Complete Course Contant.docx

1

Annexure-A

Scheme of Studies BS Physics Semester

1st

Course code

Course Title

PHY101

Introductory Mechanics

(3 0 3)

None

MATH107

Basic Calculus

(3 0 3)

None

CS101

Introduction to Computing

(3 3 4)

None

ENG101

Study Skills

(3 0 3)

None

RS101

Islamic Studies/Theology

(3 0 3)

None

PHY191

Lab-I

(0 3 1)

None

Total Credit Hours Per Semester

(TCH LCH Cr.H)

Pre-requisite(s)

17

None

PHY103

Waves and Oscillations

(2 0 2)

PHY104

Introductory Electricity

(2 0 2)

MATH108

Basic Differential Equations

(3 0 3)

CHEM105

Introductory Chemistry

(23 3)

None

ENG102

Communication Skills

(3 0 3)

None

PS101

Pakistan Studies

(3 0 3)

None

PHY192

Lab-II

(0 3 1)

None

None None

2nd

Total Credit Hours Per Semester

17

PHY202

Basics of Magnetism

(2 0 2)

PHY104

PHY211

Classical Mechanics

(3 0 3)

PHY101

CS102

Programming Fundamentals

(3 3 4)

CS101

PHY221

Mathematical Methods of Physics-I

(3 0 3)

None

3rd

2

PHY203

Introductory Electronics

(3 0 3)

None

ZOOL107

Introductory Biology

(2 0 2)

None

PHY291

Lab-III

(0 3 1)

None

Total Credit Hours Per Semester Semester

18

Course code

Course Title

(TCH LCH Cr.H)

PHY212

Quantum Mechanics-I

(3 0 3)

PHY213

Fluid Mechanics

(2 0 2)

PHY103

PHY222

Mathematical Methods of Physics-II

(3 0 3)

PHY221

PHY271

Electromagnetic Theory-I

(3 0 3)

PHY293

Data Analysis Techniques

(2 0 2)

None

SWS103

Social Works and Human Behavior

(3 0 3)

None

PHY292

Lab-IV

(0 3 1)

None

Total Credit Hours Per Semester

17

Pre-requisite(s)

4th

Thermodynamics

(3 0 3)

PHY341

Solid State Physics-I

(3 0 3)

PHY313

Quantum Mechanics-II

(3 0 3)

MS112

Principles of Management

(3 0 3)

PHY371

Modern Optics

(3 0 3)

PHY271

PHY372

Electromagnetic Theory-II

(3 0 3)

PHY271

5th

Total Credit Hours Per Semester

6th

None

PHY331

None PHY212 None

18

PHY311

Statistical Mechanics

(3 0 3)

None

PHY352

Nuclear Physics-I

(3 0 3)

PHY212

PHY342

Solid State Physics II

(3 0 3)

PHY341

PHY351

Atomic and Molecular Physics

(3 0 3)

PHY212

PHY361

Computational Physics

(3 0 3)

PHY221

3 PHY391

Semester

7th

Lab-V

(0 3 1)

Total Credit Hours Per Semester

16

Course code

Course Title

PHY423

Special Theory of Relativity

(3 0 3)

PHY101

PHY4**

Elective

(3 0 3)

None

PHY4**

Elective

(3 0 3)

None

PHY4**

Elective

(3 0 3)

None

PHY4**

Elective

(3 0 3)

None

(1 0 1)

None

PHY491

(TCH LCH Cr.H)

Literature Survey and Technical Report

Total Credit Hours Per Semester

8th

None

Pre-requisite(s)

17

PHY451

Nuclear Physics-II

(3 0 3)

PHY4**

Elective

(3 0 3)

PHY352 None

PHY4**

Elective

(3 0 3)

None

PHY4**

Elective

(3 0 3)

None

PHY4**

Elective

(3 0 3)

None

PHY492

Technical Presentation

(0 6 2)

PHY491

Total Credit Hours Per Semester

16

List of Elective Courses Course codes PHY405

Course titles Bio-Physics

(3 0 3)

PHY372,ZOOL107

PHY441

Superconductors and Applications

PHY342

PHY442

Semiconductor Devices and Applications

(3 0 3) (3 0 3)

PHY443

Material Characterisation Techniques

(3 0 3)

None

PHY444

Materials Science

(3 0 3)

None

PHY445

Nano-Physics and Technology

(3 0 3)

PHY446

Lithography

(3 0 3)

None PHY331,PHY372, CHEM101

(TCH LCH Cr.H)

Pre-requisite(s)

PHY342

4

PHY471

Principles of Lasers

(3 0 3)

PHY371

PHY472

Applications of Lasers

PHY471

PHY473

Optical Fibre and Applications

(3 0 3) (3 0 3)

PHY481

Plasma Physics

(3 0 3)

PHY372

PHY482

Physics of Laser Plasma Interactions

(3 0 3)

PHY471, PHY481

PHY483

Renewable Energy Sources

(3 0 3)

None

PHY484

Astrophysics Particle Physics

(3 0 3) (3 0 3)

None

PHY452 PHY422 PHY424

String Theory General Theory of Relativity

(3 0 3) (3 0 3)

None None

PHY425

Cosmology

(3 0 3)

None

PHY426

Quantum Field Theory

(3 0 3)

None

PHY453

Nuclear Physics-II

(3 0 3)

PHY498

Senior Design Project Part I

(0 9 3)

PHY499

Senior Design Project Part II

(0 9 3)

PHY352 Courses related to project, as per advisor Courses related to project, as per advisor

PHY371

None

List of Non Credit Courses S. No. 1

Course Title Literature/History of Civilization/Philosophy/Psychology/Logic/Ethics/other courses in consultation with the advisor

5

MSc PROGRAM 2.1 Following Course Codes are suggested to be changed to make it accordingly to the BS program: S. No. 1 2 3 4 5

Course Title Study Skills EMT-II Communication Skills Lab-III Lab-IV

Old Code ENG-112 PHY-272 ENG-134 PHY-391 PHY-392

New Code ENG-101 PHY-372 ENG-102 PHY-291 PHY-292

Semester 1st 2nd 2nd 3rd 2nd

2.2 Following Course Pre-Requisites are suggested to be added: S. No. 1 2

Course Title

Course Code

Pre- Requisite

Nuclear Physics-I Computational Physics

PHY352 PHY361

PHY212 PHY221

Semester 3rd 3rd

2.3 Following Courses Pre-Requisites are suggested to be removed: S. No. 1 2 3 4

Course Title

Course Code

Pre- Requisite

Statistical Mechanics Solid state Physics’-I Atomic and Molecular Physics Solid State Physics-II

PHY311 PHY341 PHY351

PHY331 PHY221 PHY102

3rd 3rd 4th

PHY342

PHY212

4th

2.4 Following Course title is suggested to be changed: S. No. 1

Old Course Title Physics Lab-I

New Course Title Lab-I

Course Code PHY-191

2.5Following Lab is suggested to be added: S. No. 1

Course Title Physics Lab-II

Course Code PHY-192

2.6 Following Lab are suggested to be shifted:

Semester 2nd

Semester 1st

6

S. No. 1

Course Title Physics Lab-IV

From Semester 2nd

To Semester 4th

Annexure-B

Scheme of Studies MSc Physics M.Sc. in Physics (Kohat University of Science & Technology) Year

1st Year

Semester Course code

1st

Course Title Mathematical Methods of Physics-I

(3 0 3)

None

PHY271

Electromagnetic Theory-I

(3 0 3)

None

PHY211

Classical Mechanics

(3 0 3)

None

PHY203

Introductory Electronics

(3 0 3)

None

ENG101

Study Skills

(3 0 3)

None

PHY191

Lab-I

(0 3 1)

None

3rd

16

PHY222

Mathematical Methods of Physics-II

(3 0 3)

PHY221

PHY372

Electromagnetic Theory-II

(3 0 3)

PHY271

PHY212

Quantum Mechanics-I

(3 0 3)

None

PHY331

Thermodynamics

(3 0 3)

None

ENG102

Communication skills

(3 0 3)

None

PHY192

Lab-II

(0 3 1)

Total Credit Hours Per Semester

2nd

PR/CR*

PHY221

Total Credit Hours Per Semester

2nd

(TCH LCH CrH)

None

16

PHY352

Nuclear Physics-I

(3 0 3)

PHY212

PHY341

Solid State Physics-I

(3 0 3)

None

PHY311

Statistical Mechanics

(3 0 3)

None

PHY313

Quantum Mechanics-II

(3 0 3)

PHY361

Computational Physics

(3 0 3)

PHY212 PHY221

7 PHY291

Lab-III

Total Credit Hours Per Semester

4th

(0 3 1)

None

16

PHY351

Atomic and Molecular Physics

(3 0 3)

PHY212

PHY342

Solid State Physics-II

(3 0 3)

PHY341

PHY4**

Elective-I

(3 0 3)

***

PHY4**

Elective-II

(3 0 3)

***

PHY499

Project

(3 0 3)

None

PHY292

Lab IV

(0 3 1)

None

Total Credit Hours Per Semester *

PR/CR: Pre-Requisite / Co-Requisite

**

Course codes are given in the Elective courses list in BS program

16

*** Student may opt these courses as given in the BS program and the PR/CR for these courses are the same as for BS program

8

MPHIL AND PHD PROGRAM 3. 1

Following Course Codes are suggested be changed: S. No. 1

3. 2

Course Title

Old Code

New Code

Reactor Physics

PHY551(repeated)

PHY554

Following Course title is suggested to be changed: S. No. 1

Old Course Title

New Course Title

Course Code

Advance Mathematical Methods

Advance Mathematical Methods of Physics

PHY521

3.3 Following Courses is suggested to be added: S. No. 1 2 3 4

Course Title

Course Code

Luminescence and Applications Luminescence in Solids

PHY674 PHY671

Radiation Detection and Measurement Density Matrix Theory

PHY555

Compulsory/Optional Optional Optional Optional

PHY623

Optional

3.4 Following Courses are suggested to be removed: S. No. 1 2 3 4

Course Title

Course Code

Image Processing in Electron Microscopy, Optical Communication Advance Courses in Relativity Practicum in Teaching of Physics

PHY698 PHY673 PHY622 PHT600

Compulsory/Optional Optional Optional Optional Non-credit

9

Annexure-C

Scheme of Studies MPhil and PhD Physics S.No.

Course Tile

Course Code

(TCH LCH CrH)

1.

Advance Electromagnetic theory

PHY571

(3 0 3)

2

Advance Mathematical Methods of Physics

PHY521

(3 0 3)

Optional / Additional Courses /Specialization 3

Advance Quantum Mechanics

PHY511

(3 0 3)

4

Advance Statistical Mechanics

PHY512

(3 0 3)

5

Advance Computational Physics

PHY562

(3 0 3)

6

Advance Solid State Physics

PHY541

(3 0 3)

7

Space Technology, Science and Applications

PHY578

(3 0 3)

8

Nanotechnology and Nano Materials

PHY549

(3 0 3)

9

Lasers, Optoacoustics, Spectroscopy

PHY676

(3 0 3)

10

Fundamental of Thermal Physics

PHY632

(3 0 3)

11

Dielectric and Optical Properties of Materials

PHY741

(3 0 3)

12

Lasers Physics

PHY573

(3 0 3)

13

Microwave Communication

PHY675

(3 0 3)

10 14

Magnetic Properties of Materials

PHY811

(3 0 3)

15

Advance Atomic and Molecular Physics

PHY551

(3 0 3)

16

The Theory of Atomic Collisions

PHY552

(3 0 3)

17

The Experimental Techniques in Physics

PHY693

(3 0 3)

18

Advance Particle Physics

PHY553

(3 0 3)

19

Digital Image Processing

PHY661

(3 0 3)

20

Advance Modern Optics and Laser Physics

PHY672

(3 0 3)

21

Signal Processing

PHY625

(3 0 3)

22

Superconductivity

PHY642

(3 0 3)

23

Low Temperature Physics

PHY631

(3 0 3)

24

Reactor Physics

PHY554

(3 0 3)

25

Medical Physics Instrumentation

PHY591

(3 0 3)

26

Satellite Orbit Determination and Simulation

PHY611

(3 0 3)

27

Physics of Thin Films

PHY643

(3 0 3)

28

Advance Semi Conductor Devices

PHY644

(3 0 3)

39

Electron Microscopy-I

PHY691

(3 0 3)

30

Electron Microscopy-II

PHY692

(3 0 3)

31

Advance Material Science

PHY645

(3 0 3)

32

Magnetic Resonance (EPR/NMR) ?

PHY646

(3 0 3)

33

Techniques in Experimental Solid State Physics

PHY694

(3 0 3)

34

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

PHY695

(3 0 3)

35

Satellite Imaging Processing

PHY696

(3 0 3)

11 36

Ion’s Sputtering

PHY697

(3 0 3)

37

Advance Plasma Physics

PHY581

(3 0 3)

38

Advance Laser Plasma Interaction

PHY682

(3 0 3)

39

Advance String Theory-I

PHY523

(3 0 3)

40

Advance String Theory-II

PHY624

(3 0 3)

41

Geometry, Topology and Physics-I

PHY525

(3 0 3)

42

Geometry, Topology and Physics-II

PHY626

(3 0 3)

43

Super Symmetry and Supergravity

PHY527

(3 0 3)

44

Advance Quantum Field Theory

PHY522

(3 0 3)

45

Gauge/Gravity Duality

PHY754

(3 0 3)

46

Black holes

PHY857

(3 0 3)

47

Non commutative Field Theory

PHY655

(3 0 3)

48

F-Theory

PHY756

(3 0 3)

49

Atomic Physics in Hot Plasmas

PHY787

(3 0 3)

50

Laser Plasma Diagnostics

PHY888

(3 0 3)

51

Project/Research

PHY691

(0 0 6)

52

Project/Research

PHY999

(0 0 6)

53

General Theory of Relativity

PHY612

(3 0 3)

Electronic Structure Theory

PHY542

(3 0 3)

Density Functional Theory

PHY543

(3 0 3)

Luminescence and Applications

PHY 674

Luminescence in Solids

PH655

54 55 56 57

(3 0 3) (3 0 3)

12 58 59

Radiation Detection and Measurement

PHY555

Density Matrix Theory

PHY623

(3 0 3)

(3 0 3)

PASS COURSES (Not to be considered towards CGPA) 60

Seminars and Lectures

PHY601

(3 0 3)

61

Laboratory techniques in Physics

PHY690

(3 0 3)

62

Environmental Physics

PHY680

(3 0 3)

63

Practicum in teaching of Physics (Repeated)

PHY600

(3 0 3)

13

Annexure F

Lecture wise Distribution of courses 1st semester 1. Introductory Mechanics Course Code:

PHY101

Course Title:

Introductory Mechanics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

None

Recommended Texts:

1.

Fundamental of Physics, Haliday, D. Resnick & Walker, 2012: Extended ed. John Wiley, 9th Edition. 2. Principles of Physics, Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett, Cengage Learning, 2006 3. University Physics with Modern Physics, Hugh D. Young , Roger A. Freedman, Lewis Ford, Addison-Wesley; 12 edition (March 23, 2007) 4. Principles of Physics, Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett, Cengage Learning, 2006 5. Physics, Classical and Modern, 2nd Edition, by F. J. Keller, W. E. Gettys and M. J. Skove, McGraw Hill (1993)

Course Description: Course objectives: Review of vector analysis: Coordinate Systems, Vector and scalar triple products, Gradient of a Vector, Divergence and curl of a vector, Vector identities, Divergence and Stokes’ Theorems: Derivation, Physical importance and Applications to specific cases, Integral and differential forms, Vector fields and their properties.

