜”ıÆ. A2DP - Advanced Audio Distribution Profile : ¶–lz ¡\v CØUP®£mh \ıu⁄[P–U--Q¯h˜Ø ]”¢u ﯔ∞¿ Bi˜Øı¬¯⁄ ˜Pmk ©Q« C¢u ˆuı»¿ ~m£Æ £Øfl£kzu®£kQ”x. Ïjõ˜Øı õ^¡∫ C∏¢uı¿ Ïj-õ˜Øı ¡¯P∞¿ Jº ˆ¡Œ®--£ık Q¯hUSÆ. ˆÌm ˆ\mP“ ⪩ıP-ƒÆ C¢u ]”®£ı⁄ C¯\ ˆ¡Œ®£ım-i-¯⁄U ˜Pmk ©Q«ªıÆ. AuÿS EuƒÆ ˆuı»¿ ~m£Æ Cx. AVRCP - Audio/Video Remote Control Profile : ¶–lz ¡\v CØUP®£mh \ıu⁄[--P–U--Q¯h˜Ø ˜hmhı £õ©ıÿ”Æ ©mk™fl‘ J∏ \ıu⁄z¯u Cflˆ⁄ıfl-‘fl âªÆ Pmk®£kz-xÆ ¡\v¯Ø C¢u ˆuı»¿ ~m£Æ u∏Q”x. Gkz-xU PımhıP E[P“ ˆ£∫-\⁄¿ PÆ®≥mhõ¿ E“Õ ¬s-˜hıÏ ´iØı §˜Õدµ ¶–lz CØU-P®£mh ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ıfl âªÆ Pmk®-£kzv CØUPªıÆ. AVRCP ¡\v≤Æ Cv¿ C∏¢x CØUP®£mi∏UP ˜¡s--kÆ. A-GPS – Assisted Global Positioning System: E[P“ ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ı¤¿ Cflh∫ˆ|m C¯n®¶ ¡\v C∏¢x Au¯⁄ CØU-SÆ ¡\v¯Ø E[P–US ˆ©ı¯£¿ C¯n®¶ u∏Æ {÷¡⁄zvhÆ }[P“ ˆ£ÿ-‘∏¢x Au¯⁄ CØUQ⁄ı¿ \ımh-¯ªm-iº∏¢x {÷¡⁄zvfl \∫¡∫ ¡»˜Ø E[-P“ ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ı¤¿ uP¡¿-P¯Õ® ˆ£”-ªıÆ. C¯nØ® £UP[-P¯Õ® £ı∫¯¡-∞h-ªıÆ. ‚.§.GÏ. ¡\v

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ˆPısh ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ıflPŒ¿ C¢u AGPS Eu¬ C¿ªı©¿ ˜hmhı ˆ£”ªıÆ. B⁄ı¿ AuÿS ˜|µÆ ™P ™P AvP©ıSÆ. A¢u ]µ©z¯u C¢u ˆuı»¿ ~m£Æ S¯”UQ”x. B⁄ı¿ E[-P“ ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ı¤¿ Cflh∫ˆ|m ˆuıh∫¶ ¡\v C∏®£x PmhıØ©ıSÆ. EDGE - Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution: Cu¯⁄ G⁄ƒÆ A¯«UQfl”⁄∫. C¢u ˆuı»¿ ~m£Æ ‚.§.B∫.GÏ. ¡¯P∞¯⁄U PımiæÆ \ÿ÷ ˜©Æ£mhuıSÆ. Au¯⁄U PımiæÆ \ÿ÷ ˜¡PÆ AvP©ı⁄ §µƒ][ ©ÿ÷Æ ˜hmhı £õ©ıÿ”z¯uz u∏Æ. GPRS - General Packet Radio Service: Cx J∏ ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜hmhı \∫√Ï ¡¯PØıSÆ. 2‚ ©ÿ÷Æ 3‚ ¡¯P ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫U C¯n®-¶PŒ¿ Cx £Øfl£kzu®-£k-Q”x. ˜hmhı £õ©ıÿ”zv¯⁄ Cx u∏Q”x. ˆ|ıiUS 56 Q˜ªı §mÏ ïu¿ 114 Q˜ªı §mÏ ¡¯µ∞ªı⁄ ˜¡Pzv¿ Cufl âªÆ ˜hmhı¬¯⁄® ˆ£”ªıÆ. ˜hm-hı¬¯⁄® ˆ£” E[P“ ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ı¤¿ E“Õ §µƒ\∫ Cflh∫ˆ|m C¯n®§¿ C∏UP ˜¡skÆ. Wi-Fi : Cx ¡Ø∫ C¯n®¶ Gxƒ™fl‘ ˆ|mˆ¡ı∫U C¯n®¶ ˜©ÿˆPı“¡¯uU

