Computer Parts
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- Pages: 34
It’s All About Computers……
AMRITH KRISHNA, XI Sci
BEGIN SHOW
……A PROJECT BY
Skip Intro
BEFORE BEGINNING KNOW YOUR COMPUTER & MAKE IT YOUR FRIEND
10/22/08
2
Computers • Computers are automatic electronic devices that can perform complex tasks by breaking them into simple calculations and doing them extremely quickly .They have the ability to store , manipulate , and communicate information . Computers had a massive impact on our lives.
10/22/08
3
LET’S CHECK OUT
WHAT’S INSIDE A COMPUTER
10/22/08
4
Computer Case • The part of the PC that you actually see is the case • It is officially called the "system unit,“ but generally called as the case.
10/22/08
5
Motherboard • Everything is connected to the motherboard • A motherboard is a thin, flat piece of circuit board, usually of green or gold color, usually slightly larger than a piece of paper.
10/22/08
6
CPU • The CPU (Central Processing Unit, also called the microprocessor) is where all the calculations take place in the PC. • CPUs will be either PGA (Pin Grid Array) or SEC (Single Edge Cartridge).
10/22/08
7
RAM (Random Access Memory) • RAM (Random Access Memory) is where theCPU stores programsand data that it iscurrently using. • RAM is measured in unitscalled "bytes“ and"megabytes."
10/22/08
8
Read Only Memory • When you switch on a computer, a program that is permanently stored in the ROM checks the computer and makes it ready for use. The ROM’s program cannot be changed.
10/22/08
9
Hard Drive • Hard drives store programs and data that are not currently being used by the CPU. • Hard drive capacity is measured in megabytes and gigabytes.
10/22/08
10
Hard Drive • The capacity of a single hard drive can vary from as low as 10 megabytes (very old systems) up to 40,80,120 or more gigabytes. • There are two common types of hard drives: IDE and SCSI.
10/22/08
11
Hard Drive • Any PC might have IDE, SCSI or both installed. • IDE drives use a roughly 1.5“ wide, 40-pin ribbon cable • SCSI drives will use a roughly 2" wide, 50-pin cable • IDE supports up to two hard drives per controller.
10/22/08
12
Hard Drive • Each ribbon cable has two connectors for hard drives. • With two controllers, each controlling two drives, a PC can support up to four IDE drives.
10/22/08
13
CD-ROM Drive • CD-ROM drives enable the system to access CDROM disks. CD-ROM drives are quite large, usually the single largest component inside the PC. • They are connected with an IDE cable to an IDE controller.
10/22/08
14
Floppy Drive • The floppy drive enables to access floppy diskettes. • Floppy ribbon cables are the narrowest ribbon cable, only slightly more than 1" wide. • There is a twist in the cable, usually close to where the floppy cable is connected to the floppy drive.
10/22/08
15
Floppy Drive • A PC can support up to two floppy drives.
•If a PC has two floppy drives, they will be connected to the same ribbon cable.
10/22/08
16
Power Supply • The Power Supply provides the necessary electrical power to make • The vast of power the majority PC operate. supplies are about the of a standard shoebox cut •size It takes 110involt half areand usually gray it AC and power converts metal colored. intoor 12, 5, and sometimes 3.3 volt DC power.
10/22/08
17
Power Supply Cable
• Every drive needs to be connected to a power connector. • There are several power connectors on one power supply cable.
10/22/08
18
Connectors • There are many types of connectors (often called "ports") that different devices use. • Although there are close to 50 different connectors used with PCs, almost all connectors break down into these types: "DB," "DIN," "Centronics," "RJ, "USB, " and "Audio."
10/22/08
19
Keyboard and Mouse Connection • All PCs have a keyboard port directly connected to the motherboard. • Two types of keyboard connectors: – DIN type connector popularly known as the "ATstyle“ – PS/2 style“ or mini-DIN
10/22/08
20
Keyboard and Mouse Connection
• PS/2 style mini-DIN is for both the keyboard and mouse • Each mini-DIN socket is clearly marked as to its correct use
10/22/08
21
Universal Serial Bus (USB) • USB ports can handle many more devices Keyboards Mouse Digital cameras Printers Data Cable And many more…
10/22/08
22
DB Type Connectors • They have a slight D shape, designed to allow only one proper way to insert the plug into the socket. • Each DB connector has groups of small pins and sockets which insert as a group. • DB connectors can have from 9 up to 37 pins.
10/22/08
23
DIN Connectors • DIN connectors are a European design that is also common on every PC. • These connectors are round and come in only two common sizes: DIN and Mini- DIN.
10/22/08
24
Centronics Connector • Centronics connectors use one large central tab, covered with contacts instead of pins although, the word "pins" is still used to describe the number of contacts. • Centronics connectors are also distinct in that the sockets have wire "wings" that lock the plug to the socket to reduce the chance of accidental removal.