14 Equations of motion, Deriving kinematics equations, Laws of motion and concept of force, Projectile motion, Uniform circular motion, Inertial frames, Non inertial frames and Pseudo forces, Centrifugal, Coriolis force, Nonuniform circular motion, Work done by a constant force and a variable forces, Work energy theorem, Power, Conservation of Energy , Conservative and non Conservation forces, Conservation of energy in a system of particles, Law of conservation of total energy of an isolated system, Potential energy, Gravitational potential energy. Linear momentum and its conservation, Two particles systems and generalization to many particle systems, Centre of mass system, Centre of mass of solid objects, Momentum Changes in a system of variable mass. Elastic collisions, conservation of momentum during collision, inelastic collisions in center of mass reference frame, Simple applications of obtaining velocities in the center of mass frame. Angular momentum and its conservation, Rotational kinematics, Moments of Inertia, Torque, Static equilibrium and Elasticity, Oscillatory motion, Fluid mechanics, Pressure, Buoyant force and Archimedes principle, Fluid dynamics, Equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s equation, Wave motion, wave equation, Interference and diffraction of waves, Sound waves, Plane and spherical waves, Periodic waves, the Doppler effect, Standing waves and their properties, Resonance. Newton’s law of universal, gravitation, Measuring the gravitational, constant, Free-fall acceleration and the, gravitational force, Kepler’s laws, The law of gravity and the motion of planets, The gravitational field, Gravitational potential energy, Energy considerations in, Planetary and satellite motion, The gravitational force between an extended object and a particle, The gravitational force between a particle and a spherical mass

1. Lab Experiments of Mechanics Addition of vector forces & resolving vector into its components Verifying hook's law using spring balance

All experiments can be performed using basic mechanics system & super pulley force table

15 Torque Find center of mass of irregular shaped body Motion on inclined plane Sliding & rolling friction SHM; mass on spring & simple pendulum Lever the simple machine Effect of air resistance on acceleration due to gravity How mass effect terminal velocity during free fall Coefficient of friction Sliding friction and conservation of energy Conservation of momentum in explosions Newton's 2nd law Acceleration down on inclined plane Conservation of momentum Projectile motion Rotational inertia of a disc and ring Centripetal force investigation by changing mass & radius Determine young's modulus Determine the breaking point of various materials

Discover free fall system

Introductory dynamics system

Projectile launcher Rotational system & centripetal force pendulum Stress/strain system

3.Waves and Oscillations

TEXT BOOK Fundamentals of Physics: Halliday and Resnick (10 th Edition) by Jearl Walker, John Wiley & Sons (2014)

REF. BOOKS

16 Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics by Raymond Serway and John Jewett Jr, Brooks/Cole (2014) Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics and Mastering Physics (4 th Edition) by Douglas C. Giancoli, Addison Wesley (2008)

Aim: To enable students to appreciate the deep link between the mathematical formulation developed for waves of different kinds and to enable them to apply the same to various physical phenomena. Description: Starting with the simple harmonic motion, damped and forced oscillations, the phenomenon of resonance will be discussed. This would be followed by transverse and longitudinal waves, speed, intensity, interference of sound waves, Doppler effect and beat waves will be discussed. The course will also expose students to various numerical problems that would help them understand and be able to apply the concepts of different wave phenomena. Lecture Contents Lecture 1-4. Introduction, vibration, oscillation, periodic motion, simple harmonic motion, the force law of simple harmonic motion, energy in simple harmonic motion, an angular simple harmonic oscillator Lecture 5-8. Pendulums, Uniform circular motion, damped simple harmonic motion, Forced oscillations and resonance Lecture 9. Review Lecture 10. Problem solving session Lecture 11. Semester test 1 Lecture 12-15. Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of a travelling wave, wave speed on a stretched string, energy and power of a wave traveling along a string Lecture 16-19. The wave equation, interference of waves, phasors, standing waves and resonance Lecture 20. Review Lecture 21. Problem solving session Lecture 22. Semester test 2 Lecture 23. Speed of sound waves and travelling sound waves, interference, intensity and sound level Lecture 26-27. Sources of musical sound, beats Lecture 28-29. The Doppler effect, supersonic speeds, shock waves Lecture 30. Review and problem-solving session _______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Introductory Electricity Course Code:

PHY104

Course Title:

Introductory Electricity

17 (TCH LCH Cr.H): Pre-requisite (s): Recommended Texts:

(3 0 3) None 1. Haliday, D. Resnick & Walker Fundamental of Physics Extended ed. John Wiley, 9th Edition, 2012. 2. Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett, Principles of Physics,Cengage Learning, 2006. 3. Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman, Lewis Ford University Physicswith Modern Physics, AddisonWesley; 12th edition, 2007. 4. F. J. Keller, W. E. Gettys and M. J. Skove Physics, Classical and Modern, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1993.

Lecture No. 1,2 3,4 5,6 7,8 9 10 11 12

13

14 15 16 17 18,19 20,21 22,23 24,25 26,27

Topic Field due to a point charge; due to several point charges Electric dipole. Electric field of continuous charge distribution :a ring of charge; a disc of charge; an infinite line of charge Electric field of continuous charge distribution :a disc of charge; an infinite line of charge Electric field of continuous charge distribution : an infinite line of charge Point charge in an electric field Torque on and energy of a dipole in uniform field Gauss’s law (integral and differential forms) and its application to charged isolated conductors, a conductor with a cavity Field near a charged conducting sheet, field of an infinite line of charge, field of infinite sheet of charge, field due to charged spherical shell, field due to spherical charge distribution Potential due to point charge, potential due to a collection of point charges, Potential due to a dipole, electric potential of continuous charge distribution, Poisson’s and Lap lace equations (without solution) Potential and field inside and outside an isolated Conductor field as the gradient or derivative of potential Capacitance, calculation the electric field in a capacitor Capacitors of various shapes cylindrical, spherical Calculation of capacitances

18 28 29,30 31,32 33,34 35,36 37,38 39,40 41 42 43 44 45

Energy stored in an electric field Capacitor with dielectric Electric field inside dielectric (an atomic view) Application of Gauss’ Law to capacitor with dielectrics Electric Current, current density J Resistance, receptivity, and conductivity Ohm’s Law, energy transfer in an electric circuit Equation of continuity D.C resistive using Kirchoff’s Laws Thevinen’s theorem Norton ‘s theorem and Superposition theorem Growth and Decay of current in an RC circuit (analytical treatment).

5.Lab II PHY 192 Charge by induction Principal of the faraday's ice pail Verify; Q=CV Verifying ohm's law Verifying kirchhoff's law Charging and discharging of capacitor and measure time constant Differentiater and integrater circuit PNP and NPN characteristics Force on current carrying wire Semi conducter diode characteristics Learning half/ful wave rectification Induced emf Studying RLC series/parallel circuits Behaviour of capacitor in series and parallel Calculate frequency and amplitude of a given AC signal Transformer basics

3rd Semester 6. Basics of Magnetism Course Code:

PHY202

19 Course Title:

Basics of Magnetism

(TCH LCH Cr.H):

(2 0 2)

Pre-requisite (s):

PHY104 “Introductory Electricity”

Recommended Texts: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Haliday, D. Resnick & Walker Fundamental of Physics Extended ed. John Wiley, 9th Edition, 2012. Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett, Principles of Physics,Cengage Learning, 2006. Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman, Lewis Ford University Physics with Modern Physics, Addison-Wesley; 12thedition, 2007. F. J. Keller, W. E. Gettys and M. J. Skove Physics, Classical and Modern, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1993.

Course Description: This course is about the Magnetic Field Effects and Magnetic Properties of Matter. The basic laws of magnetism and concepts of conservation of magnetic flux are discussed in detail. Moreover, the different type of materials having magnetic properties along with the origin of magnetism is elaborated. Objectives:   

Origin of Magnetism. Introduction to Electricity Understanding of laws about electricity and magnetism

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture Number L1 L2 L3

Topic Magnetic Field Effects and Magnetic Properties of Matter Magnetic force on a charged particle Magnetic force on a current

L4

Torque on a current loop

L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10

Magnetic Dipole Energy of magnetic dipole in field Lorentz Force with its applications i.e. CRO

L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17

Ampere’s Law Integral and differential forms, applications to solenoids and toroids. (Integral form) Gausses’ Law for Magnetism

Biot-Savart Law Analytical treatment and applications to a current loop force on two parallel current changing conductors

Concepts of conservation of magnetic flux Differential form of Gausses Law Origin of Atomic and Nuclear magnetism

20 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24

Basic ideas; Bohr Magnetron Magnetization Magnetic Materials Para magnetism, Diamagnetism,

Ferromagnetism-Discussion Hysteretic losses in ferromagnetic materials.

7. Classical Mechanics Course code:

PHY211

Course Title:

Classical Mechanics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

I. II. III.

Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, 3rd Ed., Addison Wesley Reading, Massachusetts, 2006 Classical Dynamics of Particles and System, Jerry B. Marian, Stephen T. Thornton, 4th Ed., Harcourt Brace & Company, 1995 Classical Mechanics, A. Douglas Davis, Academics Press, 1986

Course Description: This course emphasizes a systematic approach to the mathematical formulation of mechanics problems and to the physical interpretation of the solutions. Fundamental concepts and principles in classical mechanics will be applied to particles, systems of articles and rigid bodies. A set of core concepts—space, time, mass, force, momentum, torque, and angular momentum—were introduced in classical mechanics in order to solve the most famous physics problem, the motion of the planets. Conservation laws involving energy, momentum and angular momentum provided a second parallel approach to solving many of the same problems. In this course, we will investigate both approaches: Force and conservation laws In this course we will study about Brief survey of Newtonian Mechanics of a system of particles, Frame of Reference, Conservation Theorem, Rocket motion, Limitation of Newtonian Mechanics, Simple Harmonic Oscillation, Harmonic Oscillation in two dimensions, Phase Diagram, Damped Oscillation, Reduced Mass,

21 Conservation theorems, First integral of the motion, Equation of motion, Orbits in a central field, Centrifugal energy and effective potential, Planetary motion, Kepler’s law, Reduction of two body problem to an equivalent one body problem, Linear and angular momentum of the system of particles, Energy of the system, Elastic collisions of two particles, Inelastic collisions, Cross-sections, Rutherford scattering formular, Constraints, Gereralized coordinates, Virtual displacement, Virtual work and D’Alembert’s principal, LaGrange’s equation, Velocity depdentent potentials and dissipation function, Applications Lagrange’s equation, Hamilton’s principle, Techniques of calculus of variations, Application of calculus of variations, Derivation of Lagrange’s equation from Hamilton’s principle, Technieques of calculus of variations, Hamilton’s principle, Extension of Hamilton’s principle to Non-homonymic system, Advantages of variational principle formulations, Conservation theorems and symmetry properties, Energy function and conservation of energy,

Legendre Transformation, Hamilton

Equation of motion, Cyclic coordinates and conservation theorems, Routh procedure, Hamilton’s formulation of relativistic mechanics, Derivation of Hamilton’s equation from variational principle, Principle of least action, Poisson’s brackets. Objectives:            

Gain deeper understanding of classical mechanics. Consolidate the understanding of fundamental concepts in mechanics such as force, energy, momentum etc. more rigorously as needed for further studies in physics, engineering and technology. Advance skills and capability for formulating and solving problems. Expand and exercise the students’ physical intuition and thinking process through the understanding of the theory and application of this knowledge to the solution of practical problems. Increase mathematical and computational sophistication. Learn and apply advanced mathematical techniques and methods of use to physicists in solving problems. Develop some capabilities for numerical/computational methods, in order to obtain solutions to problems too difficult or impossible to solve analytically.

LECTURE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTENTS

Lecture Number L1 L2

TOPIC Brief survey of Newtonian Mechanics of a system of particles Frame of Reference

L3

Conservation Theorem

L4

Rocket motion

L5

Limitation of Newtonian Mechanics

L6

Simple Harmonic Oscillation

L7

Harmonic Oscillation in two dimensions

L8 L9

Phase Diagram Damped Oscillation

22 L10

Reduced Mass

L11

Conservation theorems

L12

First integral of the motion

L13

Equation of motion

L14 L15 L16

Orbits in a central field Centrifugal energy and effective potential Planetary motion

L17

Kepler’s law

L18

Reduction of two body problem to an equivalent one body problem

L19

Linear and angular momentum of the system of particles

L20

Energy of the system

L21

Elastic collisions of two particles

L22

Inelastic collisions

L23

Cross-sections

L24

Rutherford scattering formular

L25

Constraints

L26

Gereralized coordinates

L27

Virtual displacement

L28

Virtual work and D’Alembert’s principal

L29

LaGrange’s equation

L30

Velocity depdentent potentials and dissipation function

L31

Applications Lagrange’s equation

L32

Hamilton’s principle

L33

Techniques of calculus of variations

L34

Application of calculus of variations

L35

Derivation of Lagrange’s equation from Hamilton’s principle

L36

Technieques of calculus of variations

L37

Hamilton’s principle

L38

Extension of Hamilton’s principle to Non-homonymic system

L39

Advantages of variational principle formulations

L40

Conservation theorems and symmetry properties

L41

Energy function and conservation of energy

L42

Legendre Transformation

L43

Hamilton Equation of motion

L44

Cyclic coordinates and conservation theorems

L45

Routh procedure

23

8. Mathematical Methods of Physics-I

Course code

PHY221

Course Title

Mathematical Methods of Physics-I

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite

None

Recommended Texts

1.

Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, 6th edition, Elsevier Academic Press, 2005.

2.

Mathematical Methods for Physical Sciences, L. M. Boss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006.

3.

Introduction to Mathematical Physics, C. Wa Wong, 2 nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2013.

4.

Foundations of Mathematical Physics, Sadri Hassani, 2 nd edition, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2013.

5.

Introduction to Mathematical Physics, C. Harper, Prentice Hall, Inc., 1976.

