Complete Grup B Socso

JABATAN KESIHATAN MASYARAKAT FAKULTI PERUBATAN UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA

S

SOCSO CASE STUDY FFFF 3625 SESI 2008/2009 KUMPULAN B KUALA SELANGOR

AHLI-AHLI KUMPULAN 1. SHARIFAH KHADIJAH BT SYED UBAIDILLAH 2. MOHAMAD FAIZAL BIN MOHD HAZASHAH 3. MOHD MUHAIMIN BIN ABDULLAH 4. NOR AISHAH BT BAHARUM 5. NELSON SOON SIE CHUNG 6. CARYN LEONG JIA WERN 7. NOR HAFIZA BT AHMAD 8. NURHANIM BT YAHAYA 9. BOEY CHING YEEN 10. WONG YEE MING

A113539 A115070 A113600 A114904 A115242 A114256 A114673 A113606 A111301 A111010

1|Page

Table of Contents Introduction Of Study................................................. ........................3 Chapter 1- Introduction to SOCSO.......................................................4 Chapter 2- Patient’s Information.......................................................18 Chapter 3- Family Data................................... ..................................21 Chapter 4- Home Visit......................................................... ..............26 Chapter 5- Workplace.................................... ...................................34 Chapter 6- Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994..........................40 Chapter 8- Recommendations......................................................... ...46 References.............................................................. ..................50

2|Page

INTRODUCTION OF STUDY The objectives of our case study are: 1. To have a better view on SOCSO function, to whom it is applicable to and the benefits that the insured person eligible to apply to incase of any work related injury or disease. 2. To educate to patient about SOCSO so that they understand their right as the insured person for SOCSO. 3. Give us an early exposure as a future doctor on what SOCSO is all about and how it related with patient and what is our function. In this task we have to make a case report regarding SOCSO case. We must find a patient that have work related injury or disease and I relation with SOCSO. Firstly, we will discuss about the patient clinically where we will explain on his injuries, his medical history and his status now biologically, physically, psychosocially. Next subtopic of this report we will explain on SOCSO. First by explaining briefly what is the function of SOCSO, then we will relate it with this patient from the start where we will explain the process of applying for SOCSO benefit specific to this patient until the total benefits that this patient eligible to get. By the end of this report we will discuss on our role in case of these kind of case happens in our daily life as a doctor.

3|Page

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION TO SOCSO 1.1

The Coverage Provided To an Insured Person by SOCSO Under ESSA 1969 •

An insured person or dependants will be entitled to the following benefits :

•

Periodical payments in the case of invalidity

•

Periodical payments in the case of disablement suffered as a result of an employment injury

•

Periodical payments to the dependants of an insured person who dies as a result of an employment injury

•

Payments for funeral benefit or expense on the death of an insured person as a result of an employment injury

•

Periodical payments to an insured person who is in receipt of invalidity pension or disablement benefit and is so severely incapacitated or disabled as to require the personal attendance of another person

•

Medical treatments for the attendance on insured persons suffering from disablement

•

Periodical payments to dependants of an insured person who dies while in receipt of invalidity pension

1.2

SCHEMES UNDER SOCSO

SOCSO provides coverage to eligible employees through 2 schemes namely : 1.

Employment Injury Insurance Scheme (EIIS)

2.

Invalidity Pension Scheme (IPS)

These schemes are classified into 2 categories: 4|Page

First category • • •

Comprises of EIIS and IPS. The contribution payment is made by both the employer and employee. The employer contributes 1.75% salary while the employee contributes 0.5% of the salary. Second category •

Comprises of EIIS only.

•

The contribution is paid by the employer only by contributing 1.75% salary.

•

An employee who is not eligible for coverage under the Invalidity Pension Scheme is protected under this category.

1.2..1

Employment Injury Insurance Scheme (EIIS)

The EIIS provide coverage for : 1. Travelling (Commuting accident) •

On route between the place of residence and workplace

•

Between the workplace the place where the employee takes meals

•

On a journey directly connected to work

Except for accident that occur during a stoppage for personal reasons

2. Arising out of and in the course of employment •

While performing official duty at workplace which arise out of the employment

3. Occupational disease •

Expose to various hazards by the nature of his duty

Benefits provided under the EIIS

1. Medical Benefit •

If an employee contracts any occupational disease or meet with an accident, he is entitled to treatment at SOCSO panel clinic or any government hospital 5|Page

•

To get a free treatment, the employee must bring along their: a) Accident Report (Form 21) or an Identification b) Letter from his employer/Report of OD Form 68 & Form 6

•

Where the employee initially receives treatment in a SOCSO Panel Clinic, treatment must be continued at the same clinic until recovery or unless he is referred to a Government Hospital.

•

In the event of serious injury, the treatment should be at the nearest government hospital.

•

Employee is eligible for second class ward treatment at the hospital.

•

Reimbursement for medical expenditure incurred at a non SOCSO Panel Clinic may only be submitted for consideration.

2. Temporary Disablement Benefit •

This benefit will pay for the period the employee is on medical leave if he has been certified by a doctor to be unfit to work for 4 days.

•

The daily rate of this benefit is equivalent to 80% of the average assumed daily wage. However, they will be paid a minimum of RM10 and for those who exceeds RM1900 per month will be paid a maximum rate of RM52 per day.

3. Permanent Disablement Benefit •

For employee who has been certified by the Medical Board to be suffering from permanent disablement as a result of an employment injury.

•

The daily rate of this benefit is equivalent to 90% of the average assumed daily wage to a minimum of RM10.

•

They can claim the benefit paid as a lump sum if the permanent disablement is assessed to be 20% or less. If it exceeds 20%, the employee can choose to exchange 1/5 of the daily rate of permanent disablement benefit into a lump sum payment while the balance will be paid as a monthly pension for life.

6|Page

•

Claim can be made within 12 months from the date of Final Medical Certificate Issued.

•

While receiving this benefit, an employee may continue to work.

•

If the Insured or SOCSO is not satisfied with the decision of the Medical Board made, an appeal can be made at the Appealate Medical Board within 90 days from the date notification to the insured.

4. Constant Attendance Allowance •

For employee who is suffering from permanent total disablement or 100% loss of earning capacity and requires the personal attendance of another person.

•

Subject to a maximum of RM500, the allowance is equivalent to 40% of the rate of permanent total disablement benefit.