10/22/08
25
RJ Type Plug • •The plastic used Thelittle phone jackplug is the RJto connect telephone 11. It isyour used almost wire to the jackforismodems. a classic exclusively example of an RJ type plug. • RJ-45 is used for one very • Two typestype of RJ popular of jacks network used in PCs: RJ-11 and cabling and the most network the RJ-45. cards have a RJ-45 socket.
10/22/08
26
Audio Connectors
• Audio connectors are perhaps the simplest of all. • Use to plug into soundcards.
10/22/08
27
Sound Card Connection In order to play and record ••Soundcards perform two sounds, a soundcard needs functions; connect least to a set 2)to they takeatdigital • Soundcards willand have of speakers and a it15information turn pin into DB socket that enables microphone. sound, outputting youthe to sound connect electronic through musicalhave four •speakers. Soundcards instruments. for mini-type 3)sockets They take sound, audio inputted jacks: through a –microphone, Microphone,and Speaker, turn it Linedigital In, and Line Out. into data.
10/22/08
28
Sound Card • The Microphone and • Most PCs will have a small Speaker connect a microphone and speakers. cable running between the soundcard and the CD-ROM to enable the CD-ROM to • Line In enables a soundcard to record from a play audio CD-ROMs through stereo, tape recorder, etc. the soundcard. • Turning your PC into a • Line Out enables the stereo system! soundcard to output to those same type of devices.
10/22/08
29
Video Card
• The video card will have a distinct 15-pin DB connector. • While most DB connectors will have only two rows of pins, the video card will have three rows.
10/22/08
30
Network Card ••ANetworks NIC will are be connected PCs that shareby information. distinguished having PCs are usually oneThe of the following types connected by some type of of connectors: cabling, – RJ-45usually an advanced type – 15-pin DBof phone – 9-pincable DB. or coax. – It is very common to see • Network cards (NICs) NICs with more than one provide the interface between connector. the network and the PC.
10/22/08
31
Modem • A modem works with • An external modem your telephone line. sits outside the PC and is plugged into a • A modem is designed serial port. to translate analog telephone signals into • Modems have RJ-11 digital serial data. sockets.
10/22/08
32
Serial Port • It takes a stream of serial data and converts it into a format that is easily understood by the CPU. • The serial connector was and is either a 25- or a 9pin male DB connector. • You can get an adapter that enables you to convert 9 to 25 or 25 to 9.
10/22/08
33
AN AMRITH POWER PRESENTATION
10/22/08
EXIT END
AMRITH KRISHNA, XI Sci
BEGIN SHOW
……A PROJECT BY
Skip Intro
BEFORE BEGINNING KNOW YOUR COMPUTER & MAKE IT YOUR FRIEND
10/22/08
2
Computers • Computers are automatic electronic devices that can perform complex tasks by breaking them into simple calculations and doing them extremely quickly .They have the ability to store , manipulate , and communicate information . Computers had a massive impact on our lives.
10/22/08
3
LET’S CHECK OUT
WHAT’S INSIDE A COMPUTER
10/22/08
4
Computer Case • The part of the PC that you actually see is the case • It is officially called the "system unit,“ but generally called as the case.
10/22/08
5
Motherboard • Everything is connected to the motherboard • A motherboard is a thin, flat piece of circuit board, usually of green or gold color, usually slightly larger than a piece of paper.
10/22/08
6
CPU • The CPU (Central Processing Unit, also called the microprocessor) is where all the calculations take place in the PC. • CPUs will be either PGA (Pin Grid Array) or SEC (Single Edge Cartridge).
10/22/08
7
RAM (Random Access Memory) • RAM (Random Access Memory) is where theCPU stores programsand data that it iscurrently using. • RAM is measured in unitscalled "bytes“ and"megabytes."
10/22/08
8
Read Only Memory • When you switch on a computer, a program that is permanently stored in the ROM checks the computer and makes it ready for use. The ROM’s program cannot be changed.
10/22/08
9
Hard Drive • Hard drives store programs and data that are not currently being used by the CPU. • Hard drive capacity is measured in megabytes and gigabytes.
10/22/08
10
Hard Drive • The capacity of a single hard drive can vary from as low as 10 megabytes (very old systems) up to 40,80,120 or more gigabytes. • There are two common types of hard drives: IDE and SCSI.
10/22/08
11
Hard Drive • Any PC might have IDE, SCSI or both installed. • IDE drives use a roughly 1.5“ wide, 40-pin ribbon cable • SCSI drives will use a roughly 2" wide, 50-pin cable • IDE supports up to two hard drives per controller.
10/22/08
12
Hard Drive • Each ribbon cable has two connectors for hard drives. • With two controllers, each controlling two drives, a PC can support up to four IDE drives.
10/22/08
13
CD-ROM Drive • CD-ROM drives enable the system to access CDROM disks. CD-ROM drives are quite large, usually the single largest component inside the PC. • They are connected with an IDE cable to an IDE controller.