S‘UQ”x. ¯¡-ñ§ C¯n®¶ ¡\v ˆPıflh πm-h∫P–hfl ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ıflP“ C¯n®¶ ˆ£÷¡u¯⁄ Cx S‘UQ”x. S‘®-§mh Chzv¿ Cx CØUPzv¿ C∏U¯P∞¿ A¢u ¡¯P∞¿ C¯n®¶ CØUP®-£mh ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ıflP“ AvP ˜¡Pzv¿ Cflh∫ˆ|m C¯n®§¯⁄® ˆ£”ªıÆ. WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access: CxƒÆ J∏ ¡Ø∫ˆªÏ i‚m-h¿ PÆ≥¤˜PÂfl ]Ïh©ıSÆ. ¯¡ñ-§≤hfl J®§k¯P∞¿ Cx Cfl›Æ \ÿ÷ ˆ£õØ Chzv¿ CØ[SÆ. ¡Ø∫ˆªÏ §µım˜£sm C¯n®§¯⁄ Cu⁄ı¿ ¡«[P ïi≤Æ. Cu¯⁄ {¯ªØı⁄ J∏ Chz-v¿ A¯©zuı¿ 50Q´ yµÆ ¡¯µ Cufl ˆ\Ø¿£ık C∏USÆ. |P∫¢x ˆ\¿-æÆ ¡ıP⁄[PŒ¿ Cu¯⁄ A¯©zxa ˆ\Ø¿£kzuªıÆ. A®˜£ıx 5 ïu¿ 15 Q´ ¡¯µ∞ªı⁄ yµzv¿ Cx ˆ\Ø¿£kÆ. WAP - Wireless Application Protocol: Cflh∫ˆ|m C¯n®¶ ˆ£” J∏ ˆ©ı¯£¿ ˜£ıfl £Øfl£kzxÆ Ai®£¯h ˆuı»¿ ~m£Æ. ‚.§.B∫.GÏ. ©ÿ÷Æ Gm‰ ˆuı»¿ ~m£[P–hfl J®§k¯P∞¿ Cx GŒ¯©Øı⁄xÆ Ai®£¯hØı⁄xÆ BSÆ.

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EªPÕı¬Ø AÕ¬¿ AvPÆ £Øfl-£kzxÆ Tmkz ˆuıS®£ıP C∏¢uı¿ Av¿ E“Õ ˜¡∫m ˆuıS®¶ £Øfl£kz-xÆ |£∫PŒfl GsoU¯P∞¿ ïu¿ Chz-¯u® ˆ£ÿ÷“Õx. Azu¯PØ ˜¡∫m ˆuıS®¶ ufl ˆ¡“Œ ¬«ı¬¯⁄U ˆPıs--hıkQ”x. C¢u AÕ¬ÿS ˜|Ø∫-P¯ÕU ˆPısi∏USÆ ˜¡∫m BµÆ£ Pıªz-v¿ ™PƒÆ AhUP©ı⁄ J∏ ˆuıS®-£ıPz-uıfl C∏¢x ¡¢ux. Aufl ¡Õ∫a] uh[P¯Õ C[S PınªıÆ. 1983: ïu¿ ïuº¿ §®µ¡õ 1, 1983¿ uıfl ïu¿ ˜¡∫m ®µı\\õ¿ ¯©U˜µı\ı®m ˜¡¯ª-¯Øz ˆuıh[QØx. Aufl ˆ£Ø∫ Multitool Word BSÆ. §fl⁄∫ Aufl ˆ£Ø∫ Microsoft Word G⁄ ©ıÿ‘ A¯©UP®£mhx. C¢u ˆuıS®¶ 1983 BÆ Bsk AU˜hı£∫ 25¿ ˆ¡Œ-Øı⁄x. I.§.GÆ. ˆ£∫\⁄¿ PÆ®≥m-h∫-