24

Aim: To enable students understand the fundamental concepts of mathematical techniques to solve problems in different fields of science, engineering, and technology. Objectives: 1. To familiarize students with the mathematical techniques to handle problems in different fields. 2. To guide students understand how to describe a physical process in mathematical form. 3. To provide students the basic skills necessary for the application of mathematical methods in physics. Course Description: Starting with the very basics of physical quantities, the concepts of mathematical techniques are introduced. The basic concepts of vectors are motivated with suitable examples. The fundamental theorems of vector analysis are explained followed by defining the gradient, curl and divergence of vector fields. Further, the delta functions are discussed in detail. In turn matrix theory is developed for solution of practical problems. Moreover, the functions of complex variables are discussed and the underlying concepts are assisted with appropriate examples. Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3

Topics Review of vectors Coordinate systems, types of rectangular coordinate systems Plane polar coordinates

L4

Circular cylindrical coordinates

L5

Spherical coordinates

L6 L7

Vector algebra Transformation of vectors

L8

dot and cross products

L9 L10

Triple scalar products of vectors Triple vector products of vectors

L11

Differentiation of vectors fields, examples

L12

Gradient of scalar field function

L13

Divergence of vector fields, examples

L14

Curl of vector fields, examples

L15

Vector identities

L16

Levi-Civita Symbol, examples

L17

Vector integration with examples

L18

Gauss’s theorem, proof and discussion

L19 L20

Green’s theorem in plane Stokes’s theorem

L21

Kronecker Delta Functions

L22

Dirac Delta Functions

L23

Introduction to tensor and its basic definitions

25 L24 L25

Covariant and contra-variant Tensors Tensor algebra, contraction

L26 L27

Direct product, summation convention Quotient rule, examples

L28

Determinants and Matrices: Linear vector spaces

L29

Linear Dependence of Vectors

L30

Determinants, examples

L31

Matrices, Algebra of matrices

L32

Orthogonal matrices

L33

Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization

L34

Hermitian matrices

L35 L36

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices Diagonalization of matrices, examples

L37

Complex Variables: Functions of a complex variable

L38 L39

Complex Algebra Cauchy Riemann Conditions and analytic functions

L40 L41

Cauchy Integral Theorem and integral formula Simply and multiply connected regions, Cauchy’s Integral Formula

L42

Laurent Expansion, Taylor and Laurent Series

L43

Singularities, Poles, Branch Points

L44 L45

Calculus of Residues, Residue Theorem, Complex integration, examples

9. Introductory Electronics Serial # Lecture # 1 Lecture # 2 Lecture # 3 Lecture# 4 Lecture # 5 Lecture # 6 Lecture # 7 Lecture # 8 Lecture # 9 Lecture # 10 Lecture # 11

Topics The PN junction, band structure of a p-n-junction Theory of p-n junction diode, volt ampere characteristics Diode resistance, transition, capacitance, diffusion capacitance. Diode circuit model Application diode as rectifiers Zener diodes and its applications Zener regulators, Scotty diodes, light emitting diodes, photodiodes, and tunnel diodes and its applications Bipolar transistors, parameters and ratings BJT : Switching circuits, Biasing and stability BJT: Common emitter, common base and common collector amplifiers BJT Power amplifier: , power class A,B, and C amplifiers Field Effect transistors: Junction FET, Metal Oxide FET, operation and

26

Lecture # 12 Lecture # 13 Lecture# 14 Lecture # 15 Lecture # 16 Lecture # 17 Lecture # 18 Lecture # 19 Lecture # 20 Lecture # 21 Lecture # 22 Lecture # 23 Lecture # 24

construction Biasing FET: Common source and common drain amplifiers, frequency response Transistors; junction FET, MOSFET operation and construction Biasing, Common source and common drain amplifiers, Frequency response Operational amplifier, theory and Classifications Op-Amp: Non inverting and inverting circuits, feedback and stability Op-amp applications; comparators, summing, active fitters, Integrator and Differentiator, Instrumentation amplifier. Introduction to Digital electronics Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number system, their inter-conversion, concepts of logic,. Basic logic gates and truth table De-Morgan’s theorem Simplification of Boolean expression by Boolean postulates K-maps and their uses. Don’t care condition Logic circuits based on AND-OR, OR-AND Gates

Charge by induction

Lecture # 24 Lecture # 25 Lecture # 26 Lecture # 27 Lecture # 28 Lecture # 29 Lecture # 30 Lecture # 31 Lecture # 32 Lecture # 33 Lecture # 34 Lecture # 35 Lecture # 36 Lecture # 37 Lecture # 38 Lecture # 39 Lecture # 40 Lecture # 41 Lecture # 42 Lecture # 43 Lecture # 44 Lecture # 45

Logic circuits based on NAND, NOR Logic Logic Gate design Addition, subtraction (2’s compliments) Half adder, full adder, half subtractor, encoder, decoder Exclusive OR gate and its implementations Flip-flops and Latches Clocked RS-FF Flip flops: D-FF, T-FF, JK-FF Shift Register Counters (Ring, Ripple, up-down, Synchronous) Analog to Digital Convertor: A/D and D/A. Convertors Introduction to Memories: ROM, PROM EAPROM, EE PROM Memories: RAM, (Static and dynamic) Memory mapping techniques Application and Programing of Memories Re-cap of Subject Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation

10. Lab III PHY 291

27 Principal of the faraday's ice pail Force on current carrying wire Induced emf Transformer basics Differentiator /Integrator circuit Magnetic field of solenoid Ac/DC motor Hand crank generator

4th Semester 11. Quantum Mechanics-I Course code

PHY212

Course Title

Quantum Mechanics-I

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

28 None

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts

1. Introductory Quantum Mechanics, Richard L. Liboff, 4th Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2002. 2. Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Application, Nouredine Zettli, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. 3. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffiths, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2014. 4. Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction, W. Greiner, 4th Edition, SpringerVerlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. 5. Modern Quantum Mechanics, J. J. Sakurai, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2014. 6. Principles of Quantum Mechanics, R. Shankar, 2nd Edition, Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., 1994.

Aim: This course aims to enable students understand the basic concepts of quantum mechanics. This is a first formal quantum mechanics course and the idea is to teach basic quantum mechanical skills, which can later be used in advanced quantum mechanics courses and other related physics. Objectives: 1. To familiarize students with the basic properties of quantum world. 2. To enable students understand the basic concepts and principles of quantum mechanics. 3. To guide students understand how to describe a physical process in quantum mechanics. Course Description:

This course develops concepts in quantum mechanics that enable the students to understand the behavior of the physical universe from a fundamental point of view. It provides a basis for further study of quantum mechanics. Contents include: The postulates of quantum mechanics, function spaces, operators, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, Superposition and Compatible Observables, infinite well in one and three dimensions, Time Development, Conservation Theorems, and Parity, Hermiticity; scalar products of wave functions, completeness relations, matrix mechanics; Schroedinger’s Equation.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3

Topics Introduction to quantum mechanics Review of concepts of classical mechanics

state of a system, observables and operators

29 L4

Measurement in quantum mechanics

L5 L6

The state function and expectation values

L7

The time development of the state function

L8 L9

Solution to the initial-value problem in quantum mechanics.

L10 L11

The state of a system and its normalization

L12

Hilbert Space and its properties

L13

Hermitian Operators

L14

Hermitian Adjoint

L15

Properties of Hermitian operators

L16

The superposition principle

L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24

Hilbert-Space Interpretation The initial square wave The chopped beam Superposition and uncertainty Commutator relations in quantum mechanics Commutator theorem Commutator relations and the uncertainty principle Time Development of State Functions

L25 L26 L27 L28

The discrete and continuous cases Free-Particle Propagator Distortion of the Gaussian State in Time Flattening of the delta function

L29

Time Development of Expectation

L30

Values Ehrenfest’s Principle

L31

Conservation of Energy

L32

Linear and Angular Momentum

L33

Conservation of Parity

L34

General Properties of one-dimensional Schroedinger’s Equation

L35 L36

The Harmonic Oscillator: Classical treatment Annihilation and Creation Operators

L37 L38 L39 L40

Eigenfunctions of the Harmonic Oscillator Hamiltonian The Harmonic Oscillator in Momentum Space Unbound States Continuity Equation

Examples of finding the expectation values

Particle in a box Dirac notation of the state

30 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Transmission and Reflection Coefficients One-Dimensional Barrier Problems The rectangular barrier tunneling The Ramsauer Effect Kinetic Properties of a Wave Packet Scattered from a Potential Barrier

12. Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics (4th Edition) by Yunus A. Çengel and John M. Cimbala, McGraw-Hill Education (2018) REF. BOOKS: Fluid Mechanics by Frank White, McGraw-Hill Education (2016) TEXT BOOK:

31

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics by Herbert Oertel, Translated by Katherine Mayes, Universitat verlag Karlsruhe (2005) Aim: To equip students with the basic concepts in Fluid Mechanics and help them analyze fluidflows. Description: Starting with the basic classifications of fluid flow and properties of fluids, fluid statics and fluid kinematics will be discussed that would lead to the Bernoulli’s equation and its application in analyzing various fluid flows. Lecture Contents Lect. 1-3: Introduction, Classification of Fluid Flows, Problem-Solving Technique Lect. 4-7: Density and Specific Gravity, Vapor Pressure and Cavitation, Energy and Specific Heats, Compressibility and Speed of Sound, Viscosity, Surface Tension and Capillary Effect Lect.8: Review Lect. 9-14: Pressure, Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged, Plane Surfaces, Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Curved, Surfaces, Buoyancy and Stability, Fluids in Rigid-Body Motion Lect.15: Review Lect. 16: Mid Semester Test Lect. 17-22: Lagrangian and Eulerian Descriptions, Flow Patterns and Flow Visualization, Vorticity and Rotationality, The Reynolds Transport Theorem Lect. 23: Review Lect. 24-29: Conservation of Mass, Mechanical Energy and Efficiency, The Bernoulli Equation and Applications, General Energy Equation, Energy Analysis of Steady Flows Lect. 30: Review

13. Mathematical Methods of Physics-II Course Code

PHY222

Course Title

Mathematical Methods of Physics-II

(TCH LCH Cr.H)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite (s)

PHY221

Recommended Texts:

1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, 6 th edition, Elsevier Academic Press, 2005. 2. Mathematical Methods for Physical Sciences, L. M. Boss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006.

32 3. Introduction to Mathematical Physics, C. Wa Wong, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2013. 4. Foundations of Mathematical Physics, Sadri Hassani, 2nd edition, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2013. 5. Introduction to Mathematical Physics, C. Harper, Prentice Hall, Inc., 1976.

Aim: To enable students understand the basic concepts of mathematical techniques to solve problems in different fields of science, engineering, and technology. Objectives: 1. To familiarize students with the mathematical techniques to handle problems in different fields. 2. To guide students understand how to describe a physical process in mathematical form. 3. To facilitate mastery and application of a wide range of basic mathematical methods and techniques. Course description: In this course, differential equations and their solutions are analyzed in detail. The Fourier series expansion is exploited with appropriate examples. Later on integrals transform are explained which can help to transform a physical process from one space to another. Furthermore, special functions are presented to understand the physical applications of mathematical techniques.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture Number

Topics

L1

Introduction to differential equations

L2

First and second order linear differential equations

L3

Partial differential equations in theoretical physics

L4

First order linear differential equations, Separation of variables

L5

Exact Differential Equations, examples

L6

Linear First-Order ODEs, examples

33 L7

Separation of Variables: Cartesian Coordinates,

L8

Separation of Variables: Circular Cylindrical Coordinates

L9

Separation of Variables: Spherical Polar Coordinates

L10

Singular Points, examples

L11

Homogeneous differential equations

L12

Series solution- Frobenius’s method of differential equations

L13

Limitations of Series Approach-Bessel’s Equation

L14

Linear Independence of solutions, Wronskian formalism

L15

Formalism of second solution

L16

Series form of the second solution

L17

Examples of the second solution

L18

Non-homogeneous differential equations

L19

Fourier Series: Definition and general properties

L20

Fourier series of various physical functions

L21

Uses and application of Fourier series

L22

Integral Transforms: Integral Transforms

L23

Fourier Transforms, examples

L24

Development of Fourier integral, examples

L25

Fourier Transforms-Inversion Theorem

L26

Sine and Cosine Transforms, examples

L27

Fourier Transform of Derivatives

L28

Convolution theorem, examples

L29

Parseval’s relation, examples

L30

Momentum representation, examples

L31

Laplace Transforms

L32

Laplace Inverse Transform

L33

Laplace Transform of Derivatives, examples

L34

Convolution Theorem

L35

Inverse Laplace Transform

L36

Bessel functions of first kind and its generating function

L37

Recurrence relations of Bessel function

L38

Derivation of Bessel’s differential equation

L39

Integral representation of Bessel functions

34 L40

Neumann functions

L41

Hankel functions

L42

Legendre Function and its generating function

L43

Linear Electric Multipole

L44

Recurrence relations of Legendre Function

L45

Hermite function and its generating function, Recurrence relations

14. Electromagnetic Theory-I Course No.

PHY271

Course Title:

Electromagnetic Theory-I

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

None

Recommended Texts:

I. II. III. IV. V.

David J. Griffiths, third edition “Introduction to Electrodynamics” Pearson; 4 edition (October 6, 2012) Allyn & bacon Inc., Massachusetts Ohanion, H. C.; 1988: Classical Electrodynamics. Co. Lt., Singapore.Y.K. Lim; 1986: Introduction to Classical Electrodynamics, World Scientific Publishing W.H. Freeman & Co., New York.P.C. Lorrain & D.R. Corson, 1978: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves. John Wiely, 1975 Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics,

Course description:

This course describes the electric fields of charge particles at rest, the fundamental laws of electrostatics, the methods of calculating the electric force/ electric fields due to some known symmetries and known charge configurations. The concept of electric potential, work done in a uniform electric field and the effects of electric fields when applied to a conducting and dielectric mediums. The concept of energy stored in an electric field and the associated properties are also part of this course. Objectives:   

To understand the governing laws of electrostatics i.e., Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law and Poison’s equations in various physical settings To develop the understanding of electric potential and work done inside an electric field To understand the descriptions of electric field across a conducting & dielectric mediums

35

LECTURE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTENTS Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35

TOPIC The operator, Gradients, Divergence, Curl Fandamental theorem of integration Ordinary deravatives, Examples Second Deravatives, Laplacians Gausses Divergence Theorem Stoke’s Theorem Problem solutions on the related topics Spherical polar coordinates Cylindrical coordinates Dirac-Delta function and its properties Coulomb’s law Electric field Field lines Solutions of selected problems related to Coulombs law Flux and Gausses law Application of Gausses law Electric potential Problem solutions Poisson and Laplace equation Electrostatic boundary condition Work done to move a charge The energy of a point distribution Energy of a continuous charge distribution Induced charge The surface charge and force on a conductor Capacitor Laplace equation in one two and three dimension Boundary condition and uniqueness theorem Conductor and second uniqueness theorem Separation of variables in Cartesian coordinates Problem solutions Spherical coordinates Multipole expansion Monopole and dipole term

36 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Electric field of a dipole Dielectric Polarization Bound charge Physical interpretation of a bound charge Field inside of a dielectric Problem Solutions Electric displacement Gausses law in the presence of a dielectric Linear dielectrics

15. Data Analysis Techniques Course No.

PHY291

Course Title:

Data Analysis Techniques

(TCH LCH CrH) Pre-requisite:

(3 0 3)

Recommended Texts:

1. H.D.Young, Statistical Treatment of Methods of Experimental Physics, Academic Press, Inc. New York & London Vol.1. 2. P. Bevington, Data Reduction and Error Analysis for Physical Science, McGraw Hill. 3. J.B.Toping, Errors of Observations, IOP, 1962.

Course Objectives: Evaluation of measurement, Systematic Errors, Accuracy, Accidental Errors, Precision, Statistical Methods; Mean Value and Variance, Statistical Control of Measurements, Errors of Direct measurements, Rejection of data, Significance of results, Propagation of errors, preliminary Estimation, Errors of Computation, Least squares fit to a polynomial, Nonlinear functions, Data manipulation, smoothing, interpolation and extrapolation, linear and parabolic interpolation. Objectives:

The main objectives of this course are: 1. Plan data collection, to turn data into information and to make decisions that lead to appropriate action. 2. Apply the methods taught to different problems. 3. Communicate statistical information in oral and written form. 4. Plan, analyze, and interpret the results of experiments.