•

The Medical Board will determine the eligibility for this allowance

•

Payment will be paid directly to the recipient.

5. Funeral Benefits •

For employee who dies due to employment injury or while receiving disablement benefit.

•

RM1500 will be given to eligible next-of-kin.

•

If there are no next-of-kin, the person who incurred the funeral expenditure will be given the maximum amount of the benefit which is the actual amount incurred or RM1500, whichever is lower.

6. Rehabilitation Benefit •

For employee who suffers from permanent disablement, SOCSO will provide facilities for vocational and physical rehabilitation.

•

Physical rehabilitation includes physiotherapy, occupational therapy, reconstructive surgery, and supply of artificial limps and other prosthetic appliances, including their repair and replacement.

7|Page

•

If he is unable to find a suitable job due to his condition, he can apply to undergo vocational training in courses such as radio or TV repairs, metal trade and etc.

•

SOCSO will bear all expenses incurred for the purpose of vocational and physical rehabilitation based on rates and conditions determined by SOCSO.

7. Dependent’s Benefit •

If an employee dies due to employment injury, his dependants are entitled to this benefit.

•

Subject to a minimum rate of RM10 per day, the full daily rate of dependants' benefit is 90% of the average assumed daily wage.

•

Where there is no widow, widower or an eligible child, the following persons can receive the benefits if they depend wholly or partially on the employee's income at the time of his death.

8. Educational Benefit •

For children of a permanent disablement benefit receiver that want to pursue their studies in certificate, diploma or bachelor in higher learning institute.

1.2.2

The Invalidity Pension Scheme ( IPS )

IPS provides a 24-hour coverage to employees against invalidity and death due to any cause not connected with employment before the age of 55 years.

Benefits provided under the IPS 1.

Invalidity Pension •

Invalidity here means a serious disease or disablement of a permanent nature that is either incurable or not likely to be cured, causing an employee to be unable to earn at least 1/3 of what a normally able person could earn.

8|Page

•

Heart attack, kidney failure, cancer, mental illness, chronic asthma and other similar conditions are chronic illnesses or diseases that could be considered for invalidity.

•

The following conditions must be fulfilled by an employee to be eligible for Invalidity Pension : •

at the time the notice of invalidity is received, the employee has not completed the age of 55 years.

•

if the employee has completed the age of 55 years when the notice of invalidity is received, such employee has to provide proof that the invalidity occurred before 55 years and he had ceased employment at that time.

•

certified as an invalid by a Medical Board or Appellate Medical Board has fulfilled the contribution qualifying conditions.

There are 2 contribution qualifying conditions :

1. Full qualifying condition •

An employee is deemed to have fulfilled the conditions of full contribution qualification if: 

Before the month in which the notice of invalidity is received, an employee's monthly contributions within a period of 40 consecutive months must be at least 24 months.



An employee has made monthly contributions for at least 2/3 of the number of full months in the period between the date of first coverage under the Invalidity Pension Scheme and the date the notice of invalidity is received by SOCSO. This is subject to the condition that the total number of monthly contributions made during the stated period, is at least 24.

9|Page

•

The employee is qualified to receive the pension with the rate of 50-65% of the average monthly salary.

2. Reduced qualifying condition •

An employee is deemed to have the reduced qualifying condition if: An employee has made monthly contributions for not less than 1/3 of the



number of full months in the period between the date of first coverage under the Invalidity Pension Scheme and the date the notice of invalidity is received by SOCSO. Before the month in which the notice of invalidity is received, an employee's



monthly contributions must be at least 24 months. •

The employee is qualified to receive the pension with the lower rate of 50% of the average monthly salary.

•

2.

Minimum pension is RM 250 per month.

Invalidity Grant •

This is an outright payment paid to worker or employee who does not qualify for the Invalidity Pension, as he does not meet any of the contribution qualifying conditions stated, but has made at least 12 monthly contributions.

•

It is equivalent to the total amount of contributions paid by the employee and the employer for the Invalidity Pension Scheme including the interest thereof.

3.

Constant Attendance Allowance •

For employee who is severely incapacitated and requires constant personal attendance, the recipient of Invalidity Pension is also entitled to Constant Attendance Allowance.

•

The Medical Board or an Appellate Medical Board will decide on the eligibility to receive this allowance and will pay the recipient of the benefit directly.

10 | P a g e

•

Subject to a maximum of RM500 per month, the benefit is 40% of the rate of Invalidity Pension.

4.

Survivor’s Pension •

For employee who dies in any of the following situations, irrespective of the cause of death: a)While an employee is receiving invalidity pension irrespective of his age b)An employee who is not a recipient of the invalidity pension and has not reached the age of 55 years but met either the full contribution qualifying condition or the reduced contribution qualifying condition.

•

Where the deceased is a recipient of Invalidity Pension, the rate of the Survivors Pension is equivalent to the rate of the Invalidity Pension received by him.

•

Where the deceased is not a recipient of the Invalidity Pension and has met the full contribution qualifying conditions, the full rate of the Survivor's Pension is between 50% to 65% of the average monthly wage depending on the number of contributions made in his behalf.

•

The rate of Survivors Pension will be 50% of the average monthly wage for an employee who meets the reduced contribution qualifying condition.

•

Dependants who are entitled for the pension are the same as those under the Dependent Benefit of Employment Injury Scheme.

5.

Funeral Benefit •

This benefit is paid to the eligible next-of-kin if an employee dies:

a) while receiving Invalidity Pension b) before reaching the age of 55 but meets the full or reduced qualifying contribution conditions. •

The amount and the persons qualified to receive this benefit are the same as those under the Employment Injury Scheme 11 | P a g e

6.

Rehabilitation Benefit •

For employer who suffers invalidity. He is entitled to receive Rehabilitation Benefit as provided under the Employment Insurance Injury Scheme.

•

The total contribution for the Invalidity Pension Scheme is about 1% of the wages of an employee and is shared by the employer and the employee equally.

1.3

CONTRIBUTORS An employee under a contract of service or apprenticeship and earning a monthly

wages of RM 3000 and below are compulsory to register with SOCSO regardless of age, employment status, be it permanent or temporary. On the other hand, it is optional for an employees who had never register with SOCSO with a monthly wages of more than RM 3000 to register themselves under SOCSO and to be covered under the schemes. However, consent from both parties are required (employer and employee). The principal of ‘Once In Always In’ is applied for SOCSO, that is, once an employee register and contributed to SOCSO, attributed to lifetime contributions to SOCSO as long as he or she is working, irrespective of his or her monthly wages although it exceeds RM 3000. SOCSO protection plans are only eligible to Malaysian citizens and permanent residents. It does not cover :•

A person whose wages exceed RM3, 000 a month and has never been covered before.