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uµ®£h¬¿¯ª. Hfl? ñ˜P. ˜·ızÈ⁄ı, ˆ\fl¯⁄ C¢u i£ı¿m B®Âfl ˜¡∫m 2007æÆ E“Õx. B⁄ı¿ ¶vØ õ®£fl Cflh∫˜£Í¿ ˆ¡Œ®-£¯h-ØıPU Pımh® £h¬¿¯ª. £ısm hتıU £ıU-Í¿ C¢u i£ı¿m £ısm ¬¡Pıµz¯uU ¯PØıÕªıÆ. õ®-£¤¿ E“Õ £ısm §õ¬¿ R«ıP E“Õ ]‘Ø ˆ\∆¡Pz-v¿ E“Õ ïU˜Pınz-v¿ QŒU ˆ\¥vhƒÆ. Cx ˆuõج¿¯ª Gfl”ı¿ õ®-£¤¿ ˜ÌıÆ ˜h®-§¿ QŒU ˆ\¥vhƒÆ. C¢u IPı¯⁄® ˆ£÷¡v¿ H˜u›Æ ]µ©Æ C∏¢uı¿ Psm˜µı¿ + i (Ctrl+D) A zuƒÆ. Q¯hUSÆ hتıU £ıUÍ¿ ˜u¯¡Øı⁄ ©ıÿ”[P¯Õ Hÿ£kzv i£ı¿m £mh¯⁄ A zv ˜\∆ ˆ\¥vhƒÆ. |ıfl TS“ ˆ©∞¯ª Aufl ˆuıhUP Pıªzvº∏¢x £Øfl£kzv ¡∏Q˜”fl. Cfl £ıUÏ ˆ©∞¯ª ˜©˜⁄‰ ˆ\¥vh A¡ÿ÷US ˜£ı¿h∫P¯Õ Hÿ£kzv ¡¯P®£kzu ¬∏ƶQ˜”fl. AuÿPı⁄ ¡» Gfl⁄? ñ]. ¯\Øx C®µıÓÆ, ¶xa˜\õ TS“ ˆ©∞¿ ˆuıS®§¿ ˜£ı¿h∫ ¯¡zxU ˆPı“–Æ ¡\v uµ®£h¬¿¯ª. AuÿS® £vªıP ˜ª§¿ ˆPıkzx ˆ©∞¿P¯Õ ¡¯P®£kzu ïi≤Æ. Cx ˜£ı¿h∫P¯ÕU PımiæÆ ]”¢ux; Hˆ⁄fl”ı¿ J∏ ˆ©∞¯ª J∏ ˜£ı¿hõ¿uıfl ¯¡UP ïi≤Æ. B⁄ı¿ J∏ ˆ©∞æUS Jfl÷US ˜©ÿ£mh ˜ª§¿ ˆPıkUP ïi≤Æ. Aufl ˆ£ı∏“ ufl¯©¯Ø® ˆ£ı÷zxÆ A›®§Ø¡¯µ® ˆ£ı÷zxÆ G⁄ £ª ˜ª§¿P¯Õ E∏¡ıUPªıÆ. Cufl âªÆ J∏ ˆ©∞¿ £ª ˜ª§¿PŒ¿ ¯¡zx® £ı∫UPªıÆ. B⁄ı¿ Cfl£ıU¯È _zu©ıP ¯¡zxU ˆPı“Õ ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿ AuÿS J∏ ¡»¯Ø TS“ ˆ©∞¿ u¢x“Õx. Cv¿ E“Õ B∫UQ∆ (Archive) £mh¯⁄ A zv⁄ı¿ ˆ©∞¿ Cfl£ıUͺ∏¢x B∫UQ∆ G⁄®£kÆ ˜u[-SÆ ChzvÿS Gkzxa ˆ\¿ª®-£kÆ. A » U P ® £ h ©ımhıx. A[S E“Õ Cˆ©∞¿P¯Õ≤Æ ˜\∫zx \∫a ˆPıkUPªıÆ. J˜µ ïØÿ]∞¿ £ª ˆ©∞¿P¯Õ B∫U-Q∆ ˆPısk ˜\∫U-PªıÆ. u¡”ıP J∏ ˆ©∞¯ª B∫UQ∆ ˜\∫zx-¬m-hı¿ Au¯⁄ ´skÆ Cfl£ıUÏ ˆ£miU-SÆ ˆPısk ¡µªıÆ. ˜© 4, 2009