37

16.Lab IV PHY 292 Inverse square law

Thermal radiation lab system

Studying mechanical waves characteristics

Mechanical wave driver & string vibrator

Studying reflection, refraction & interferance phenomina Invetigating the resonant modes of a streched string Measuring the velocity of wave propagateion on string Transfer gravitational potential energy/mechanical energy to electrical energy Thermal capacity and specific heat of Al, Cu and lead Latent hat of vaporization/fusion Study the change in length of different metallic tubes as the temperature rises Emperically determine the absolute zero temperature Verify ideal gas law Verify gay lussac's law Verify charles' and boyle's laws Stefan-boltzmanz law at low temperature

Ripple tank system Sonometer system Energy transfer-generator, Hand Crank Generator Basic calorimetry set & Steam Generator Computer based thermal expension Absolute zero apparatus Heat Engine or Gas Law Apparatus Thermal Radiation System

5th Semester 17. Thermodynamics Course code.

PHY331

Course Title:

Thermodynamics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

1. Heat and Thermodynamics Mark W. Zemansky, Richard H. Dittman 2. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and statistical Thermodynamics, Third edition, Sears, Salinger.

Course Description: This course present elementary statistical concept along with examples and applications. Well known statistical distribution like Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, Photon statistics, Bose

38

Einstein statistics, Fermi Dirac statistics, and Quantum statistic in the classical limit are discussed in detail. Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

6.

To be able to state the First Law and to define heat, work, thermal efficiency and the difference between various forms of energy. (quiz, self-assessment, PRS) To be able to identify and describe energy exchange processes (in terms of various forms of energy, heat and work) in aerospace systems. (quiz, homework, self-assessment, PRS) To be able to explain at a level understandable by a high school senior or non-technical person how various heat engines work (e.g. a refrigerator, an IC engine, a jet engine). (quiz, homework, self-assessment, PRS) To be able to apply the steady-flow energy equation or the First Law of Thermodynamics to a system of thermodynamic components (heaters, coolers, pumps, turbines, pistons, etc.) to estimate required balances of heat, work and energy flow. (homework, quiz, self-assessment, PRS) To be able to explain at a level understandable by a high school senior or non-technical person the concepts of path dependence/independence and reversibility/irreversibility of various thermodynamic processes, to represent these in terms of changes in thermodynamic state, and to cite examples of how these would impact the performance of aerospace power and propulsion systems. (homework, quiz, self-assessment, PRS) To be able to apply ideal cycle analysis to simple heat engine cycles to estimate thermal efficiency and work as a function of pressures and temperatures at various points in the cycle

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number

Topic

L1 L2

Temperature and Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Macroscopic and microscopic point of view

L3

Scope of Thermodynamics

L4

Thermal Equilibrium and Zeroth Law

L5 L6 L7

Thermometer and temperature Comparison of Thermometer Platinum Resistance Thermometry

L8

Radiation Thermometry

L9

Radiation Thermometry, Thermocouple

L10

Simple Thermodynamics System

L11

Thermodynamic equilibrium

L12

Equation of state

L13

Hydrostatic

L14

Mathematical Theorem Stretched wire

L15

Surfaces Electrochemical Cell

L16

Dielectric Slab and Paramagnetic

L17

Work. Quasi-static process

L18

Work in changing volume of hydrodynamic system

39 L19

PV diagram and Hydrostatics work depends on path

L20

Work in changing length of wire

L21

Work in moving charge in electrochemical cell

L22

Work in changing the total magnetization of paramagnetic solid

L23

generalized work

L24

composite system

L25

Heat and first law of Thermodynamics

L26

Work and heat

L27

Adiabatic work

L28

Internal energy ftn

L29

Mathematical formulation of First Law

L30 L31

Concept of Heat Differential form of First Law

L32

Heat Capacity and its measurement

L33

Specific heat of water

L34

Quasi-static flow of heat

L35

Heat conduction

L36

Thermal conductivity

L37

Heat convection

L38

Kirchoff’s Law

L39

Black body

L40

Steafen Boltzman Law

L41

Ideal Gas

L42

Equation of state of a gas an ideal gas

L43

Ideal gas

L44

Quasistatic Adiabatic process

L45

Ruchaardt’s method of measuring

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

Kinetic theory of Ideal gas The second Law of Thermodynamics Conversion of work into heat and vice versa Different types of engines Kelvin- Planck statement of 2nd law Clauses statement of second law reversibility and irreversibility Entropy: Principle of Carathedory entropy of ideal gas TS diagram

40

57 58 59

Reversibility and irreversibility Principle of increase of entropy Entropy and disorder

18. Solid State Physics-I

Course No.

PHY341

Course Title:

Solid State Physics-I

(TCH LCH CrH) Pre-requisite:

(3 0 3) PHY212

Recommended Texts:

1. C. Kittle, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th edition 1996, John Wiley. 2. J. S. Blakemore, Solid State Physics, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1985. 3. M.A. Omer, Elementary Solid State Physics, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.1974. 4. Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittle, 7th edition 1996, John Wiley. 5. Magnetism: From Fundamentals to Nanoscale Dynamics, J. Stöhr and H.C. Siegmann , Springer Series in solid-state sciences, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006

Course Description: The course introduces the basic concepts used to characterise the atomic, crystalline and electronic structure of crystalline solids, as well as the models that are used to describe their thermal and electrical properties. Crystal Structures and Crystal Geometry: Simple crystal structure and basis crystal structure, the space lattice, Basic definitions of crystallography, Primitive and non-premitive unit cells, Bravais and non-Bravais lattices, 7 crystal systems and 14 Bravais lattices and their classification, Some representative crystal structures, Atomic packing factor, Miller indices, Planes and directions in crystals, WignerSeitz cell, Miller indices for crystallographic planes, Crystallographic axes, crystal symmetries (translational, rotational, reflection), Diract imaging of crystals: Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)

41

Reciprocal lattice and X-Ray Diffraction: Crystal Structure Analysis, X-rays and electrons can be used for crystal diffraction, Principles of X-ray generation and X-ray sources, X-ray diffraction and Bragg’s law, Diffraction conditions for x-ray diffraction from crystals (for elastic and inelastic case), Scattered wave amplitude, Fourier analysis of electron number density, Ewald construction as a geometrical interpretation of Bragg’s condition, Reciprocal lattice and relation between direct and reciprocal lattice vectors, Laue equations, Brillouin Zones, FCC in real space is BCC and vice versa, Fourier analysis of Basis, Structure factor and Atomic form factor. Atomic Structure and Crystal Bonding: Interatomic forces and types of atomic and molecular bonds (Covalent. Metallic, ionic), Van der Waals bonding, hydrogen bonding Lattice Vibrations: Phonons, average energy of phonons, The concept of energy quantization-Black body radiation, phonons can be created by increasing temperature (unlike fermions), Heat capacity, specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity, Some examples of heat capacity from daily life, Classical model of heat capacity (Dulong and Petit Law), Einstein theory of specific heat capacity, Despersion Relations and density of states, Debye model for heat capacity, heat conduction, Thermal conductivity: phenomenological approach, Thermal conductivity: microscopic approach, Some examples of thermal conductivity from daily life. Free electron theory of metals: Free electrons, Neglecting electron-electron and electron-ions interaction, Ohm’s law and Electrical resistivity/conductivity, Drude Model, , electrical resistivity versus temperature, Wiedemann-Franz Law, The Hall effect and Cyclotron frequency, The problem of electrons’ contribution to specific heat capacity can be resolved by consulting Quantum mechanics, The Pauli exclusion principle and temperature dependence of Fermi-Dirac distribution function, Summerfeld’s quantum theory. Objectives: After completion of the course the students should be able to:    

Explain the basic concepts that are used to describe the structure and physical properties of crystalline substances Use physical models to perform calculations of the properties of solids Summarise an experimental work and its theoretical interpretation in a written report Give an overview of an application related to the physical phenomena treated in the course

42

LECTURE-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTENTS Lecture TOPICS Number L1 Simple crystal structure and basis crystal structure, the space lattice L2

Basic definitions of crystallography, Primitive and non-premitive unit cells

L3 L4

Bravais and non-Bravais lattices, 7 crystal systems and 14 Bravais lattices and their classification Some representative crystal structures

L5

Atomic packing factor, Miller indices

L6

Planes and directions in crystals, Wigner-Seitz cell

L7

Miller indices for crystallographic planes

L8

Crystal symmetries (translational, rotational, reflection)

L9

Crystal Structure Analysis, X-rays and electrons can be used for crystal diffraction

L10 L11

Principles of X-ray generation and X-ray source X-ray diffraction and Bragg’s law

L12

The Scattered wave amplitude

L13 L14

Diffraction conditions for x-ray diffraction from crystals (for elastic and inelastic case Fourier analysis of electron number density

L15

Ewald construction as a geometrical interpretation of Bragg’s condition

L16

Reciprocal lattice and relation between direct and reciprocal lattice vectors,

L17

Laue equations

L18

Brillouin Zones, FCC in real space is BCC and vice versa

L19

Fourier analysis of Basis, Structure factor and Atomic form factor

L20

Atomic Structure and Crystal Bonding

L21 L22

Interatomic forces and types of atomic and molecular bonds (Covalent. Metallic, ionic) Van der Waals bonding

L23

Hydrogen bonding

L24

Lattice Vibrations: Phonons, average energy of phonons

L25

The concept of energy quantization-Black body radiation

L26

Phonons can be created by increasing temperature (unlike fermions)

43

L27

Heat capacity

L28

specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity

L29

Some examples of heat capacity from daily life

L30

Classical model of heat capacity (Dulong and Petit Law)

L31

Einstein theory of specific heat capacity

L32

Despersion Relations and density of states

L33

Debye model for heat capacity, heat conduction

L34 L35

Thermal conductivity: phenomenological approach, microscopic approach Some examples of thermal conductivity from daily life

L36

Free electron theory of metals: Free electrons

L37

Neglecting electron-electron and electron-ions interaction

L38

Ohm’s law and Electrical resistivity/conductivity

L39

Drude Model

L40

electrical resistivity versus temperature, Wiedemann-Franz Law

L41

The Hall effect and Cyclotron frequency

L42 L43

The problem of electrons’ contribution to specific heat capacity can be resolved by consulting Quantum mechanics The Pauli exclusion principle and

L44

temperature dependence of Fermi-Dirac distribution function

L45

Summerfeld’s quantum theory

Thermal

conductivity:

44

19. Quantum Mechanics-II Course code

PHY313

Course Title

Quantum Mechanics-II

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite

PHY212

Recommended Texts

1. Introductory Quantum Mechanics, Richard L. Liboff, 4th Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2002. 2. Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Application, Nouredine Zettli, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. 3. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffiths, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2014. 4. Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction, W. Greiner, 4th Edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. 5. Modern Quantum Mechanics, J. J. Sakurai, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2014. 6. Principles of Quantum Mechanics, R. Shankar, 2nd Edition, Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., 1994.

Aim: To enable students understand the basic concepts of quantum mechanics. This is a first formal quantum mechanics course and the idea is to teach basic quantum mechanical skills, which can later be used in advanced quantum mechanics courses and other related fields of physics. Course Objectives: 1. To familiarize students with the basic concepts and principles of quantum mechanics. 2. To guide students understand how to describe a physical process in quantum mechanics. 3. To enable students develop familiarity with the physical concepts and facility with the mathematical methods in quantum mechanics.

Course Description: This course covers the important concepts of angular momentum and its quantum mechanical aspects in various field of physics, for instance, its role in understanding the structure of hydrogen atom. In turn the basic concepts of the time-independent and time-dependent perturbation theories are exploited in this course. Finally, the scattering theory is discussed in detail.

45

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number

Topics

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15

Introduction to angular momentum Basic Properties and Cartesian Components

L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36

The free particle in spherical coordinates

L37 L38 L39

Commutation Relations, Uncertainty Relations Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of Angular Momentum operators

Ladder Operators Spherical Harmonics Angular Momentum and Rotation Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of 𝐿̂2 and 𝐿̂𝑧 Legendre Polynomials Polar plots of Ylm(θ, φ) Second Construction of the Spherical Harmonics. Addition of Angular Momentum: Two Electrons case Coupled and Uncoupled Representations Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

Problems in three dimensions: The free particle in Cartesian Coordinates

The free particle radial wave function

Spherical Bessel function The Spherical Well The Cylindrical Well The charged particle in a magnetic field The Radial Equation for a Central Potential Hydrogen Atom: Hamiltonian and Eigenenergies Laguerre Polynomials Additional properties of the eigenstates, the ground state Perturbation Theory: Time- Independent Nondegenerate Perturbation Theory The Perturbation Expansion First-Order Corrections Time- Independent Degenerate Pertubation Theory First-Order Energies, The Secular Equation Two-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator The Stark Effect The Nearly Free Electron Model The Perturbation Potential Time Dependent-Perturbation Theory: Time-Dependent Pertubation Theory Harmonic Perturbation, Stimulated Emission, Energy-Time Uncertainty Long-time Evolution, Short- Time Approximation, The Golden Rule

46 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Scattering in Three Dimensions: Partial Waves, The Rutherford Atom, Scattering Cross-section The Scattering Amplitude Partial Wave Phase Shift Relative Magnitude of Phase Shift The Born Approximation, Determination of Scattering Amplitude using Born Approximation, The Shielded Coulomb Potential.

20. Computational Physics Course No.

PHY351

Course Title:

Computational Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

None

Recommended Texts: I.

II. III.

IV.

Introduction to FORTRAN 77 and the personal computer/ Robert H. Hammond, William B. Rogers and John B. Crittanden.- New York: McGraw-Hill, c1987. Numerical Recipes in Fortran 77, William H. Press et al., 2nd Ed., 2001, Cambridge University Press. A First Course in Computational Physics, Paul L. DeVries and Javier E. Hasbun 2nd ed., Jones and Bartlett (2010) Interactive Fortran 77: a hands-on approach/ I. D. Chivers, Jane Sleighthome 2nd ed. New York: Ellis Horwood, c1990.

