Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware

Pentium IV

Processor Characteristics • • • • • • • • • •

Speed Pin configuration Cache sizes Base clock Enhanced clock E/B ratio Mother boards FSB speed RAM support Virtual memory support Sockets

Processors • • • • • • • •

4004 8008 8085 8086 8088 80186 80286 80386

• • • • • • • •

80486 Pentium I,II,III,IV Xeon Itanium AMD Athlon AMD Duron Cyrix Sun Sparc

Intel x86 versions Version

Arch

Speed

L1

RAM

FSB

Trans

80186

16 bit

12.5Mhz

---

1MB

3 MHz

0.5

80286

16 bit

12.5MHz

---

16MB

3 MHz

1.34

80386

32 bit

33MHz

---

4 GB

8 MHz

2.75

80486

32 bit

100Mhz

8KB

4GB

16

6

Intel Processors Version Arch

Speed

L2

RAM

FSB

I

32 bit

300 MHz

16 KB

> 4 GB 60 MHz

3.21 m

II

32 bit

600 MHz

128, 256

> 4 GB 100 MHz

7.5 mil

Celeron

32bit

1.3 GHz

128 KB

> 4 GB 133 MHz

9.5 mil

III

32 bit

1.7 GHz

128 KB

> 4 GB 133 MHz

28 mil

Xeon

32 bit

2.0 GHz

256,512

> 4 GB 266 MHz

32 mil

IV

32 bit

3 GHz

256 KB

> 4 GB 400 MHz

42 mil

Itanium

64 bit

3 + GHz

2,4 MB

> 8GB

50 mil

800 GHz

Trans

Different Categories of same CPU

Motherboard • Significance of Motherboard • Chipsets & I/O processors • Voltage levels • Form factors AT and ATX • Bus Architecture

Bus Architectures

Bus type

ISA

PCI

AGP

No of pins

62

188

132

Speed

4.77 MHz

33 MHz

66 MHz

DTR

5 MBps

132 MBps

264 MBps

Integrated Bus Support

Random-access Memory • • • •

Structure of RAM Pin configuration SPD Processor Flip-Flop and Capacitor Architecture • Refresh rates • SIMM & DIMM slots • DRAMS, SDRAM, RAMBUS, ECC-RAM, NV-RAM,DDR-RAM, SRAMS differences and access times

SIMM RAM

Read-Only Memory • ROM or BIOS or CMOS • PROM • EPROM • EEPROM • Flash ROM

Cache memory • Location in a PC • Access times • Levels of Cache • Why Levels?

Cables

Hard Disk

Floppy Disk Drives External

Internal

CD Drives • Speeds ranging from upto 52X • Also magneto optical drives and • DVD

Ports • Female and male ports

• Parallel,Serial & PS/2

• USB ports

Internal modem

Cable modem

Modems • Used to access remote data • Connects through the telephone line or a leased line • Both external and internal modems are available • Speed range from upto 256 kbps

AGP card

AGP slot

Network Interface Card

SCSI Controller

EIDE

SCSI • Onboard as well as external are available

•

Onboard • Average access time = 7 ms

•

Average access time = 15 ms • 15000 RPM

•

5400 RPM • 18 GB costs Rs 15,000

•

40 GB costs Rs 4500

•

Maximun 4 drives

•

Produces less heat

•

All drives are internal

• Upto 15 drives • Produce more heat • Internal as well as external HARD DISK DRIVES • Hardware level RAID

•

No RAID

Insertion of a card in your PC

SMPS •

Switched Mode Power Supply

•

Phase,neutral & earth sockets

•

Power Supply control

UPS • Types • Differences

Online UPS

Off line UPS

Server Side Hardware

Main vendors • • • •

IBM SUN HP Intel

Workstation • Usually 1 CPU

•

Onboard cards such as NIC/SCSI controllers are usually not available

Server •

Scalable to any number of cpu’s normally upto 64 cpu’s.

•

Comes with every thing built in and provides many extra slots for further enhancements.

•

Can support upto 126 HDD’s

•

chasis Rs 40,000

•

NIC is 1Gbps or 10 Gbps

• 1 to 4 HDD’s

• Chasis = Rs 750 – Rs 2000 • NIC is 10Mbps or 100 Mbps

Hardware Characteristics of a Server • Multi Processor • SCSI storage • Disk Arrays • Itelligent Storage Arrays • Fail Safe

Directly Attached Storage Server Storage Array Hub

Clients

Network Attached Storage ISA

Server Hub

Clients

Cluster setup using Storage Area Network

Intelligent Storage Array

Any questions ??????????

Thank you