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£Øfl£ımifl ˜£ıx |Æ™hÆ C∏¢x uP¡¿P¯Õ® ˆ£ÿ÷ CØ[P ¬s˜hıÏ CØUPzv¿ G ¢x ¡∏Æ J∏ uP¡¿ ˜Pm¶ PmhÆ. ˜u¯¡®£kÆ uP¡¿P¯Õz uµ Cv¿ uØıµıP £i¡Æ ˜£ıª ¡i¡¯©UP®£mi∏USÆ. ISP Internet Service Provider: Cflh∫ˆ|m C¯n®¶ u¢x Cflh∫ˆ|m uÕ[P¯Õ® £ı∫¯¡∞h ¡\v u∏Æ J∏ {÷¡⁄Æ. C¢u C¯n®¶ ˜|µiØıP PƧ C¯n®£ıP˜¡ı A¿ªx ˆuı¯ª˜£] ¡»ØıP˜¡ı A¿ªx ¡Ø∫ˆªÏ ˜©ıhÆ ¡»ØıP˜¡ı C∏UPªıÆ. JPEG: £h[P–UPı⁄ ¯£¿ ¡i¡Æ. C¢u ¯£¿ £ı∫©mi¿ £h[P“ _∏UP®£mk §fl £ı∫U¯P∞¿ ¬õUP®£kQfl”⁄. Cu-⁄ı¿ C¢u ¡¯P ¯£¿PŒfl AÕƒ ©ÿ” £h ¯£¿PŒfl AÕ¬¯⁄U PımiæÆ S¯”¡ıP C∏USÆ. Cufl âªÆ £h ¯£¿P¯Õ® £õ©ı‘U ˆPı“¡x GŒx Motherboard: (©u∫˜£ı∫k) ˆ£∫\⁄¿ PÆ®≥mh∫ Jfl‘¿ A¯©UP®£kÆ ˆ£õØ AÕ¬ªı⁄ \∫U≥m ˜£ı∫k. Cv¿ uıfl PÆ®≥mhõfl J∆ˆ¡ı∏ \ıu⁄ïÆ C¯nUP®£kQ”x. ˜© 4, 2009

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¡uÿPıP PÆ®≥mh∫P¯Õ≤Æ \ı∫¢u \ıu⁄[P¯Õ≤Æ C¯nzx E∏¡ıU-P®£kÆ J∏ ¡¯ª®§fl⁄¿. Cx PƧP“ ¡»ØıPzuıfl C∏UP ˜¡skÆ Gfl£v¿¯ª. ¡Ø∫ˆªÏ ˆ|m-ˆ¡ı∫U-SP–Æ \ızvؘ©. Reboot: (üßm)PÆ®≥mh¯µ ´skÆ J∏ ﯔ ¶vuıP CØUSu¿. ˆ£ıx¡ıP C∆-¡ı÷ ´skÆ CØUS¡¯u Ïhı∫m ˆ©›¬¿ Q¯hUSÆ üÏhı∫m âªÆ CØUS¡ı∫P“. ˆ£∫\⁄¿ PÆ®≥mhõfl h¡õ¿ üÏhı∫m £mhfl uµ®£mi∏¢uıæÆ Au¯⁄ A zv≤Æ üÏhı∫m ˆ\¥-vhªıÆ .Psm˜µı¿ + B¿m+ ˆhΩm RP¯Õ A zv≤Æ C¢u üÏhı∫m ˆ\Ø¿£ımi¯⁄ ˜©ÿˆPı“Õ-ªıÆ. Registry : (ˆµ‚Ïmõ)¬s˜hıÏ CØUPzxhfl C¯n¢x A¯©UP®£mk“Õ J∏ ¯£¿. PÆ®≥mhõ¿ E“Õ A¯⁄zx Ìı∫m ˜¡∫ ©ÿ÷Æ \ı®m˜¡∫ S‘zu uP¡¿P¯Õ E“ÕhUQØ ¯£¿. Cv¿ |ı©ıP ©ıÿ”[P“ Hÿ£kzxÆ ïfl Cufl ˜£U A® Pı®§ Jfl¯” GkzxU ˆPı“¡x |¿ªx. ¶˜µı-QµıÆPŒfl Ai®£¯ha ˆ\Ø¿£ımi¿ ©ıÿ”[P¯Õ ˜©ÿˆPı“Õ