Course Description: This hands-on course provides an introduction to Fortran and computational methods in solving problems in physics. It teaches programming tactics, numerical methods and their implementation. These computational methods are applied to problems in physics. In this course we will study about Fundamental of programming, Fortran character set, Fortran Numbers (Constants), Variable names, Fortran statements, Arithmetic operators, Flowchart Conventions, Data File, Looping and Branching, GoTo, IF, IF THEN, ELSE, Do Statements, Program organization, Documenting the Program, Coding form, Statement labels, Program evaluation-errors, Common Mathematical Functions, Controlling Input/Output, Single and Double Precision, Subscripted variables and arrays, Subprograms, Edit

47

Descriptors, Computer accuracy Numerical Solutions of equations, Cholesky Decomposition, Gauss-Jordan Elimination, Pivoting, Gaussian elimination with back-substitution, LU decomposition and its applications, Tridiagonal system, Iterative improvement of a solution to Linear equations, Newton-Raphson method, Given and Householder method Regression andinterpolation, Numerical integration and differentiation. Error analysis andtechnique for elimination of systematic and random errors. Random numbers and random walk, Doing Physics with random numbers,Computer simulation, Relationship of modeling and simulation. Somesystems of interest for physicists such as Motion of Falling objects, Kepler'sproblems, Oscillatory motion, Many particle systems, Dynamic systems,Wave phenomena, Field of static charges and current, Diffusion,Populations genetics etc. Objectives On completion of this course, students should be able to: 1. Identify modern programming methods and describe the extent and limitations of computational methods in physics, 2. Identify and describe the characteristics of various numerical methods. 3. Independently program computers using leading-edge tools, 4. Formulate and computationally solve a selection of problems in physics, 5. Use the tools, methodologies, language and conventions of physics to test and communicate ideas and explanations.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14

Topic Fundamental of programming, Fortran character set, Fortran Numbers (Constants), Variable names, Fortran statements, Arithmetic operators, Flowchart Conventions, Data File, Looping and Branching, GoTo, IF, IF THEN, ELSE, Do Statements, Program organization, Documenting the Program, Coding form, Statement labels, Program evaluation-errors, Common Mathematical Functions, Controlling Input/Output, Single and Double Precision,

48

L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42

Subscripted variables and arrays, Subprograms, Edit Descriptors, Computer accuracy Numerical Solutions of equations, Cholesky Decomposition, Gauss-Jordan Elimination, Pivoting, Gaussian elimination with back-substitution, LU decomposition and its applications, Tridiagonal system, Iterative improvement of a solution to Linear equations, Newton-Raphson method, Given and Householder method Regression and interpolation, Numerical integration and differentiation. Error analysis and technique for elimination of systematic and random errors. Random numbers and random walk, Doing Physics with random numbers, Computer simulation, Relationship of modelling and simulation. Some systems of interest for physicists such as Motion of Falling objects, Kepler's problems, Oscillatory motion, Many particle systems, Dynamic systems, Wave phenomena, Field of static charges and current, Diffusion, Populations genetics etc

49

21. Electromagnetic Theory-II Course code:

PHY372

Course Title:

Electromagnetic Theory-II

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY271

Recommended Texts:

I. II. III. IV. V.

David J. Griffiths, third edition “Introduction to Electrodynamics” Pearson; 4 edition (October 6, 2012) Reitz & Milford; 200: Foundation of Electromagnetic Theory Addison Wesley Ohanion, H. C.; 1988: Classical Electrodynamics. Allyn & bacon Inc., Massachusetts Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, John Wiely, 1975 Y.K. Lim; 1986: Introduction to Classical Electrodynamics, World Scientific Publishing Co. Lt., Singapore.

Course Description:

This course describes the magnetic field produced by steady state currents, the fundamental laws of magneto-statics, the methods of calculating the magnetic field due to some known symmetries and known current configurations.

The concept of energy stored inside a

magnetic field, the associated properties along with the effects of magnetic fields when applied to material mediums are discussed. The properties of electromagnetic waves, its propagations through dispersive medium are also part of this course

Objectives:  To understand the properties of magnetic fields due to steady state currents through the associated governing laws (Biot-Savart law & Ampere’s Law)  To understand the magnetic fields of solenoids, toroids and the energy stored inside the magnetic fields  To understand the effects of magnetic field when applied across a magnetic material  To understand the properties of electromagnetic waves in dispersive medium

50

LECTURE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTENTS Lecture Number

TOPIC

L1

The Lorentz force law

L2

Magnetic fields and Magnetic forces

L3

Current

L4

Biot-Savart law

L5

Solutions of selected Problems

L6

The divergence and curl of B

L7

Ampares Law and its application

L8

Vector potential

L9

Magnetostatic boundary condition

L10

Multipole expansion of the vector potential

L11

Dimagetic

L12

Feromegetics

L13

Magnetization

L14

Bound currents and its physical interpretation

L15

Magnetic field inside a matter

L16

Auxiliary field inside matter

L17

Amperes law in Magnetized material, Ohms law

L18

Electromotive force and motional emf

L19

Faradays law

L20

Inductance

L21

Electrodynamics before Maxwell

L22

How Maxwell fixed Amperes Law

L23

Maxwells equation

L24

Boundary condition

L25

Maxwell’s Equations in matter

L26

Boundry Conditions

51 L27

The Wave Equation

L28

Sinusoidal Waves

L29

Boundary Conditions (Reflection and Transmission)

L30

Polarization

L31

The Wave Equation for E and B

L32

Monochromatic Plane Waves

L33

Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves

L34

Propagation in Linear Media and Transmission at Normal Incidence

L35

Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence

L36

Electromagnetic Waves in Conductors

L37

Reflection at a Conducting Surface

L38

The Frequency Dependence of Permittivity

L39

Wave Guide

L40

The Waves in a Rectangular Wave Guide

L41

The Coaxial Transmission Line

L42

Einstein Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity

L43

The Geometry of Relativity

L44

The Lorentz Transformations

L45

The Structure of Space-time

52

6th Semester 22. Statistical Mechanics Course code.

PHY311

Course Title:

Statistical Mechanics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY231

Recommended Texts: 1. F. Mandl ; 1988: Statistical Physics 2nd Edition. ELBS/John Willey... 2. F. Reif, 1965: Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, McGraw –Hill. 3. Francis, W. S.; 1986: Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory, and Statistical Mechanics 3rd Edition... Narosa Publishing House. New Delhi. 4. Huang, K.; 1963: Statistical Mechanics Course Description: This course present elementary statistical concept along with examples and applications. Well known statistical distribution like Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, Photon statistics, Bose Einstein statistics, Fermi Dirac statistics, and Quantum statistic in the classical limit are discussed in detail. Objectives:   

Postulates of statistical mechanics and statistical interpretation of thermodynamics Methods of statistical mechanics used in developing the well-known statistics BoseEinstein, Fermi-Dirac and Maxwell Boltzmann. Selected topics from low temperature physics and electrical and thermal properties of matter

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3

Topic Elementary statistical concept and examples Simple random walk problem in one dimension General discussion of mean values

53

L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28

Calculation of mean value probability distribution for large N Gaussian probability distributions Probability distributions involving several variables Comments on continuous probability distribution Specification of the state of a system Statistical ensemble, Basic Postulates, Probability calculations Behavior of the density of state Thermal interaction, Mechanical interaction, General interaction Exact and inexact differentials Isolated system System in contact with a heat reservoir simple applications of the canonical distribution System with specified mean energy calculation of mean values in a canonical ensemble connection with thermodynamics, ensemble used as approximations Mathematical approximation methods Partion functions and their properties Calculation of thermodynamic quantities, Gibbs Paradox Validity of Classical approximation Equipartion theorem, Application of Equipartion theorem specific heat of solids

L29

Maxwell velocity distribution, Related velocity distributions and mean values Identical particles and symmetry requirements Formulation of the statistical problem, The quantum distribution functions Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, Photon statistics Bose Einstein statistics Fermi Dirac statistics Quantum statistic in the classical limit, Quantum states of a single particle evaluation of the partition function, Physical implication of the quantummechanical enumeration of states Partition function of polyatomic molecules, electromagnetic radiation in thermal equilibrium inside an enclosure nature of radiation inside an arbitrary enclosure, radiation emitted by a body at temperature T Consequences of the Fermi Dirac distribution Quantitative explanation of the electronic specific heat

L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40

54

23. Nuclear Physics-I Course code.

PHY352

Course Title:

Nuclear Physics-I

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY 212

Recommended Texts:

1. W.N. Cottingham, Cambridge University press 2004. 2.K.S. Krane „Introductory Nuclear Physics‟ John-Wiley (1987). 3. W.E. Meyerhof „Elements of Nuclear Physics‟ McGraw-Hill (1989). 4. B.L. Cohen „Comcepts of Nuclear Physics‟ McGraw-Hill (1971). 5. R. E. Lapp and H.L. Andrews „Nuclear Radiation Physics‟ Prentice-Hall (1972).

Course Description: This course consists of basic concepts of nuclear physics emphasizing on nuclear forces, nuclear structure and interactions of radiation with matter. Topics include nuclear forces, nuclear properties, nuclear models, binding energies, shell structure of the nucleus, the deuteron, radioactive decays; nuclear reactions and interaction of charged and uncharged radiation with matter and their detection. Course objectives 1. This course will enable students to identify basic nuclear properties and outline their theoretical descriptions 2. understand the differences between various decay modes 3. Calculate the binding energies for neucleons 4. Understand the shell model and distribution of neuclons in various shells 5. Calculate Q-values for alpha and beta decays and for nuclear reactions 6. Summarise and account for the main aspects of interaction of radiation with matter. Lecture-wise distribution 1. Historical review; Starting from Bacqurel‟s discovery of radioactivity to Chedwick‟s neutron 2. Basic Nuclear Structure 3. Some introductory terminology 4. Nuclear Properties 5. Unit and dimension 6. The nuclear radius 7. Mass and abundance of nuclides 8. The protons electron hypothesis of the constitution of the nucleus

55

9. Failure of the proton electron hypothesis 10. Angular momentum of the nucleus 11. Nuclear transmutation and the discovery of the neutron 12. The proton and neutron hypothesis 13. Magnetic and electric properties of the nucleus 14. Nuclear binding energy 15. Nuclear Angular momentum and parity 16. Nuclear electromagnetic moments 17. Nuclear excited states 18. Nuclear forces and the Nuclear structure 19. Nuclear binding energies and the saturation of the nuclear forces 20. Nuclear stability and the forces between nucleons 21. Energy levels of light nuclei and the hypothesis of the charged independence of nuclear forces 22. The interaction between two nucleons 23. The deuteron 24. Nucleon-Nucleon scattering 25. Proton-Proton and Neutron- Neutron interaction 26. Yukawa‟s Theory of Nuclear force Nuclear Models 27. Liquid drop model 28. Calculation of semi-empirical mass formula 29. Shell model 30. Collective model 31. Nuclear Radiation Detection and Measurements 32. Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter 33. Photographic emulsions 34. Gas-filled detectors 35. Scintillation counters 36. Solid-state detectors 37. Cloud chambers 38. Bubble chambers 39. Charged Particle Accelerators 40. The Cockcroft-Walton Machine, Van de Graaff generator 41. Cyclotron, The frequency-Modulated Cyclotron or Synchrocyclotron 42. Betatron 43. Electron-Synchrotrons, Proton-synchrotron 44. Alternating-gradient Synchrotron 45. Linear Accelerator.

56

24. Solid State Physics II

Course No.

PHY342

Course Title:

Solid State Physics-II

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY341

Recommended Texts:

1. Magnetism: From Fundamentals to Nanoscale Dynamics, J. Stöhr and H.C. Siegmann , Springer Series in solid-state sciences, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 2. C. Kittle, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th edition 1996, John Wiley. 3. W.T. Read Jr. Dislocations in crystals, McGraw Hill, 1991. 4. C.M. Kachaava, Solid State Physics, Tata McGraw Hill. Co. New Delhi, 1989. 5. H.E. Hall, Solid State Physics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982. 6. A. Guinier & R. Jullien, The Solid State, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989.

Course Description: The course introduces the basic concepts used to study electrical, and magnetic properties of solids, as well as the models that are used to describe their electrical, semiconducting, superconducting, dielectric and particularly magnetic properties. Nearly-free electron theory of metals: Filling of energy levels and probability of occupation of states in Fermi gas, Introduction to band theory of solids and bands formation, Nearly free electron approximation, The Bloch Theorem, Formation of energy bands following the concept of Bragg’s diffraction condition in crystalline metals, Formation and solution of so-called Central equation to verify the concept of band gaps, Tight-Binding approximation, Kronig-Penney model, effective mass of electron. Fermi Surfaces and Metals: Concept of hole and effective mass, The Topology of Fermi surfaces, probes for the geometry of the Fermi surfaces, the de Haas-van Alphen effect, free electron in a uniform magnetic field, Levels of Bloch electron in a uniform magnetic field. Defects in Crystals: Crystal imperfections, Thermodynamics of Point defects, Schottky and Frenkel defects, color

57

centres, Dislocations in Solids, Burgers vectors, edge dislocation, Screw dislocation Slip and plastic deformation, Stacking faults and grain Boundaries, Strength of Crystals, Diffusion and Fick’s law Semiconductors and Superconductivity: Semiconductors - an introduction, Intrinsic Semiconductors, Extrinsic semiconductors, Band structure, Energy Gap, Donor and acceptor Level, Calculation of number of electrons and number of holes and law of mass action, Superconductivity - an introduction, zero resistivity and Meissner effect, Type-I and type-II superconductors, BCS theory, electron-phononelectron interaction via lattice deformation, ground state of superconductors, Cooper pairs, Coherence length, London equations (electrodynamics), London penetration depth, thermodynamics of superconductors, entropy and the Gibbs free energy, Josephson effect, superconductors applications. Magnetism: History, applications and revolution in society due to magnetism, Anology netween electric and magnetic fields, calculation of magnetic fields, Atomic theory of magnetism, Paramagnetism, Langevin theory of Paramagnetism, Ferro-magnetism, Weiss theory of Ferromagnetism (Spontaneous magnetization), Magnetic Domains, Types of magnetic domains, Magnetic relaxation and resonance phenomena. Dielectrics and Ferroelectrics: Maxwell Equations, Polarization, Dielectric Constant and Dielectric Polarizability, Susceptibility, Electronic Polarizablity, Clausius-Mossotti Relation, Structural Phase Transitions, Ferroelectric crystals, Classification of Ferroelectric Crystals, Theory of Ferroelectric Displacive Transitions, Thermodynamic theory of Ferroelectric transition, Ferroelectric Domains, Piezoelectricity

Objectives: After completion of the course the student should:  

Understand the relation between the electron structure of crystalline solids and their dielectric, magnetic and superconducting properties. Understand and use some standard models for calculations of polarisation, magnetisation and superconductivity in solids

58

Lecture-wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2

Topics Nearly-free electron theory of metals

L3

Filling of energy levels and probability of occupation of states in Fermi gas Introduction to band theory of solids and bands formation

L4

Nearly free electron approximation

L5

The Bloch Theorem

L6

Formation of energy bands following the concept of Bragg’s diffraction condition in crystalline metals

L7

Formation and solution of so-called Central equation to verify the concept of band gaps

L8

Tight-Binding approximation

L9

The de Haas-van Alphen effect

L10

Free electron in a uniform magnetic field,

L11

Levels of Bloch electron in a uniform magnetic field.