•

Self-employed workers

•

Foreign workers – are protected under the Workmen's Compensation Act 1952.

•

Government servants

•

Domestic servants employed to work in a dwelling house which includes a cook, gardeners, house servants, watchman, washer woman and driver.

•

Employees who have attained the age of 55 only for purposes of invalidity but if they continue to work they should be covered under the Employment Injuries Scheme

12 | P a g e

1.4

CONTRIBUTION It is a mandatory for an employer to register and insure all qualified employees even

if the employees have other private insurance coverage, as that stated in Employees' Social Security Act 1969. It is compulsory for an employer to make contribution to the SOCSO on behalf of the employees to insure them against employment injury and the contingencies of invalidity. SOCSO protection plan involves contribution from both the employers and employees according to the rates specified under the Act, except for certain specific conditions. Employee’s with monthly wages less than RM 3000 must be registered and insured from first month of employment. This includes a firm or company with one or more employers with wages less than RM 1,000 per month. Coverage of an employee who had reached the age of 55 and continues to be employed has also to be continued. In these two special cases, contributions are borne solely by the employer. Amount of contribution by the employer and employee is based upon the employee’s monthly wages. Whereas, the rate of contribution is determined by the SOCSO Contribution Schedule and contribution should be made on the first month a person is employed. The employer contributes 1.75% of employees monthly wages for the Employment Injury Insurance Scheme and the Invalidity Pension Scheme while the employee and employer share 1% of wages for coverage under the Invalidity Pension Scheme. Contribution by both employer and employee must be made not later than the last day of the following month. For example, contribution for July 2008 must be paid not later than 31 March 2008. An employer is liable for Interest on Late Payments for Contributions (ILPC) under Regulation 33 of the Employee’s Social Security (General) Regulations, 1971 with an interest rate of 6% per annum in respect of each day delayed or default in payment of contribution within the stipulated timeframe.

There are two categories for contribution:-

13 | P a g e

First category •

Employment

Second Category Injury

Insurance

•

Scheme

Employment

Injury

insurance

Scheme only

•

Invalidity Pension Scheme

•

Contribution

made

by

both

•

Contribution by employer only

•

For employees who is not eligible

employer and employee •

For employees aged 55 and below

for

coverage

under

Invalidity

Pension Scheme ( aged 55 years and above and still working ) •

For employees above 50 years of age

when

first

register

and

contribute to SOCSO •

For an insured person receiving Invalidity Pension who is still working and receiving wages less than 1/3 of the average monthly wage before invalidity

Not all remuneration are considered in calculating an employer’s and employee’s contribution. Below are the remuneration defined under wages to be taken into consideration when calculating an employer’s and employee’s contribution to SOCSO :•

Salary

•

Commission

•

Allowances such as incentives, good behaviour and cost of living ( COLA )

•

Service charge

•

Overtime payment 14 | P a g e

•

Payments for leaves such as annual leaves, sick and maternity leaves, public holidays and rest days

Categories which are not defined under wages and should not be taken into account are as below:•

Gratuity payments for retrenchment or dismissal

•

Mileage claims

•

Payment by employers to any pension or provident fund for employees

•

Annual bonus

1.5 EMPLOYER’S ROLES i) An employer must cover their employees even if the employees have other private insurance coverage. ii) A company or firm with one or more employees whose individual earning s do not exceed RM 1000 a month has to register with SOCSO. The contributions for such employees are borne solely by employer. iii) Where an employee reached the age of 55 and continues to be employed after that age, only the employer shall contribute to SOCSO for such employees. iv) Under the Employees’ Social Security Act 1969, it is the duty of an employer to make the contribution to the SOCSO on behalf of the employees to ensure them against employment injury and contingencies of invalidity. v) Under Employees’ Social Secuirity Act 1969, the principal employer will be liable, in the event the employees have not been registered and the immediate employer cannot be located.

15 | P a g e

1.6

SOCSO’S APPLICATION Invalidity pension Invalidity means a serious disease or disablement of a permanent nature that is either

incurable or not likely to be cured, as a result of which an employee is unable to earn at least 1/3 of what a normally able person could earn. The following conditions were fulfilled by Mr. Letchumanan A/L Raman to be eligible for Invalidity Pension: •

at the time the notice of invalidity is received, he has not completed the age of 55 years

•

certified as an invalid by a Medical Board or Appellate Medical Board

•

he has fulfilled the contribution qualifying conditions.

Application process: Claimant need to complete and submit these forms: •

PKS (F) 41 Form (notice of invalidity)

•

Medical report

•

A copy of identification card / birth certificate

•

A copy of banking book and account number

The first payment of invalidity pension will be paid within 3 months if an employee is qualified. For Mr. Letchumanan, his application have been rejected by SOCSO.

1.4

EMPLOYMENT INJURY INSURANCE SCHEME

The Employment Injury Scheme provides coverage for accidents that occur while : 16 | P a g e

1. Travelling (Commuting accident) •

While travelling on a route between the place of residence or stay and the work place.

•

While travelling between the work place and the place where the employee takes meals during any authorized recess.

•

While travelling on a journey directly connected to work.

2. Arising out of and in the course of employment •

Accident that happens while performing official duty at the work place which arise out of the employment.

3. Occupational diseases •

An employee contracting a disease to which he is exposed to various hazards by the nature of his duty.