10/22/08
14
Floppy Drive • The floppy drive enables to access floppy diskettes. • Floppy ribbon cables are the narrowest ribbon cable, only slightly more than 1" wide. • There is a twist in the cable, usually close to where the floppy cable is connected to the floppy drive.
10/22/08
15
Floppy Drive • A PC can support up to two floppy drives.
•If a PC has two floppy drives, they will be connected to the same ribbon cable.
10/22/08
16
Power Supply • The Power Supply provides the necessary electrical power to make • The vast of power the majority PC operate. supplies are about the of a standard shoebox cut •size It takes 110involt half areand usually gray it AC and power converts metal colored. intoor 12, 5, and sometimes 3.3 volt DC power.
10/22/08
17
Power Supply Cable
• Every drive needs to be connected to a power connector. • There are several power connectors on one power supply cable.
10/22/08
18
Connectors • There are many types of connectors (often called "ports") that different devices use. • Although there are close to 50 different connectors used with PCs, almost all connectors break down into these types: "DB," "DIN," "Centronics," "RJ, "USB, " and "Audio."
10/22/08
19
Keyboard and Mouse Connection • All PCs have a keyboard port directly connected to the motherboard. • Two types of keyboard connectors: – DIN type connector popularly known as the "ATstyle“ – PS/2 style“ or mini-DIN
10/22/08
20
Keyboard and Mouse Connection
• PS/2 style mini-DIN is for both the keyboard and mouse • Each mini-DIN socket is clearly marked as to its correct use
10/22/08
21
Universal Serial Bus (USB) • USB ports can handle many more devices Keyboards Mouse Digital cameras Printers Data Cable And many more…
10/22/08
22
DB Type Connectors • They have a slight D shape, designed to allow only one proper way to insert the plug into the socket. • Each DB connector has groups of small pins and sockets which insert as a group. • DB connectors can have from 9 up to 37 pins.
10/22/08
23
DIN Connectors • DIN connectors are a European design that is also common on every PC. • These connectors are round and come in only two common sizes: DIN and Mini- DIN.
10/22/08
24
Centronics Connector • Centronics connectors use one large central tab, covered with contacts instead of pins although, the word "pins" is still used to describe the number of contacts. • Centronics connectors are also distinct in that the sockets have wire "wings" that lock the plug to the socket to reduce the chance of accidental removal.
10/22/08
25
RJ Type Plug • •The plastic used Thelittle phone jackplug is the RJto connect telephone 11. It isyour used almost wire to the jackforismodems. a classic exclusively example of an RJ type plug. • RJ-45 is used for one very • Two typestype of RJ popular of jacks network used in PCs: RJ-11 and cabling and the most network the RJ-45. cards have a RJ-45 socket.
10/22/08
26
Audio Connectors
• Audio connectors are perhaps the simplest of all. • Use to plug into soundcards.
10/22/08
27
Sound Card Connection In order to play and record ••Soundcards perform two sounds, a soundcard needs functions; connect least to a set 2)to they takeatdigital • Soundcards willand have of speakers and a it15information turn pin into DB socket that enables microphone. sound, outputting youthe to sound connect electronic through musicalhave four •speakers. Soundcards instruments. for mini-type 3)sockets They take sound, audio inputted jacks: through a –microphone, Microphone,and Speaker, turn it Linedigital In, and Line Out. into data.
10/22/08
28
Sound Card • The Microphone and • Most PCs will have a small Speaker connect a microphone and speakers. cable running between the soundcard and the CD-ROM to enable the CD-ROM to • Line In enables a soundcard to record from a play audio CD-ROMs through stereo, tape recorder, etc. the soundcard. • Turning your PC into a • Line Out enables the stereo system! soundcard to output to those same type of devices.
10/22/08
29
Video Card
• The video card will have a distinct 15-pin DB connector. • While most DB connectors will have only two rows of pins, the video card will have three rows.
10/22/08
30
Network Card ••ANetworks NIC will are be connected PCs that shareby information. distinguished having PCs are usually oneThe of the following types connected by some type of of connectors: cabling, – RJ-45usually an advanced type – 15-pin DBof phone – 9-pincable DB. or coax. – It is very common to see • Network cards (NICs) NICs with more than one provide the interface between connector. the network and the PC.
10/22/08
31
Modem • A modem works with • An external modem your telephone line. sits outside the PC and is plugged into a • A modem is designed serial port. to translate analog telephone signals into • Modems have RJ-11 digital serial data. sockets.
10/22/08
32
Serial Port • It takes a stream of serial data and converts it into a format that is easily understood by the CPU. • The serial connector was and is either a 25- or a 9pin male DB connector. • You can get an adapter that enables you to convert 9 to 25 or 25 to 9.
10/22/08
33
AN AMRITH POWER PRESENTATION
10/22/08
EXIT END
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