L12 L13 L14

Defects in Crystals: Crystal imperfections, Thermodynamics of Point defects Schottky and Frenkel defects, color centres Dislocations in Solids

L15

Burgers vectors, edge dislocation

L16

Screw dislocation, Slip and plastic deformation

L17

Stacking faults and grain Boundaries

L18

Strength of Crystals, Diffusion and Fick’s law

L19

Semiconductors - an introduction, Intrinsic Semiconductors, Extrinsic semiconductors Band structure

L20 L21

Donor and acceptor Level, Calculation of number of electrons and number of holes and law of mass action

59

L22

Superconductivity - an introduction, zero resistivity and Meissner effect, Type-I and type-II superconductors

L23 L24

BCS theory, electron-phonon-electron interaction via lattice deformation, ground state of superconductors, Cooper pairs Coherence length

L25

London equations (electrodynamics)

L26

London penetration depth

L27 L28

Thermodynamics of superconductors Entropy and the Gibbs free energy

L29

Josephson effect, superconductors application

L30

Magnetism: History, applications and revolution in society due to magnetism, Anology between electric and magnetic fields, calculation of magnetic fields, Atomic theory of magnetism

L31 L32

Paramagnetism, Langevin theory of Paramagnetism

L33

L35

Ferro-magnetism, Weiss theory of Ferromagnetism (Spontaneous magnetization) Magnetic Domains, Types of magnetic domains, Magnetic relaxation and resonance phenomena Dielectrics and Ferroelectrics: Maxwell Equations, Polarization

L36

Dielectric Constant and Dielectric Polarizability, Susceptibility

L37

Electronic Polarizablity, Clausius-Mossotti Relation, Structural Phase

L38

Transitions, Ferroelectric crystals, Classification of Ferroelectric Crystals

L39 L40

Theory of Ferroelectric Displacive Transitions, Thermodynamic theory of Ferroelectric transition Ferroelectric crystals, Ferroelectric Domains, Piezoelectricity

L41

Classification of Ferroelectric Crystals

L42

Theory of Ferroelectric Displacive Transitions

L43

Thermodynamic theory of Ferroelectric transition

L44

Ferroelectric Domains

L45

Piezoelectricity

L34

60

25. Atomic and Molecular Physics Course No.

PHY351

Course Title:

Atomic and Molecular Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY102, PHY212

Recommended Texts: I.

Concepts of Modern Physics. Beiser, A. 1987, 4th edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company II. Spectroscopics, Anne, P. T.; 1988: 2nd edition Chapman III. Physics of Atoms and Molecules Bransden, B. H. and Joachain, C. J.; 1983: Longmans, London. IV. Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles, Eisberg, R. and Resnick, R.; 1985: 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons. V. Lasers and Non-linear Optics, Laud, B. B.; 1991: 2nd Edition. Wiley Eastern Limited. New Delhi Course Description: The first half of this course deals principally with atomic structure and the interaction between atoms and fields. It covers electronic transitions, atomic spectra, excited states, hydrogenic and multi-electron atoms. The second half of the course deals with the binding of atoms into molecules, molecular degrees of freedom (electronic, vibrational, and rotational), elementary group theory considerations and molecular spectroscopy. In this course we will study about Nuclear Atom, Rutherford’s Scattering formula, Electron Orbits, Atomic spectra, The Bohr’s atom, Energy levels and spectra, Origin of line spectra, Correspondence Principle, Nuclear motion, Atomic excitation, Laser, Wave function, Wave equation, Time dependent and Time independent Schrödinger equation, Harmonic oscillator, Schrödinger equation for Hydrogen Atom, Separation of variables, Quantum Numbers, Electron Probability Density, Radiative transitions, Selection rules, Zeeman effect, Electron spin, Strern-Gerlach experiment, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions, Periodic table, atomic structure, Explanation of Periodic table, Spin orbit coupling, Total angular momentum, LS coupling, JJ coupling, Term symbols, X-ray spectra, Discrete X-ray spectra, Continuous X-ray Spectra, Auger effect. Molecular bond, Electron sharing, H2+ molecular ion, Hydrogen molecule, complex molecules, Rotational energy levels, Rotational spectra, Vibrational energy levels, Vibrational spectra, Vibration – Rotation spectra, Electron spectra of molecules Objectives: Upon successful completion of this course it is intended that a student will be able to:  Discuss the relativistic corrections for the energy levels of the hydrogen atom and their effect on optical spectra

61

 

Derive the energy shifts due to these corrections using first order perturbation theory. state and explain the key properties of many electron atoms and the importance of the Pauli exclusion principle



Explain the observed dependence of atomic spectral lines on externally applied electric and magnetic fields



Discuss the importance of group theory in molecular physics



State the formal properties of groups, characters and irreducible representations



State and justify the selection rules for various optical spectroscopies in terms of the symmetries of molecular vibrations



Demonstrate a grasp of bonding types in molecules

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23

Topic Nuclear Atom, Rutherford’s Scattering formula, Electron Orbits, Atomic spectra, The Bohr’s atom, Energy levels and spectra, Origin of line spectra, Correspondence Principle, Nuclear motion, Atomic excitation, Laser, Wave function, Wave equation, Time dependant and Time independent Schrödinger equation, Harmonic oscillator, Schrödinger equation for Hydrogen Atom, Separation of variables, Quantum Numbers, Electron Probability Density, Radioactive transitions, Selection rules, Zeeman effect, Electron spin, Strern-Gerlach experiment,

62

L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Pauli Exclusion Principle, Symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions, Periodic table, atomic structure, Explanation of Periodic table, Spin orbit coupling, Total angular momentum, LS coupling, JJ coupling, Term symbols, X-ray spectra, Discrete X-ray spectra, Continuous X-ray Spectra, Auger effect. Molecular bond, Electron sharing, H2+ molecular ion, Hydrogen molecule, complex molecules, Rotational energy levels, Rotational spectra, Vibrational energy levels, Vibrational spectra, Vibration – Rotation spectra, Electron spectra of molecules

26. Modern Optics Course No.

PHY371

Course Title:

Modern Optics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY271

Recommended Texts:

1. Modern Optics by Robert Guenther. John Wiley and Sons, 1990 (Text) 2. Nonlinear Optics by Robert Boyd, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2008 3. Optics (Fourth Edition) by Eugene Hecht, Addison Wesley Publishers, 2001 4. Fundamentals of Optics by Jenkins, F A and White, H E , 4E, McGrawHill, 1976

Course Description: This course will cover physical optics and electromagnetic waves based on electromagnetic theory, wave equations, propagation, dispersion; coherence, interference, diffraction, and polarization of light and of electromagnetic radiation.

63 Course Objectives: 1. Students will be able to describe the basic concepts and principles of geometrical, physical and modern optics. 2. Able to discuss the nature of light, its propagation and interaction with matter. 3. Able to describe basic optical phenomena 4. Able to discuss the Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory of light and derive simple relations from the basic optics laws.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

Lecture-wise distribution Maxwell’s equations-I Maxwell’s equations-II Energy density Momentum Polarization Stokes parameters Jones vector EM wave propagation in conducting medium-I EM wave propagation in conducting medium-II Reflection and transmission Law of reflection and refraction Fresenel formulae Polarization by reflection Total internal reflection Reflection from conducting surface Interference of wave Michelson interferometer Fabry-Perot interferometer Ekional equation Fermat principle and applications-I Fermat principle and applications-II lens design and matrix algebra-I lens design and matrix algebra-II Geometrical optics of resonator Guided waves Optical fibre Propagation of waves in graded index optical fibre-I Propagation of waves in graded index optical fibre-II Fourier series-I Fourier series-II Fourier integral Rectangular pulse Pulse modulation Dirac delta function Correlation

64 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

Fourier transform in two dimensions Convolution Huygen’s principle Fresenel formulation Obliquity factor Gaussian beams The ABCD law

27.Lab V PHY 391

Optics and modern physics M.Sc 3rd, BS 5th 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

Analize and graph spectral lines Explore relationship b/w angle, wavelength and intensity Studying the spectrum curves seen from a blackbody Introducrion to interferometery The index of reflection of air The index of reflectio of glass Verify the snell's law Verify the laws of refraction Invetigating the different diffraction slit patterns Dispersion and total internal reflection Image and object relationships (lenses) Verify lens maker's equation Magnifying power of given lens Brewster's angle Malus' law ofpolarization Introduction to microwaves Standing waves Michelson and febery perot interferometer Speed of microwaves Calculate plank's constant using photoelectric effect

Spectrum tubes, spectrophotometer and blackbody light source

Precision interferometer

Complete Optics System & Ray Optics Kit

Microwaves optics system

Photoelectric effect apparatus

65

7th Semester 28. Special Theory of Relativity

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4

Topic Introduction to the subject Law of velocity addition Galilean transformations Value of speed of light from Maxwell equations

L5 L6 L7

Value of speed of light from experimental evidence Constancy of speed of light Concept of Ether

L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34

Michelson-Morley experiment Inertial frame of references Non-inertial frame of references Synchronizing clocks Einstein’s postulates of special relativity Lorentz transformations Relativity of simultaneity Time dilation Proper time Twin paradox Examples of time dilation Length contraction Examples of length contraction The spaceships-on-a-rope paradox The pole-in-the-barn paradox Structure of spacetime Minkowski spacetime Four vectors Introduction to tensors The light-cone World line Relativistic mechanics Relativistic form of Newton laws Relativistic momentum Rest mass, kinetic and total energy Conservation of energy Energy and mass relationship

66

L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

The Doppler effect Longitudinal Doppler effect Transverse Doppler effect Comparison with non-relativistic Doppler effect Invariance of the interval under Lorentz transformation Spacelike, timelike, and lightlike intervals Lorentz invariance of electromagnetism The need for a transformation between inertial frames Conservation of momentum Relativity and electromagnetism Introduction to the general theory of relativity

29. Literature Survey and Technical Report Course No

PHY491

Course Title

Literature Survey and Technical Report

Credit Hours

(1 0 1)

Pre-requisite

None

Recommended Texts:

1. Technical report writing today by Steven E Pauley Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2002, 2. How to write and Publish a Scientific Paper by Robert A. Day, (oryx Press: 5th edition June 18,1998) 3. Scientific Papers and Presentations by Martha Dan’s, Academic Press; 3rd Edition August 10, 2012 4. The not so short Introduction to Latex by Tobias Oetike, GNU General Public License April 2004 5. More Math into Latex by George Gratzer Springer: 4th edition; (August 23, 2007)

Course Description: This course provides basic ideas of scientific writing. Every part of article and thesis will be explained with examples. It includes abstract, introduction, body of the document, conclusion and referencing. Objectives:

67

1. To equip students to be able research on a particular topic by selecting high quality articles or studies that are relevant, meaningful, important and valid and summarizing them into one complete report 2. To provide starting point for students beginning to do research in a new area by forcing them to summarize, evaluate, and compare original research in that specific area 3. To make students learn to not duplicate work that has already been done 4. To train students as to where future research is heading or recommend areas on which to focus 5. To learn to highlight key findings 6. To enable students identify inconsistencies, gaps and contradictions in the literature 7. To make students learn to do constructive analysis of the methodologies and approaches of other researchers

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1

Topics Literature Survey

L2

Effective Scientific Writing, and its Goals

L3

Basic Principles of Good scientific Writing

L4

The format of scientific report

L5

Title and Author

L6

Abstract

L7

Introduction

L8

Results

L9

Discussion

L10

Acknowledgements

L11

Literature Cited

L12

Tables

L13

Figures and Equations

L14

Writing Research Proposals

L15

Drawing Plots

L16

Typesetting Systems

68

8th Semester 30. Nuclear Physics-II

Course No.

PHY453

Course Title:

Nuclear Physics-II

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY352

Recommended Texts:

1. K.S. Krane ‘Introductory Nuclear Physics’ John-Wiley (1987). 2. W.E. Meyerhof ‘Elements of Nuclear Physics’ McGraw-Hill (1989). 3. B.L. Cohen ‘Comcepts of Nuclear Physics’ McGraw-Hill (1971). 4. L. Kaplan ‘Nuclear Physics’ Addison-Wesely (1979). 5. R. E. Lapp and H.L. Andrews ‘Nuclear Radiation Physics’ Prentice-Hall (1972).

Course Description: This course is an extension of nuclear physics-I course. The main topics include the radioactivity and radioactive decay law, radioactive transformation, theory of alpha beta and gamma decay, nuclear spectroscopy, neutrino physics, fission and fusion reactions. Course Objectives: 1. This course will enable students to describe basics of natural radioactivity and its theoretical description. 2. understand the theory of alpha beta and gamma decay 3. Calculate the decay probabilities, decay constant and mean decay time 4. Applications of nuclear spectroscopy 5. Understanding of neutrino physics, fission and fusion reactions Lecture-wise distribution 1. Nuclear Decay and Radioactivity 2. The basis of theory of radioactive disintegration 3. The disintegration constant 4. The half life and the mean life 5. Successive radioactive transformation 6. Radioactive equilibrium 7. The natural radioactive series 8. Units of radioactivity. 9. Alpha Decay 10. Why alpha decay occurs 11. Basic alpha decay process, The velocity and energy of alpha particle

69

12. Abortion of alpha particles 13. Range, ionization, and stopping power 14. Alpha decay systematic 15. Theory of alpha decay emission 16. Angular momentum and parity in alpha decay 17. Alpha decay spectroscopy 18. Beta Decay 19. Energy release in beta decay 20. Fermi theory of beta decay 21. The experimental test of Fermi theory 22. Angular momentum and parity selection rules 23. Neutrino Physics 24. Double beta decay 25. Beta-delayed nucleon emission 26. Non conservation of parity 27. Beta spectroscopy 28. Gamma decay: Energetic of gamma decay 29. Classical electromagnetic radiation 30. Transition to quantum mechanics 31. Angular momentum and parity selection rules 32. Internal conversion 33. Life time for a gamma emission 34. Gamma rays spectroscopy 35. Nuclear Reaction: Types of reaction and conservation laws 36. Energetic of nuclear reaction, Nuclear reaction and the excited states of nuclei 37. The compound nucleus, Cross-section for nuclear reaction 38. Limitation of the compound nucleus theory 39. Direct reaction, Resonance reaction 40. Heavy ion reaction 41. Nuclear Fission: Why Nuclear Fission, Characteristics of nuclear fission, Energy in fission 42. Fission and nuclear structure, Controlled fission reaction 43. Fission reactors, Radioactive fission products. 44. Nuclear Fusion: Basic nuclear fusion process 45. Characteristic of fusion, Solar fusion, Controlled fusion reactor.

70

Course No.

PHY644

Course Title

Advanced Semiconductor Devices

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

1. S.M. Sze, Kwok K. Ng, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 3rd Ed., 2007, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA. 2. Ben G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, 4th Ed., 1995, Prentice Hall, Inc., USA. 3. R.W. Pierret, Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals, 2nd Ed., 1987, Prentice Hall, Inc., USA. 4. Simon M. Sze, Ming-Kwei Lee, Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology , 2012, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA. Students will revise the basic concepts of semiconductors and principle Aims & Objectives of working their devices. Students will learn about the advanced technological applications of semiconductors. Leture # Topic Recommended Texts:

(75 mnts) 1,2

Semiconductor Fundamentals,

3,4

Device applications of semiconductors

5,6

Overview of historical development of electronic devices from the first transistor to nowadays

7,8

Outlook to future materials systems and possible new device concepts

9,10

Solar cells

71

11,12

Light emitting diodes

13,14

Laser diodes

15,16

Hetero junction FET - HEMT

17,18

Long-channel MOSFET models

19,20

Sub-micron MOSFET - threshold volt, sub-threshold current

21,22

Bipolar junction transistors

23

Hetero junction bipolar transistors

24,25

Tunnel diodes, resonant tunneling diodes

26,27

Wide-band gap semiconductors - transport physics and optical properties

28

Optical devices based on wide-band gap semiconductors

29,30

Electronic properties and technologies: SiGe

31

Group III-V compound semiconductors

32,33

Advanced HBT Devices: SiGe, GaAs, InP, GaN;

35

Advanced Field Effect Devices

36,37

Hetero structure Field Effect Transistors (HFETs),

38,39

Modulation Doped Field Effect Transistors (MODFETs)

40,41

High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs)

42

Resonant Tunneling Devices (RTDs)

43,44

Single Electron Transistors (SETs)

45

Strained layer supper lattices and quantum well devices

72

32. Luminescence and Applications Course No.

PHY 674

Course Title

Luminescence and Applications

Course Title:(TCH LCH CrH) (303) Pre-requisite

Nil

Aims and Objectives

To have a thorough knowledge and insight about luminescence and scintillation processes in solids. To utilize the knowledge of luminescence and scintillation phenomenon in various fields of material science such as radiations detection, LED, PDPs, medical imaging, high energy physics. 1. G. Blasse, G.C. Grabmeier, Luminescent materials, 1994, Springer-Verlag. 2. C.R. Ronda, Luminescence: from theory to applications, 2008, John Wiley & Sons. 3. W.M. Yen, S. Shionoya, H. Yamamoto, Fundamentals of Phosphors, 2nd Edition, 2007, Taylor and Trancis. 4. A. Kitai, Luminescent Materials and Applications, John Wiley & Sons.