In this case report, our patient Mr. Letchumanan’s condition was not fulfilled the above criteria to be eligible or qualify to obtain the coverage of Employment Injury Insurance Scheme. Therefore, several benefits provided under the Employment Injury Insurance Scheme such as the followings was not success and qualify to be apply by Mr. Letchumanan. •

Medical benefit

•

Temporary disablement benefit

•

Permanent disablement benefit

•

Constant attendance allowance

•

Rehabilitation benefit

•

Dependent’s benefit

17 | P a g e

Medical Benefits Mr. Letchumanan who has been diagnose brain tumour and generalize tonic clonic seizure since 5 years ago was not qualified for medical benefit. If his condition was fulfilled, from medical benefit, he will be treated at SOCSO panel clinic or second class ward of government hospital and treatment from specialist if needed. Application process: To be eligible for free treatment, the employee or his representative need to complete these forms: •

Accident Report (Form 21)

•

Letter from his employer or Report of Occupational Diseases Form 68 & Form 69 (whichever is relevant)

•

Identification letter from employer

These forms need to be hand in to the SOCSO panel clinic or government hospital. SOCSO will settle his medical bill on behalf by paying the medical treatment provider directly. Temporary Disablement Benefit An employee who has been certified by a doctor to be unfit for work for not less than 4 days including the day of the accident is eligible for this benefit. This benefit will be paid for the period the employee is on medical leave. the employee will be paid a minimum rate of RM10 if the daily rate is below RM10. An employee whose wage exceeds RM1,900 per month will be paid a maximum rate of RM52 per day. Mr Letchumanan was not qualify to apply this benefit as his condition was not fulfilled the criteria of application of the coverage of Employment Injury Insurance Scheme. If an employee who was qualify to apply, he have :  To claim for Temporary Disablement Benefit:  Claim Form 10  Doctor ‘s Certificate (Form 13) or the original copy of a Medical Certificate.

Permanent disablement benefit Mr. Letchumanan also not qualify to apply this benefit as explained above. If an employee who has been certified by a Medical Board or an Appellate Medical Board to be

18 | P a g e

suffering from permanent disablement as a result of an employment injury is eligible for this benefit. Application process: An insured person needs to do a written application to the associated SOCSO local office for reference to the Medical Board. He also needs to compile: •

Application form

•

A copy of identification card

•

Medical report that from hospital that provide treatment for him

•

Claim form 10

•

PKS form ( details of salary )

•

A copy of banking book and account number

An employee who has been certified by a Medical Board or an Appellate Medical Board to be suffering from permanent disablement as a result of an employment injury is eligible for this benefit. Where the permanent disablement is assessed to be 100%, an employee will be paid a daily rate equivalent to 90% of the average assumed daily wage, subject to a minimum daily rate of RM10. An employee can claim the benefit to be paid as a lump sum if the permanent disablement is assessed to be 20% or less.

CHAPTER 2- PATIENT’S INFORMATION 2.1. PATIENT IDENTIFICATION DATA Name

:

Mr. Janudin Bin Jamil

I/C No

:

571210-10-5081

Age

:

51 years old

Gender

:

Male

Address

:

Lot 198 Batu 8, 45600 Ijok, Selangor.

Date of Occupational Injury :

20 Jun 2007 19 | P a g e

Occupation Employer

:

Maintainer :

Vasatech Sdn . Bhd. Factory

Lot 2993, Jalan Bukit Badong, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Income

:

RM2200

20 | P a g e

2.2. CHIEF COMPLAINT Mr. Janudin a 51 year-old Malay gentleman with no known past medical illness sustained occupational injury due to fall on his hip while working. 2.3. HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS Mr. Janudin slipped 15 feet from a ladder and fell on his hip while going down the ladder after cleaned the boiler machine in the factory. His exhausted condition and slippery ladder cause him to fell backwards and landed on his right buttock on a beam nearest the boiler. After that he landed on his left side of his body. He did not manage to hold onto anything for support since it happened unexpectedly. Upon falling down, he was still conscious but felt numbness on his right leg for about 5 minutes before able to stand up. He was alone during the incidence and after able to walk he continue his routine of work because he think it was a simple fall since he’s not having any serious injury. He told his friends about the fall after finished the works. However, the next day the felt pain over his lower limb and it restricted his movement. He went to panel clinic and been given oral painkiller. He also went for massage to reduce the pain. However, due to work load the pain progress and become dull aching pain after 1 year. Sometimes, he felt numbness over the lower limb especially right limb. Moreover, on mid June 2008 the other maintainer in the factory resign and left him alone working in the factory. Thus, these increase his workload. After that he often experience cramping of his lower limb especially on long walk. Instead of that he also complaint of fecal incontinent and pain while staining to defecate. However he has no problem to pass urine. His problems also affected his sleep where certain postures aggravate the pain. After that he often went to panel clinic to get painkiller injection and be given off work for few days. On June 2008 his injured his ring finger of left hand while cleaning machine in the factory and hand X-ray was done at Tanjong Karang General Hospital. He do asked his manager for light work but it was rejected. His request for X-ray from panel doctor for his backache also delayed for few months. On July 2008 X-ray was done at Sungai Buluh General Hospital suggesting vertebral problem. After that, with his own finances, he went to private center for MRI and reported to have cervical and lumbar spondylosis with slipped vertebral at lumbar 2 (L2). With this medical report he claims for early pension from SOCSO. 2.4. PAST MEDICAL HISTORY

21 | P a g e

He has no relevant pass medical history or hospital admission. 2.5. PAST SURGICAL HISTORY He has no relevant pass surgical history 2.6. DRUG HISTORY He does not take any kind of medication or any illegal drugs before he had the accident. However, after his condition worsens, he is now on analgesic which was prescribed by the doctor in order to reduce his lower limb pain. 2.7. ALLERGY HISTORY He had known to be allergic towards red meat only. 2.8. FAMILY HISTORY He is the fifth child of 8 siblings. His mother and father die due to old age. One f his brother has abdomen cancer and dies at age 55year old. The other siblings were healthy. He was married for 23 year and been given 4 children. All his children have asthma during childhood. 2.9. SOCIAL HISTORY He is a smoker who has been smoking 10 cigarettes a day since he was 18years old. He never consumed alcohol. He starts working after finished SPM firstly as labour. He was married for 23 year and been given 4 children. All his children have asthma. He used to be active in sport like badminton and football before. 2.10- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION On inspection Mr. J was comfortable and alert. His vital signs were normal. Examination of his lower limbs revealed that tone, power, reflex and sensation were reduced. He also had difficulty walking and had to rely on a walking stick. The patient was also in great pain during the examination of his lower limbs and therefore, the examination could not proceed further. No abnormalities were detected in his upper limbs, where tone, power, reflex and sensation were intact. Examination of the other systems proved unremarkable.