C¢u ¯£º¿ E“Õ ¡õPŒ¿ uıfl ©ıÿ”[P¯Õ ˜©ÿˆPı“Õ ˜¡skÆ. SPAM: (Ϙ£Æ)Gfl£x ˜u¯¡Øÿ” |©UˆP⁄ G u®£hıu B⁄ı¿ |Æ ïP¡õUS A›®£® £kÆ J∏ w[S ¬¯Õ¬USÆ ˆ©∞¿ Piu©ıSÆ. Cˆ©∞¿ ¡\v∞¿ JmiU ˆPısk“Õ ™P® ˆ£õØ w[S Cxuıfl. J∏¡õfl Cˆ-©∞¿ Cfl£ıUÍ¿ C¯¡ ˆ\fl÷ Aufl Chz¯u® §izxU ˆPı“¡xhfl PÆ®≥mh∏USÆ w[S ¬¯Õ¬UPı©¿ C∏UP |ıÆ £Ø∫¡ı¿ (Firewall) £Øfl£kzxQ˜”ıÆ. A¿ªx Bflmi ¯¡µÏ ¶˜µıQµıÆ £Øfl£kzxQ˜”ıÆ. C¡ÿ‘fl ¡»ØıPzuıfl A¯⁄zx Cˆ©∞¿P–Æ Ph¢x ˆ\¿ª ˜¡skÆ. C¯¡ CµskÆ A¯⁄zx Cˆ©∞¿P¯Õ≤Æ ˜\ıu¯⁄ ˆ\¥Qfl”⁄. Cˆ©-∞-æhfl C¯nUP®£mk ¡∏Æ Am-hıaˆ©flm Gfl›Æ ¯£¿P¯Õ ≤Æ ˜\ıu¯⁄ ˆ\¥Qfl”⁄. \¢˜uP®£kÆ ¡¯P∞¿ H˜u›Æ ˆ©∞¿ A¿ªx Amhıaˆ©sm C∏¢-uı¿ Eh˜⁄ Au¯⁄ S¡ıµs¯hfl Gfl›Æ £ıxPı®£ı⁄ Chzv¿ ¯¡zx Ax Øı∏UPıP A›®£®-£mk“-Õ˜uı A¡∏US uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬UQfl”⁄.

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ˆ\¥vuıfl ¶x_. C˜uı A¢u ¯©Øzv¿ £Øfl£kzuU TiØ Âı∫m Pm R ˆuıS®¶P“. Ctrl + I – ˜£¡õm uÕ[P¯Õz v”UP Ctrl + Shift + I – pinned mode Gfl” ¡¯P∞¿ ˜£¡õm uÕ[P¯Õz v”UP Ctrl + B – ˜£¡õm uÕ[P¯Õ ¡¯P®£kzu Ctrl + D – A®˜£ıx £ı∫zxU ˆPısi∏USÆ uÕzv¯⁄ ˜£¡õm ˆuıS®§¿ ˜\∫UP Ctrl + J – B∫.GÏ.GÏ. pinned mode ¿ •mÏ v”UP Ctrl + Shift + J – pinned mode ¿ •mÏ v”UP Ctrl + H – ÓÏhõ v”UP Ctrl + Shift + H – pinned mode ¿ ÓÏhõ v”UP

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Computer Malar Supplement Issue of Dinamalar Dated MAY 4, 2009 Regd .No.TN/Chief Pmg .243