Recommended texts

Leture#

Topics

1,2

Historic development of luminescent materials

3,4

Luminescence mechanism

5,6

Types of luminescence processes

7,8

Energy of optical transitions: absorption, excitation, emission spectroscopy

9,10

Excitation sources

11

lasers

12,13

Ultraviolet light/visible light

14

x-rays/gamma rays

15

Visible light

16

Applications of luminescence

17,18

phosphors

19,20,21

Synthesis and characterization of phosphors

22,23

Phosphors for LEDs and OLEDs

73

24,25

Phosphors for PDPs

26,27

Phosphors for medical imaging

28,29

Quantum dots and nanophosphors

30,31

Scintillation and Scintillators

32,33

Scintillation crystals

34,35

Single crystal growth techniques

36,37

Inorganic scintillators

38,39

Organic scintillators

40,41

Liquid scintillators

42,43

Semiconductor scintillators

44

Scintillators for radiation detectors

45

Scintillators for medical imaging

33. Magnetic properties of materials Course Code Course Title (TCH, LCH,CrH) Recommended Texts

Aims & Objectives

Lecture# 1 2,3 4 5 6 7,8

PHY 811 Magnetic properties of materials (3 0 3) 1. D. Ginoux, M. Schlenker, Magnetism fundamentals, 2005, Springer, USA. 2. R.M. Bozroth, J.E. Goldman, Magnetic properties of metals and alloys, 1958, American society for metals, Ohio, USA. 3. Robert M. White, Quantum theory of magnetismmagnetic properties of materials, 1970, Springer, USA. 4. B.D. Cullity, C.D. Graham, Introduction to Magnetic Materials, 2009, Wiley. At the end of this course, students will be able to understand the microscopic and macroscopic explanation of magnetism phenomena. VArious types and magnetic materials. Also students will be able to know about the applications of magnetism. Topics The history of magnetism and discovery of lodestone Magnetic nanostructures Magnetic multilayers Molecular magnetism Magnetostatics of currents and materials Fundamental laws of Magnetostatics

74

9 10,11 12,13 14 15 16 17 18 19,20 21 22 23 24 25,26 27,28 30,31 32,33 34,35 36,37 38,39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Magnetostatics of matter Energy, forces and torques in magnetic systems types of materials on the basis of magnetic properties diamagnetism Paramagnetism antiferromagnetism Ferromagnetism Ferrimagnetism Magnetic properties of pure elements in the atomic sate Magnetic properties of polyatomic atoms Phenomenology of Strong magnetic materials Isothermal magnetization curve Weiss domains and bloch walls Magnetic anisotropy Microscopic theory of magnetism in solids Irreversibility of magnetization processes Hysteresis in real ferromagnetic materials Role of defects in irreversibility of magnetization process Brown's paradox Hysteresis and irreversibility Hysteresis in the localized electron model Magnetism of free electron Magnetism of bound atoms magnetoresistivity Hall effect Transport in magnetic metals Magneto transport in semiconductors Shubnikov-de Haas effect Quantum hall effect

75 34. Medical

Physics Instrumentation

Lecture# 1,2 3,4 5,6 7 8 9,10

PHY 591 Medical Physics Instrumentation (3 0 3) 1. J.J. Pedroso De Lima, Nuclear medicine physics, CRC Press, 2010, Tailor & Francis New York. 2.Valery V. Tuchin, Handbook of photonics for biomedical science, 2010, CRC Press, Tailor & Francis New York. 3. Alberto Del Guerra, Ionizing radiation detectors for medical imaging,2004, World Scientific publishing Co. Pte Ltd, London., The students will learn about the field of medical physics and its applications. Students will be able to get knowledge about medical imaging tools and devices used in medical science. Topics Introduction: Medical Physics Medical physics instrumentation Medical imaging Nanoparticle plasmonics Chemical wet synthesis of NPs Application of NPs to drug delivery and photothermal therapy

11,12

Video microscopy and tomography

13

Spectral imaging

14

Fluorescence anisotropy

15,16

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)

17,18

Fluorescence screening and imaging

19,20

Fluorescence molecular tomography

21,22

The FMT setup

23,24

Applications of diffuse optical tomography

25,26

Review of x-ray production and fundamentals of nuclear physics and radioactivity

27,28

Radiopharmaceuticals: Development and Main Applications

29,30

Methods and Measurement in Nuclear Medicine

Course Code Course Title (TCH LCH CrH) Recommended Texts

Aims & Objectives

76

31,32 33,34 35

X-ray computed tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Optical projection tomography

36,37 38,39 40,41 42 43 44

Positron emission tomography (PET) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiography X-ray computed tomography (CT) ultrasound Cyclotron and Radionuclide Production

45

Radionuclide for imaging

35. Physics of Thin Films Course Title Course Code (TCH LCH CrH) Recommended texts

Aims & Objectives

PHY643 Physics of thin films (303) 1. Ludmila Eckertova, Physics of thin films, PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK, LONDON. 2. George Hass, Maurice H. Francombe, John L. Vossen, Vol. 12, Thysics of thin films, Advances in Research and Development, 1982. 3. O. Stenzel, The physics of thin films optical spectra: An Introduction, Springer, 2005.

Lecture# 1,2

After completion of this course, students are expected to learn about various methods for thin films preparation. Also they are expected to learn about thin films used in various fields of material sceince Topic Methods of Preparation of Thin Films

3,4

Chemical and Electrochemical Methods

5,6

Cathode Sputtering

7,8

Principle of Diode Sputtering

9

Some Special Systems of Cathode Sputtering

77 10

Low-Pressure Methods of Cathode Sputtering

11

Vacuum Evaporation

12

Physical Foundations

13

Experimental Techniques

14

Evaporation Apparatus

15,16

Substrates and Their Preparation

17

The Most Important Materials for Evaporation

18,19

Evaporation Sources

20

Special Evaporation Techniques

21,22

Masking Techniques

23 24

Thin Film Thickness and Deposition Rate measurement Methods Balance Methods

25,26

Microbalance Method

27,28

Vibrating Quartz Method

29,30

Electrical Methods Electric Resistivity Measurement Measurement of Capacitance

31,32

Measurement of Q-factor Change

33,34

Ionization Methods

35,36

Optical Methods

37,38

Method Based on Measurements of Light Absorption Coefficient

39

Interference Methods

40

Polarimetric (Ellipsometric) Method

41

Deposition Rate Monitoring Using Transfer of Momentum

78

42

Special Thickness Monitoring Methods

43

Stylus Method

44

Radiation-absorption and Radiation-emission Methods

45

Work-function Change Method

36. Reactor Physics

Course Code Course Content (TCH LCH CrH)

Lecture# 1,2

PHY554 Reactor Physics (3 0 3) 1. Elme E. Lewis, Fundamentals of nuclear reactor physics 2. Waeston M. Stacey, Nuclear reactor physics, Wiley-VCH, 2007. 3. Salomon E. Liverhant, Elementary Introduction to Nuclear reactor physics, John Wiley & Sons Inc. USA, 1960. After completion of this course, students are expected to learn basic concepts of nuclear science, various nuclear reactions and their characteristics. Also they will learn about nuclear reactors, its types and the energy obtained from it. Topics Nuclear Reaction Fundamentals

3

Binding Energy

4,5 6

Fusion reactions Energy Release and Dissipation

7

Neutron Multiplication

8

Fission Products

9

Fissile and Fertile Materials

10

Radioactive Decay

11

Decay Chains

12,13

Neutron Interactions

Recommended Texts:

Aims & Objectives

79

14,15

Neutron Cross Sections

16

Nuclide Densities

17,18

Enriched Uranium

19

Reaction Types

20

Neutron Energy Range

21,22

Cross Section Energy Dependence

23

Compound Nucleus Formation

24

Resonance Cross Sections

25

Fissionable Materials

26

Neutron Scattering

27,28

Nuclear Fuel Properties

29,30

Neutron Moderators

31,32

Neutron Energy Spectra

33

Fast Neutrons

34,35

Neutron Slowing Down

36

The Slowing Down Density

37

Energy Self-Shielding

38

Thermal neutron cross Section Averages

39

Power Reactor Core

40

Core Composition

41

Light Water Reactors

42

Heavy Water Reactors

43

Graphite-Moderated Reactors

80

44

RBMK Reactors

45

Fast Reactors

37. Luminescence in Materials

Course No.

PHY671

Course Title

Luminescence in Materials

Course

Title:(TCH

LCH (303)

CrH) Pre-requisite

Nil

Aims and Objectives

To have a thorough knowledge and insight in luminescent processes in solids. Identifying coherence between luminescence and other relevant science domains, such as atomic and molecular physics and quantum mechanics. To build up base about the knowledge luminescence, in order to understand the luminescence processes and applications. 1. G. Blasse, G.C. Grabmeier, Luminescent materials, 1994, Springer-Verlag. 2. C.R. Ronda, Luminescence: from theory to applications, 2008, John Wiley & Sons. 3. A. Kitai, Luminescent Materials and Applications, John Wiley & Sons. 4. Miomandre, Fabien, Audebert, Luminescence in Electrochemistry, 2016, Springer.

Recommended texts

Leture#

Topics

1,2,3

Historic development of luminescent materials

4

Excitation and Emission processes

5,6

Luminescence mechanism

7

Luminescence centre

8,9

Charge transfer mechanism

10

Energy transfer mechanism

11,12

Radiative and non-radiative trations

13

Concentration quenching

81

14,15

Dieke's energy level diagram

16,17

Rare earth based luminescence

18,19

Energy level diagram of individual ion

20

Synthesis and characterization of phosphors

21,22

Up-conversion and quantum cutting

23,24

Dopant-host interactions

25

Quantum confinement and quantum dots

26

Types of luminescence

27

Photoluminescence (PL)

28

Electroluminescence (EL)

29

Cathodoluminescence

30

Thermoluminescence (TL)

31

Radioluminescence (RL)

32

Chemiluminescence

33

Bioluminescence, sonoluminescence)

34

Applications of luminescence

35

Medical imaging

36,37

Luminescence in phosphors

38

Phosphors for cathode ray tubes

39,40

LEDs and phosphors for white LEDs

41

OLEDs

42

Laser induced luminescence

43,44

Phosphors for medical imaging and storage phosphors

45

Scintillation phosphors and phosphors for radiation detectors

46

Colour perception and eye sensitivity

45

Chromaticity

82

38. Superconductivity

Course No.

PHY347

Course Title:

Superconductivity

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

Nil

Recommended Texts:

Aims & Objectives

1,2,3 4,5 6,7 8,9 10 11,12 13,14 15 16 17,18 19,20 21,22 23,24 25,26 27,28 29,30 31,32 33,34 35,36 37 38 39

1. J.B. Ketterson, Superconductivity, Cambridge University Press 1999. 2.T. Van Duzer, C.W. Turner, Circuits, 2nd edition, 3. Michael Tinkham, Introduction to superconductivity, Publisher, 1999. 4. A.R. Jha, Superconductor electro-optics, electrical & Sons, Inc., 1998. After completion of this course students are expected to learn about superconductivity and the theory behind it. Type I & II superconductors with various examples. Historical review the state of zero resistance Meissner effect Electrodynamics for zero resistance metals the critical magnetic field the London Theory Review of thermodynamics and the thermodynamical characterization of a metal in the superconducting state the intermediate state concept of coherence Type I superconductors Current transport in superconductors second-order phase transitions Microscopic theory of superconductivity concepts of the energy gap and Cooper pairs introduction to the BCS theory the superconducting ground state long range order in solids critical temperature and the heat capacity quantum interference the fluxoid The mixed state and type-II superconductors concept of the vortex

83

40 41 42 43 44 45

critical fields critical currents Normal and superconductive tunneling Josephson tunneling SQUID superconductors applications for computers and highfrequency devices

39. Semiconductor Devices and Applications Course No.

PHY441

Course Title:

Semiconductor Devices and Applications

TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY347 1. Werner Buckel, Reinhold Kleiner, Superconductivity

Recommended Texts:

Fundamentals and Applications, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2004. 2. paul Seidal, Applied superconductivity - Handbook on Devices and Applications, Vol2, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015.

Lecture#

After studying this course the students are expected to have basic knowledge about superconductivity and the basic theory behind it. They will also learn about the applications of superconductors. Topic

1 2,3 4,5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12,13 14 15 16 17,18 19,20 21 22,23

Superconductivity Theory behind superconductivity Superconductivity and applications Superconducting Magnetic Coils General Aspects Superconducting Cables and Tapes Coil Protection Superconducting Permanent Magnets Applications of Superconducting Magnets Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Magnetic Resonance Imaging Particle Accelerators Nuclear Fusion Energy Storage Devices Motors and Generators Magnetic Separation Levitated Trains

Aims & Objectives

84 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31,32 33,34 35 36,37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Superconductors for Power Transmission: Cables, Transformers, and Current-Limiting Devices Superconductors for Power Transmission Cables Superconductors for Transformers Superconductors for Current-Limiting Devices Superconducting Resonators and Filters High-Frequency Behavior of Superconductors Resonators for Particle Accelerators Resonators and Filters for Communications Technology Superconducting Detectors Sensitivity, Thermal Noise, and Environmental Noise Incoherent Radiation and Particle Detection: Bolometers and Calorimeters Coherent Detection and Generation of Radiation: Mixers, Local Oscillators and Integrated Receivers Quantum Interferometers as Magnetic Field Sensors SQUID Magnetometer: Basic Concepts Environmental Noise, Gradiometers, and Shielding Applications of SQUIDs Superconductors in Microelectronics Voltage Standards Digital Electronics Based on Josephson Junctions

40.Semiconductor Devices and Applications

Course No.