22 | P a g e

CHAPTER 3- FAMILY DATA 3.1- FAMILY MEMBERS No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Family Member

Age

Khairul Fahmi Nur Hazwani Khairul Nizan Khairul Aiman

21 19 15

Gender Female Male Female Male Male

Relation Wife Son Daughter Son Son

3.2- SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS En. Janudin was a boiler maintainance worker. Before the fall, he was healthy. He earned about RM 2200 monthly. He did not face any financial problems. After the fall, he continued to work despite illness. Until one point, his deteriorating health condition disabled him from working, as his work required him to walk around and involve some physical activities. As a result, he had no income since July 2008 because he took medical leaves. As the breadwinner, the lack of income posed a problem to the family. Luckily, his siblings were willing to lend a helping hand. They help him financially by taking care of his family’s monthly expenses. Besides, his son has just got an internship job and earned a monthly allowance. This will help to sustain the family too.

23 | P a g e

Below are the monthly family expenses: Expenses Grocery Food Bills Petrol Home Loan Parents Children Others Total Balance

Amount RM 200 RM 300 RM 80 RM 250 RM 400 RM 200 RM 200 RM 150 RM 1780 RM 2200 – 1780 = 420

3.3- PATIENT’S PROFILE Hobby En. Janudin was an active person. He liked to play badminton, football and sepak takraw. After the accident, he could not walk. As a result, he had to give up his hobbies and instead rest at home. Smoking He was a chronic smoker. He started smoking at the age of 28. He smoked 5 sticks per day. Alcohol Consumption He did not consume alcohol. Relationship with friends All this while, he maintained a good relationship with his friends. They often hung out at the nearby coffee shop. They used to play badmintons, football and sepak takraw together. Now that En. Janudin had restricted movement, they were still good friends. His friends would drop by his home occasionally and visit him. This way, he would have the support of his friends.

24 | P a g e

Relationship with family members He had a strong relationship with family. He was a responsible man who took care of the family well. After the fall, he had restricted movement. His family was vey supportive. They gave him moral support and helped him to move around the house. Despite the illness, En. Janudin was still strong emotionally. He did not vent his anger on his family members but treated them just as nice. Relationship with neighbours His relationship with neighbours was good, as he used to get involved in the community activities. The neighbours did show their concern over his condition. They sometimes came to his house to send their regards.

Pre-morbid Biological

-

function

Post-morbid

At work – works as a

-

stopped

has deteriorated so much that

workplace,

no

he cannot get up without

works

assistance, and has to walk with crutches.

At home – helps out

-

At home – can only lie down

with housework after

or sit around, is not able to

work, fixes broken

help out and the duty of taking

things.

care of the household falls

With spouse – shares

onto the shoulders of his wife.

happy

marriage,

-

With spouse – his wife is very

satisfied with sex life.

supportive,

With children – good

stressed as he is a burden to

role

for

the family and they can no

children, spends time

longer enjoy their sex life as

with them, takes them

they did before.

model

for sports. -

has

of all machines in

a -

–

working since his condition

alone.

-

work

handyman, takes care

assistants, -

At

-

but

he

feels

With children – is not able to

With friends – plays

spend time doing activities

badminton regularly,

like they used to in the past. 25 | P a g e

goes fishing once in a

-

With friends – sees friends

while, eager to offer

less, as he is incapable of

helping hand when

sports now.

necessary.

friends still come to visit him

However his

occasionally. Psychological

He used to he a happy He is stressed about his condition and

function

and contented man, and feels like a useless person. Besides lead a generally stress- that, he also feels frustrated that he free life.

cannot support his family, but instead

Educational

has become a burden to them. He was not able to get He still believes that a good education

function

high paying jobs because is the only key to better lives for his of his lack of a diploma, children, especially now that he has yet

he

had

believed

always had an occupational injury and cannot

in

the take on light office jobs due to lack of

importance of a good qualifications.

He motivates his

education, and had taught children to pursue tertiary education his children well and had as they have the chance to do so. high

hopes

and

confidence in children’s education. Economical function

-

He used to be the sole He has been on medical leave for breadwinner of the about family,

and

six

months

before

being

even officially unemployed. During those

though it wasn’t a six months he did not receive any high salary he had salary and had only been living off managed to put aside old savings, while paying off his some

savings

and credit card debts as well. Till now he

was able to provide has

not

gotten

any

form

of

well for the family. reimbursement yet, and he worries He had also used his about the future of his family should credit

card

to the day their savings run out.

26 | P a g e

renovate make

it

house a

to

more

comfortable home. Family Attitude and Health Practice Mr J and his family does not understand much about his condition, and also does not want to undergo surgery, because they are afraid of the complications that might occur after surgery and that he might become a paraplegic. He has not tried any form of traditional medications, however his brother-in-law did bring him to a traditional masseuse before. Mr J claimed that instead of making it better, the massage left him with more pain therefore he is not keen on going again.

CHAPTER 4- HOME VISIT 4.1 INTRODUCTION 27 | P a g e

On November 6th, 2008, we made a visit to Mr. Januddin house in a housing area in Bestari Jaya. Mr Januddin’s house is a double-storey house with porch and backyard. The house is quite big as the length is about 45 feet and the width 50 feet. He is currently staying with his wife and his children. The house is made of bricks and cements and the roof from zinc. The neighborhood is quite peaceful and his family does mix around with people in the neighborhood. The roads outside his house are paved. However, the exterior of the house was not well lit as there were few street lamps. This increases the risk of accidents.

Photo: Exterior of the house.

28 | P a g e

Photo: The neighbors on the left of his house.

Photo: His neighbor’s house which is much bigger.

4.2 INTERIOR OF THE HOUSE There is a living room and a kitchen on the ground floor but there is no partition between them. There are sofas, a television and washing machine in the living room. There are two bedrooms on first floor.

29 | P a g e

30 | P a g e

Photos: The living room and the kitchen. Both are connected. The staircase is very steep and Mr Januddin complained of back pain when climbing up the stairs. He used to sleep on first floor but since the accident, he does not climb the stairs anymore. He is currently staying on ground floor

31 | P a g e

Photo: The staircase leading to ground floor. 4.3 TOILET AND BATHROOM The toilet and bathroom are combined into one. It is in one corner of the living room. It is clean but very small and the shower is right next to the toilet bowl. There is not much space for movement. The toilet was squatting type with flush. Mr. Januddin claimed that his back hurts when he goes to the toilet after the accident. The bathroom is well lit and there is a window opening to the exterior of the house.

32 | P a g e

Photo: The toilet and bathroom are combined into one. It is clean but very small in size.

