Computer Project

History of computers  Name: B.L.Narasimhan  Class: IX  Sec: “B”  School: S.Cadambi Vidya Kendra.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I gratefully acknowledge the help rendered by my parents for powering various inputs for preparing this project. My thanks are also to our beloved Sir. Mr. . Bharath who guided me in doing this project. I specially thank our principal who allowed us to do this project.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION 

What is a pc ?

Ans: A PC is an electronic device which process data.  A PC is an electronic device which produces reliable and accurate results at high speeds.  A PC is an electronic machine which takes a proper input and gives an output. The life cycle of a computer is INPUT, PROCESS & OUTPUT

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS .  Ist generation computers were vacuum tubes(1950-1960).  IInd generation computers were transisters(19601970).  IIIrd generation computers were IC Chips{ (Integrated Circuits)(1980-1990)}.  IV th generation computers MUP {(Microprocessors) (A complete circuitry in a single chip is called as microprocessors)}  V generation computers are LST, SST, MST, VLSI, after 1990.

The first use of the word “computer” was recorded in 1613which referred to a person who carried out calculations ,and the word continued to be used in that sense until the end of the 20th centaury. From the end of the 19th century onwards though, the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, describing a machine that carries out computations. Before World War II, mechanical and electrical analog computers were considered the "state of the art", and many thought they were the future of computing.

They model physical phenomena with electrical voltages and currents[28] as the analog quantities. 1. When was the first computer invented ?  The Z1 originally created by Germany's Konrad Zuse in his parents living room in 1936 to 1938 is considered to be the first electrical binary programmable computer.  The ENIAC was invented by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania and began construction in 1943 and was not completed until 1946. It occupied about 1,800 square feet and used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighing almost 50 tons. Although the Judge ruled that the ABC computer was the first digital computer many still consider the ENIAC to be the first digital computer.

 The early British computer known as the EDSAC is considered to be the first stored program electronic computer. The computer performed its first calculation on May 6, 1949 and was the computer that ran the first graphical computer game.  In 1975 Ed Roberts coined the term personal computer when he introduced the Altair 8800. Although the first personal computer is considered to be the Kenback-1, which was first introduced for $750 in 1971. The computer relied on a series of switches for inputting data and output data by turning on and off a series of lights.  The Micral is considered the be the first commercial nonassembly computer. The computer used the Intel 8008 processor and sold for $1,750 in 1973.

 In 1953 IBM shipped its first electric computer, the 701. Later IBM introduced its first personal computer called the "IBM PC" in 1981. The computer was code named and still sometimes referred to as the "Acorn" and had a 8088 processor, 16 KB of memory, which was expandable to 256 and utilizing MS-DOS.  The first PC clone was developed by Compaq, the "Compaq Portable" was release in March 1983 and was 100% compatible with IBM computers and software that ran on IBM computers.  The first computer company was the Electronic Controls Company and was founded in 1949 by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the same individuals who helped create the ENIAC computer. The company was later renamed to EMCC or Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and released a series of mainframe computers under the UNIVAC name.

Below is a listing of some of the major computers companies first computers: Compaq - March 1983 Compaq released its first computer and the first 100% IBM compatible computer the "Compaq Portable."  Digital - In 1960 Digital Equipment Corporation released its first of many PDP computers the "PDP-1."  Dell - In 1985 Dell introduced its first computer, the "Turbo PC.“  Hewlett Packard - In 1966 Hewlett Packard released its first general computer, the "HP-2115.“  NEC - In 1958 NEC builds its first computer the "NEAC 1101."  Toshiba - In 1954 Toshiba introduces its first computer, the "TAC" digital computer

USES OF COMPUTERS.  With ever increasing availability of more complex and dynamic operating systems, the primary use of a computer is only limited to the imagination and technical knowhow of the user.  Some examples of use in the home:  * Network attached storage (Linux distribution named FreeNAS)  * Media Server (Hewlett-Packard makes a dedicated version of this)  * Graphics design (Adobe is the forefront in design software)  * Architectural design (AutoCAD leads this category)  * On-line banking (savings, loans, insurance, credit, mutual funds...)  * Gaming (always fun, sometimes aggravating)

Knowledge sharing (WikiAnswers, Wikipedia, Lifehacker, Gizmodo) * Science (Folding@Home is a great example of home-based cloud computing) The list goes on. These are just a few examples. Use your imagination, and chances are someone is using a computer in their home somewhere for that purpose.