Photo: The toilet is squatting type and Mr Januddin complained of back ache when he uses it. 4.4 LIGHTING AND VENTILATION 33 | P a g e

Lighting and ventilation inside the house are fair. There is sufficient lighting to carry out daily activities. Lighting in the bathroom is good. The ventilation was fair as there are eight windows on ground floor. There is only one standing fan on ground floor and there is one ceiling fan. 4.5 HEALTH AND HYGIENE Generally, the house is clean and tidy. His wife does the house work and cleans the house every day. 4.6 EXTERIOR OF THE HOUSE There is a porch in front of the house and a small backyard in the house perimeter. Mr Januddin’s wife plants flowers outside the house and the backyard with plants. However, the front porch appeared untidy. The drains are clean but there are rubbishes being cluttered outside the house. Generally, the exterior of the house is quite spacious and they parked their motorcycle and his sons bicycle there. Their car is parked outside the house perimeter. The exterior of the house also used by him to sit and relax, usually in the evening.

Photo: Front view of the house with a porch.

34 | P a g e

Photo: place where En. Januddin relax on the evening

4.7 TRANSPORTATION The family owns one motorcycle and a car. Due to expensive fuel price, they rarely use the car. Mr. Tanabalan rides motorcycle to work daily. This might worsen his injury or slows down his recovery process from his soft tissue injury. He was advised not to ride motorcycle after the accident by the doctor. However, he did not heed the advice due to financial constraints.

35 | P a g e

CHAPTER 5- WORKPLACE 5.1 BACKGROUND OF WORKPLACE Our patient was working at Vasatech Sdn. Bhd., which is located at Lot 2993, Jalan Bukit Badong, 45600 Batang Berjuntai, Selangor Darul Ehsan. This factory produces Low Pressure Melamine (LPM) paper in Malaysia since early November 2000. Vasatech has invested around RM25 - RM30 million in this venture, setting up a state-of-the-art facility with a built-up area of 10,000 m2, located within a 20,000 m2 land area in Selangor, Malaysia. Vasatech's standard product range includes LPM paper used in S/C press 36 | P a g e

lamination in the wood-based panel industry. In addition, it also produces overlay, underlay, decor and balancing for the "Werzalt Process" and for production of wood-based laminate flooring. The workers involved both male and female workers. They are Malays and Chinese. Vasatech Sdn. Bhd. provides a lot of beneficial services towards the workers. The medical service includes medical check- up; which is provided for the workers every year. Apart from that, the workers are thought on how to use the first aid kit. Other than that, the workers are provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while they are working. The PPE includes safety helmet, goggle, mask, ear plug, gloves and safety boots. The workplace is kept clean by other workers who are hired to take care of the hygiene and cleanliness of the workplace. Showers, changing rooms, canteen and praying room are also provided for the workers. 5.2 IDENTIFICATION DATA OF WORKPLACE

Factory name

: Vasatech Sdn Bhd

Factory address

: Lot 2993, Jalan Bukit Badong, 45600 Batang Berjuntai, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

Contact Numbers

Tel : (60)3-32717833 Fax : (60)3-32717830 e-mail : [email protected]

5.3

BACKGROUND OF FACTORY Vasatech Sdn. Bhd. began production of Low Pressure Melamine (LPM) paper in

Malaysia since early November 2000. Vasatech has invested around RM25 - RM30 million in this venture, setting up a state-of-the-art facility with a built-up area of 10,000 m2, located within a 20,000 m2 land area in Selangor, Malaysia. 5.3.1

Workers − Number of workers : 47 people − Sex : Male and female 37 | P a g e

− Race : Malay and Chinese

5.4

VISION

To meet the need combining state-of-the-art technologies, integral competencies and astute vision I n producing Low pressure melamine (LPM) paper.

5.5

MISSION

Value creation is by increasing market share, introducing new products and acquiring complementary products.

5.6

SITE PLAN

38 | P a g e

5.7 FLOW CHART OF FACTORY PROCESS : Resin Impregnated Paper Process

39 | P a g e

Resin Impregnated Paper: Manufacturing Process Description Paper Unwind Device a) Decorative paper rolls are hung on this device for unwinding/feeding into the Paper Treating Machine to commence process treatment. Stage 1 Resin Impregnation a) Local available commercial resin modified with chemicals/additives which is controlled and dispensed by a computer program (PLC) at the Weighing/Dosing Station to a holding pan to be used to impregnate paper. b) The resin amount used is set based on paper specification and end application requirements by varying the machine parameters. c) As and when deemed needed, this machine component will be washed cleaned to resume production and/or new product line. The washed water in general is nominal. 1st Drying Zone a) The impregnated paper is dried by hot air in the flotation dryer. 40 | P a g e

b) The air temperature is controlled to maintain the operating parameters and evaporation rate. 2nd Stage resin Coating a) A coat of special resin is coated onto the paper in accordance to end application requirements by a special application roller. b) Again, this resin formulation is done by the computer program (PLC) at the Weighing/Dosing Station as in Stage 1 Resin Impregnation. c) As and when deemed needed, this machine component will be washed cleaned to resume production and/or new product line. Again, the washed water in general is nominal. 2nd Drying Zone a) The treated paper is dried by a longer air flotation dryer. b) Again, the air temperature is controlled to maintain evaporation rate and end application requirements. c) One of the treated paper's properties is brittleness and care is needed for handling. Roll Rewind Device a) The dried (treated) paper can be reeled up into rolls in accordance to customer requirements by this device. b) This device reeled up the paper with the most appropriate tension. Sheet Cutter a) Alternatively, the treated paper can be cut into sheets in accordance to customer requirements. Cold Storeroom a) Owning to the treated paper inherent properties, it is placed in cold storeroom for intermittent storage before shipment.

5.7 PRODUCTS

41 | P a g e

1) Low Pressure Melamine (LPM) paper -

used in S/C press lamination in the wood-based panel industry.

2) Overlay, underlay, decor and balancing for the "Werzalt Process" and for production of wood-based laminate flooring. SERVICES 1) Medical service -

medical check- up (every year)

-

panel clinic is Klinik Keluarga

-

thought on how to use the first aid kit.

2) Hygiene & Waste Management -

Private company

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PROVIDED •

Safety helmet

•

Goggle

•

Full face mask

•

Ear plug

•

Gloves

•

Safety boots

- Emergency shower OTHER FACILITIES •

Praying room

•

Toilet

•

Canteen

42 | P a g e

CHAPTER 6- OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT The Occupational Safety and Health Act is an Act which provides the legislative framework to secure the safety, health and welfare among all Malaysian workforce and to protect others against risks to safety or health in connection with the activities of persons at work. This Act was gazetted on 24th February 1994 and may be cited as the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994. This Act is a practical tool superimposed on existing safety and health legislation. The aims of this Act are: •

to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work

•

to protect person at a place of work other than persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work

•

to promote an occupational environment for persons at work which is adapted to their physiological and psychological needs

•

to provide the means whereby the associated occupational safety and health legislation may be progressively replaced by a system of regulations and approved industry codes of practice operating in combination with the provisions of this Act designed to maintain or improve the standards of safety and health.

43 | P a g e

6.1 INTRODUCTION The provision of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 are based on the selfregulation scheme. Its primary responsibility is to ensure safety and health of work lies with those who create the risks and those who work with the risksAccording to the Occupational Safety and Health act, all employers with more than 5 employees are required by the legislation to formulate a written Safety and Health Policy. Besides this, the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 specify the general duties of employers, self-employed persons, manufacturers, designers, suppliers and employees. The responsibilities or the lack of it of the parties involved in our case study will be further discussed in the report. The Act also emphasize on the establishment of the safety and health committee, the appointment of a safety and health officer and the enforcement, investigation and offenses. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 is enforced by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), a government department under the Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia, which will: •

ensure through enforcement and promotional works that employers, self-employed persons, manufacturers, designers, importers, suppliers and employees always practise safe and health work culture, and always comply with existing legislation, guidelines and codes of practice.

•

formulate and review legislation, policies, guidelines and codes of practice pertaining to occupational safety, health and welfare as a basis in ensuring safety and health at work.

44 | P a g e

•

be the secretariat to National Council for Occupational Safety and Health, a council established under section 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994.

The National Council for Occupational Safety and Health shall have power to do all things expedient or reasonably necessary for or incidental to the carrying out of the objects of this Act.

6.2 SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY The written Safety and Health Policy as required by law includes The General Policy Statement which concerns the overall responsibility of the employer to look after the safety and health of the workforce. . The written policy is divided into 3 main parts, namely : •

General Policy Statement

•

Organization

•

Arrangements

The General Policy Statement concerns with the overall intent of the employer to look after the safety and health of the workforce. This statement can be simple and brief. The second part of the policy on Organization should describe the safety and health responsibilities. This is primarily about the role of each person. The Arrangements or final part of the written policy concerns with practical systems and procedures. It deals mainly with potential hazards and measures to be taken to solve the problem.

45 | P a g e

It is important that contents of the policy be made known to employees during induction course and job training, an also to make sure that the policy statement should be displayed at strategic locations in the workplace.

6.3 DUTIES AS AN EMPLOYER Among others, an employer has a duty to ensure the proper practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work for all your employees which includes: •

To ensure that existing plant is up to the necessary standards with respect to safety and risk to health and that, when new plant is installed, latest practice in safety and health are taken into account.

•

To ensure a safe system at the workplace and minimize operations that present danger of injury or health impairment. This may require special systems of work, such as the "permit to work" system.

•

regularly monitor the work environment to ensure that, where known health hazards are present, protection conforms to current health standards, including medical surveillance of workers.

•

make arrangement for ensuring safety and health in connection with the use or operation, handling, storage and transportation of plants and substances.

•

ensure that no charge is levied on any employee for anything done or provided to meet any specific requirement for safety and health at work.

•

prepare a written statement of general policy, organization and arrangements for safety and health at work, keep it up-to-date by revision and inform all employees of the notice and revision to the policy where applicable. This policy must be implemented at workplace.

•

provide information, instruction, training and supervision in safe work practices and consider specific training needs of your organization with particular reference to processes with special hazards. 46 | P a g e

•

conduct your activities, so as to ensure that people other than your employees are not exposed to risks to safety and health.

•

notify the nearest Department of Occupational Safety and Health office of any accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning or occupational disease which has occurred or is likely to occur at the place of work.

•

provide the Safety an Health Officer adequate facilities including appropriate information and training equipment to enable Safety and Health Officer to conduct his duties.

•

direct one or more supervisor to assist in any investigation conducted by the Safety and Health Officer

•

cannot discriminate against any employee or dismiss an employee, injure him in his employment or alter his position to his detriment by reason only that the employee makes a complaint about a matter which he considers is not safe or is a risk to health.

6.4 DUTIES AS AN EMPLOYEE It is important that contents of the policy be made known to employees for their benefit and others. The duties as a employee as stated in the policy is a below: a) To take reasonable care at work for the safety of oneself and other persons b) To cooperate with one’s employer or any other person in the discharge of any duty, under the Act or Regulations c) To wear or use at all times any protective equipment and clothing provided by your employer for the purpose of preventing risks to your safety and health

47 | P a g e

d) To comply with any instruction or measure on occupational safety and health as required under the Act or Regulations

In our case study, he notified his employer about the lack of proper protective gear to climb the ladder. However, no actions were taken as his complaints fell on deaf ears. In other words, he did adhered to the rules stated by the Policy.

6.5 SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE AT WORKPLACE Pursuant to section 30 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, every employer shall establish a safety and health committee at workplace if there are 40 or more persons employed at the place of work. The functions of the safety and health committee include : •

to keep under review the measures taken to ensure the safety and health of persons at the place of work

•

investigate any matter at the place of work which a member of the committee or a person employed thereat considers is not safe or is a risk to health and which has been brought to the attention of the employer

•

attempt to resolve any matter referred to and if it is unable to do so, shall request the Director General of Occupational Safety and Health to undertake an inspection of the place of work for that purpose.

6.6 DUTIES OF A SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER A safety and health officer shall advise employer on the measures to be taken in the interests of safety and health at place of work. Safety and health officer shall inspect place of work to determine any hazard liable to cause bodily injury and to investigate any accident, near miss, dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning or disease. It is also the duty of a safety and health officer to assist employer or safety and health committee in organizing and implementing Occupational Safety and Health programme. 48 | P a g e

•

Other duties of a safety and health officer include: * to become the secretary of a safety and health committee

•

to assist the safety and health committee in inspections

•

to collect, analyze and maintain statistics

•

to assist any officer in carrying his duty under the Act and regulations and

•

to carry out any other instruction made by the employer on any matters pertaining to safety and health at workplace.

6.7 DUTIES OF AN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER IN CONDUCTION OF AN INSPECTION AT A WORKPLACE An occupational safety and health officer shall take all reasonable steps to notify the employer and the safety and health committee of the entry. The occupational safety and health officer shall be produced on demand to the employer or any person in charge of a place of work a certificate of authorization issued by the Director General of the Occupational Safety and Health. Upon concluding an inspection, an officer shall give to the employer and the safety and health committee information with respect to his observations and any action he proposes to take in relation to the place of work. Where an officer proposes to take and remove a sample from a place of work for the purposes of analysis, he shall notify the employer and the safety and health committee and after having taken the sample he shall where possible: •

divide the sample taken into as many parts as are necessary and mark and seal or mark and fasten up each part in such a manner as its nature will permit

•

if required by the employer or the safety and health committee, deliver one part each to the employer and the safety and health committee

•

retain one part for future comparison and

•

if an analysis of the sample is to be made, submit another part to an analyst for analysis. 49 | P a g e

An occupational safety and health officer shall take all reasonable steps to notify the employer and the safety and health committee of the entry.

CHAPTER 7- DISCUSSION ON MR. J’S CASE WITH RESPECT TO SOCSO SOCSO was established as a government department on 1st January 1971 to enforce the Employees’ Social Security Act, 1969. The Social Security Organization applies to an employee under a contract of service or apprenticeship earning RM3000 or less a month. In our case study, Mr. J was earning RM2155 per month which makes him eligible to be covered under the SOCSO act. There are two schemes under SOCSO, namely; the Employment Injury Insurance Scheme (EIIS) and the Invalidity Pension Scheme (IPS). EIIS provide protection to employees who are involved in accidents arising from out of employment, occupational diseases and also travelling (commuting) accident. IPS provides 24-hours coverage to employees against invalidity and death due to any cause not connected with employment before the age of 55 years. The following is a brief summary of Mr. J’s application to SOCSO: Had a fall from a ladder while maintaining the boiler.

12/06/06

Went to a private clinic complaining of backache and leg pain.

12/06/06

Referred to Hospital Tanjong Karang

9/08/06

Appeared in front of the Medical Board and was found to be not eligible for the IPS Appealed to the Appellate Board Applied for temporary and was again found to be disablement benefits ineligible for (under IPS EIIS)

29/11/07 50 | P a g e 5/02/08 8/10/08

The following were benefits applied by Mr. J under SOCSO: 1. Invalidity Pension Scheme (IPS) Mr. J applied for the IPS and was denied twice. This was because, under this scheme, the employee has to be deemed as invalid by a Medical Board. There are various issues to be considered in this case. Firstly, the accident happened in 2006 and whether the fall contributed to his condition (Mr. J is diagnosed with cervical and lumbar spondylosis with slipped L2) remains to be disputed. If indeed it was proven to be caused by the fall, Mr. J should not apply for the IPS and instead should apply for the Permanent Disablement Benefit under EIIS. This is because the IPS covers any invalidity or death not connected to employment. Mr. J was fixing the boiler at the time of his fall and therefore this was indeed related to his occupation. Secondly, to be classified as an invalid, the patient has to demonstrate a disablement of a permanent nature that is either incurable or not likely to be cured, as a result of which an employee is unable to earn at least 1/3 of what a normally able person could earn. Mr. J’s condition was progressive in nature and despite the back and neck pain, he still went to work. Only when the pain aggravated, did Mr. J applied for medical leave. Therefore, he was still able to earn his monthly income for the duration after the accident and before the application. Thirdly, the patient’s condition is not incurable- decompression surgery was suggested to the patient but he refused. 2. Temporary Disablement Benefits

51 | P a g e

Temporary Disablement Benefits is defined as “a condition resulting from an employment injury which requires medical treatment and renders an employee, as a result of such injury, temporarily incapable of doing the work which he was doing prior to or at the time of injury.” To be eligible for this benefit, Mr J should be certified by a doctor to be unfit for work for not less than 4 days including the day of accident. The benefit would include 80% of the employee’s average monthly wage with the minimum of RM10 and the maximum payable rate of RM 52.00 per day. Mr. J took the following number of days off as a result of his medical condition:

Month (2008)

No. of days off

June

2

July

7

August

15

September

8

October

7 TOTAL

39

Therefore, Mr. J should receive the following amount: Mr. J’s monthly salary = RM 2155

Daily wage

= RM 2155

30

= RM 71.83 80 % of daily wage

= RM 57.47

However, this exceeded the amount payable, which is RM52.00 Therefore, as Mr. J was on medical leave for 39 days he should receive RM 52.00 × 39 = RM 2028.00 52 | P a g e

CHAPTER 8- RECOMMENDATIONS Our recommendations for Mr. J with respect to his SOCSO application include the following: 1. Medical Benefits Mr. J sought medical attention after his fall at his company’s panel clinic. Under SOCSO’s Medical Benefits, Mr. J is eligible to obtain medical attention in SOCSO’s panel clinics. In order to be eligible for free treatment, he is required to bring along an Accident Report (Form 21) or identification and a letter from his employer. If Mr. J initially receives treatment in SOCSO Panel Clinic, treatment must be continued at the same clinic until recovery or unless he is referred to a government hospital. In the event of serious injury, the treatment should be at the nearest 53 | P a g e

government hospital, where he is eligible for second class ward treatment. Therefore, if Mr. J requires medical attention, he can obtain it for free at SOCSO’s panel clinics.

2. Undergo Decompression Surgery and Physiotherapy Mr. J should consider surgery as this could potentially cure his condition. If surgery or physiotherapy still fails to alleviate the patient’s condition, then he can apply for the Permanent Disablement Benefits, and Rehabilitation Benefits.

3. Modifications on his home

Mr. J could change his squatting toilet into a sitting toilet as this would not cause him back ache. Secondly, he could add railings to his stair case. This would make it easier for him to climb the stairs as it offers some support.

4. Application for zakat He can also apply for financial support from Pejabat Zakat Negeri Selangor to support his monthly financial expenditure.

REFERENCES 1. http://www.perkeso.gov.my 2. Pengurus pejabat PERKESO, 29 Jalan Setia Rawang 1, KM25 Jalan Ipoh, 48000 Rawang, Selangor. 3. www.osha.gov/ 54 | P a g e

4. www.vasatech.com

55 | P a g e