PHY442

Course Title:

Semiconductor Devices and Applications

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

Aims & Objectives

PHY342 1. S.M. Sze, Kwok K. Ng, Physics of Semiconductor John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA. 2. Ben G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Prentice Hall, Inc., USA. 3. S.O. Kasaf, Principle of Electronic Materials McGrawHill Companies, Inc., USA. At the end of this course, students are expected to learn basic concept of semiconductors. Intrinsic, extrinsic semicondcutors, their types and doping in it to get N & P-

85

Lecture# 1,2,3 4,5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17,18 19 20,21 22 23 24,25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

types semiconductors. They will learn various applications of semiconductors such as switching, amplification, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Topics Semiconductor Fundamentals Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors Doping of semiconductors Drift and diffusion of carriers Generation–recombination, pn Junction Forward Biased and Reverse Biased Junctions Reverse-Bias Breakdown Zener Breakdown Avalanche Breakdown Metal-Semiconductor junctions Schottky Barriers Rectifying contact Ohmic contact p-n Junction Diodes Tunnel Diodes Degenerate semiconductors Tunnel diode operation Circuit applications Photodiodes Solar cell Photovoltaic device principles Photodetectors Light-Emitting diodes Light-Emitting materials LED Charcteristics Multilayer Hetrojunctions for LEDs Applications in Fiber Optic Communications Semiconductor Lasers Materials for semiconductor lasers Basic semiconductor laser Hetrojunction lasers emission spectra for pn-junction lasers Bipolar Junction Transistors The load line Amplification Charge transport in BJT Amplification with BJTs Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) MOSFET

86

41. Astrophysics Course No.

PHY484

Course Title:

Astrophysics

(TCH LCH CrH) Pre-requisite:

(3 0 3) None

An Introduction to Modern Stellar Astrophysics, D.A. Ostlie, B.W. Carrol, Addison-Wisley Publishing Company, Inc., 1996. II. Nucleosynthesis and Chemical Evolution of Galaxies, B.E.J. Pagel, Cambridge Uni. Press, 1997. Course Description: Astrophysics deals with some of the most majestic themes known to science. Among these are the evolution of the universe from the Big Bang to the present day; the origin and evolution of planets, stars, galaxies, and the elements themselves; the unity of basic physical law; and the connection between the subatomic properties of nature and the observed macroscopic universe. Introduction and overview, Telescopes, Detectors, Instruments, satellites, Matter and Radiation, Interstellar medium, collapse of gas clouds, Jeans criterion, Star formation and Stellar structure, Nuclear reactions, Hydrostatic equilibrium, virial theorem, Stars masses, lStellar atmospheres, energy transport via radiation and convection, atomic transitions, chemical abundances, Properties of Stars and their spectra, Stellar dynamics, Evolution and final stages, Phenomenology of stars, magnitudes, colors, spectra, distances, radii, temperatures and luminosities, binaries, Gravitational, thermal, nuclear time scales. Ages of star, Metallicities, Evolution on the Main Sequence, Stellar evolution beyond the main sequence, AGB stars, HR Diagram, Binary Stars and Accretion Processes, Fate of Massive Stars, Supernova, types of supernova, Degenerate matter, stellar remnants, white dwarfs, Brown Dwarf, Neutron stars and black holes, pulsars, gamma-ray bursts, Planetary Nebulae, , X-ray binaries Objectives: Recommended Texts:

I.

A successful student should be able to: 1. Describe the features of objects in the Solar System (i.e. Sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, planetary interiors, atmospheres, etc.) giving details of similarities and differences between these objects; 2. Demonstrate an understanding of the basic properties of the Sun and other stars; 3. Explain stellar evolution, including red giants, supernovas, neutron stars, pulsars, white dwarfs and black holes, using evidence and presently accepted theories;

87

4. Explain the evolution of the expanding Universe using concepts of the Big Bang and observational evidence; 5. Use information learned in class and develop observation skills to be able to explain astronomical features and observations obtained via telescopic observations or data provided through computer simulations.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34

Topic Introduction and overview, Telescopes, Detectors, Instruments, Satellites, Matter and Radiation, Interstellar medium, Collapse of gas clouds, Jeans criterion, Star formation and Stellar structure, Nuclear reactions, Hydrostatic equilibrium, Virial theorem, Stars masses, Stellar atmospheres, Energy transport via radiation and convection, Atomic transitions, chemical abundances, Properties of Stars and their spectra, Stellar dynamics, Evolution and final stages, Phenomenology of stars, Magnitudes, colors, spectra, Distances, radii, temperatures and luminosities, Binaries, Gravitational time scale Thermal and nuclear time scales. Ages of star, Metallicities, Evolution on the Main Sequence, Stellar evolution beyond the main sequence, AGB stars, HR Diagram, Binary Stars and Accretion Processes, Fate of Massive Stars,

88

L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42

Supernova, types of supernova, Degenerate matter, Stellar remnants, White dwarfs, Brown Dwarf, Neutron stars and black holes, Pulsars, gamma-ray bursts, Planetary Nebulae,

L43

X-ray binaries

42. Material Characterization Techniques Course No.

PHY443

Course Title:

Material Characterization Techniques

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

1.

William F. Smith, Principles of Materials Science and Engineering, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, USA, 1990

2.

Electron Microscopy: Principles And Fundamentals, S. Amelinckx, D. van Dyck, J. van Landuyt and G. van Tendeloo (Editors), VCH, Weinheim, 1997.

3.

Atomic Force Microscopy / Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, S.H. Cohen and Marcia L. Lightbody (Editors), Plenum Press, New York, 1994. Electron Microscopy and Analysis by P.J. Goodhew and F.J. Humphreys, Taylor and Francis, London, 1988 Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry by P.J. Haines (Editor), Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Cambridge, 2002.

4. 5.

Course Description: This course work will provide basic descriptions of a range of common characterization methods for the determination of the structure and composition of solids. Special empesis is given to the techniques that are used to determine a variety of magnetic properties of bulk as well as nano structures and surfaces. Sample preparation techniques: Physical methods, Sample preparation techniques: chemical methods, Absorption and Transmission Spectra, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, FTIR, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), structure factor and intensity calculations, particle size calculation, Reciprocal lattice and Ewald sphere construction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), transmission electron microscopes, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning

89

calorimetry (DSC), Ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) chamber, preparation of ultra-thin magnetic films in UHV chamber, Ion Sputtering, Annealing, Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED), LEED pattern to calculate lateral lattice constant, LEED-IV to find perpendicular lattice constant, Medium Energy Electron Diffration (MEED), X-rays and magnetism: X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism (XMLD), X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD), Photo Emission Electron Microscope (PEEM), Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), Spin-Polarized STM, Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), Magnetic heating using AC mag. Field in Radio Frequency, Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Objectives:  

To provide basic descriptions of a range of common characterization methods for the determination of the structure and composition of solids. To determine a variety of magnetic properties of bulk as well as nano structures

Lecture-Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23

Topics Sample preparation techniques: Physical methods Sample preparation techniques: chemical methods Absorption and Transmission Spectra UV-Visible Spectrophotometer FTIR Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Structure factor and intensity calculations particle size calculation Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) chamber Pumps for creating Ultra-high-vacuum Preparation of ultra-thin magnetic films in UHV chamber Ion Sputtering Annealing Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) Lateral lattice constant from LEED pattern Perpendicular lattice constant from LEED-IV Medium Energy Electron Diffration (MEED) for film thickness X-rays and magnetism

90

L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism (XMLD) X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) Photo Emission Electron Microscope (PEEM) Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) Spin-Polarized STM Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) Magnetic heating using AC mag. Field in Radio Frequency Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation

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43. Nano-Physics and Technology Course No.

PHY445 (3-0-3)

Course Title:

Nano-Physics and Technology

(TCH LCH CrH) Pre-requisite:

(3 0 3) None

Recommended Texts:

1. Nanoscience Nanotechnologies and Nanophysics, C. Dupas P. Houdy M. Lahmani (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 2007. 2. Introduction to Nanoscience, S. N. Lindsay, Oxford University Press, 2008 3. Nanoscale Science and Technology, Eds. R. W. Kelsall, I. W. Hamley and M. Geoghegan, John Wiley & Sons (2005) 4. Edward L. Wolf, Nanophysics and nanotechnology: An Introduction to Modern Concepts in Nanoscience, WileyVCH (2006) 5. Ch. Poole Jr., F. J. Owens, Introduction to nanotechnology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003. 6. Marius Grundmann, The Physics of Semiconductors-An Introduction including Devices and nanophysics, SpringerVerlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 2006.

Course Description: To use a pedagogical approach in order to provide a grounding in all the major theoretical and experimental aspects of this new generation of science ‘Nano Physics and Technology’ for students preparing for a Masters or a PhD degree. Objectives: The main objectives of this course are to let the students think to answer the following questions: • How does one make a nanometer sized object? • How do the magnetic, optical and electrical properties of this nanoscale object change with size? • How do charges behave in nanoscale objects? • How does charge transport occur in these materials? • Do these nanoscale materials posess new and previously undiscovered properties? • How are they useful? • The student shall learn how basic physics can be used to describe and understand the behavior of electrons in nano-scale materials. • The course will hopefully motivate for further theoretical and experimental studies of electron transport in nano-scale materials. Introduction to nanophysics and nanotechnology, What is nanoscience?, There’s plenty of rooms at the bottom- A lecture by Feynman on nano structures in 1957, Why Physics is different for small systems?, Quantum nature of nanoworld, Microscopy and manipulation

92

tools, Making nanostructures: top-down, Making nanostructures: bottom-up, Electrons in nanostructures, Molecular electronics, Nanostructured materials, Nanobiology, Microscscaling laws and limits to smallness, nano fabrication, nanoscopy, Properties and application of semiconductor nanostructures, fabrication of semiconductor nanowires and quantum dots, electronic and optical properties, optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures, carbon nanostructures, nanomagnets and nanomagnetism, Paramagnetism, Langevin theory of Paramagnetism, Ferro-magnetism, Weiss theory of Ferromagnetism (Spontaneous magnetization), Magnetic Domains, Types of magnetic domains, Magnetic relaxation and resonance phenomena. Growth of Organised Nano-Objects on Prepatterned Surfaces, Clusters and Colloids, Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes, Nanowire, Nano-Object, Ultimate Electronics, Molecular Electronics, Nanomagnetism and Spin Electronics, Information Storag, Optronics, Nanophotonics for Biology, Numerical Simulation, Computer Architectures for Nanotechnology: Towards Nanocomputing.

Lecture-Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1

Topics Introduction to nanophysics and nanotechnology

L2

What is nanoscience?

L3 L4 L5

There’s plenty of rooms at the bottom- A lecture by Feynman on nano structures in 1957, Why Physics is different for small systems? Quantum nature of nanoworld, Microscopy and manipulation tools Making nanostructures: top-down

L6

Making nanostructures: bottom-up

L7

Electrons in nanostructures

L8

Molecular electronics

L9

Nanostructured materials

L10

Nanobiology

L11

Microscscaling laws and limits to smallness

L12

Nano fabrication

L13

Nanoscopy

L14

Properties and application of semiconductor nanostructures

93

L15

fabrication of semiconductor nanowires and quantum dots

L16

Electronic and optical properties

L17

Optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures

L18

Carbon nanostructures

L19

Nanomagnets and nanomagnetism

L20 L21

Paramagnetism Langevin theory of Paramagnetism

L22

Ferro-magnetism

L23

Weiss theory of Ferromagnetism (Spontaneous magnetization)

L24

Magnetic Domains, Types of magnetic domains

L25

Magnetic relaxation and resonance phenomena

L26

Growth of Organised Nano-Objects on Prepatterned Surfaces

L27

Clusters and Colloids

L28

Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes

L29 L30

Nanowire Nano-Object

L31

Ultimate Electronics

L32

Molecular Electronics

L33

Nanomagnetism and Spin Electronics

L34

Information Storag

L35 L36

Optronics Nanophotonics for Biology

L37

Numerical Simulation

L38

Computer Architectures for Nanotechnology

L39

Towards Nanocomputing

L40

Students’ presentation

L41

Students’ presentation

L42

Students’ presentation

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L43 L44 L45

Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation

44. Renewable Energy Resources Course No.

PHY483

Course Title:

Renewable Energy Resources

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

1. Renewable Energy Resources; John W. Twidell and Anthony D. Weir; E & F.N. Spon Ltd. London, 1986. 2. An Introduction to Solar Radiation: Muhammad Iqbal; Academic Press, Canada. 1983. 3. A Practical Guide to Solar Electricity, Simon Roberts: Prentice Hall, Inc. USA, 1991. 4. Solar Cells, Operating Principles, Technology, and system Application: Martin A. Green; Printice Hall, Inc. USA, 1982. 5. Solar Engineering Technology; Ted. J. Jansen, Prentice Hall, Inc. USA, 1985.

Course Description: This course provides an introduction to energy systems and renewable energy resources, with a scientific examination of the energy field and an emphasis on alternate energy sources and their technology and application. The class will explore society’s present needs and future energy demands, examine conventional energy sources and systems, including fossil fuels and nuclear energy, and then focus on alternate, renewable energy sources such as solar, biomass (conversions), wind power, geothermal, and hydro. Energy conservation methods will be emphasized. Course Objectives: At the successful completion of the course the student is expected to be able to 1. List and generally explain the main sources of energy and their primary applications 2. Describe the challenges and problems associated with the use of various energy sources, including fossil fuels, with regard to future supply and the environment. 3. Discuss remedies/potential solutions to the supply and environmental issues associated with fossil fuels and other energy resources 4. List and describe the primary renewable energy resources and technologies. Lecture-wise distribution 1. Energy Scenarios: Importance of energy, world primary energy sources 2. Energy demand, supplies, reserves, growth in demand 3. Life estimates, and consumption pattern of conventional energy sources: oil, gas, coal, hydro, nuclear etc. 4. Energy & Environment: Emission of pollutants from fossil fuels and their damaging effects and economics impact 5. Renewable energy and its sustainability

95 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

Renewable Scenarios: Defining renewable promising renewable energy sources, their potential, availability, present status Existing technologies and availability Solar Energy: Sun-Earth relationship, geometry, sun path and solar irradiance, solar spectrum, solar constant Atmospheric effects, global distribution, daily and seasonal variations Effects of tilt angle, resource estimation, extraterrestrial, global, direct, diffused radiation Sun shine hours, air mass, hourly, monthly and annual mean, radiation on tilt surface, measuring instruments Solar Thermal: Flat plate collectors, their designs, heat transfer, transmission through glass Absorption and transmission of sun energy, selective surfaces, performance, and efficiency Low temperature applications: water heating, cooking, drying, desalination, their designs and performance Concentrators, their designs, power generation, performance and problems Photovoltaic: PV effect, materials, solar cell working, efficiencies Different types of solar cells, characteristics, (dark, under illumination) Efficiency limiting factors, power, spectral response, fill-factor, temperature effect PV systems, components, packing fraction, modules, arrays, controllers, inverters, storage PV system sizing, designing, performance and applications Wind: Global distribution, resource assessment, wind speed, height and topographic effects Power extraction for wind energy conversion, wind mills, their types, capacity, properties Wind mills for water lifting and power generation, environmental effect Hydropower: Global resources, and their assessment, classification, micro, mini, small and large resources Principles of energy conversion Turbines, types, their working and efficiency for micro to small power systems; environmental impact Biogas: Biomass sources; residue, farms, forest. Solid wastes Agricultural, industrial and municipal wastes etc Applications, traditional and non-traditional uses Utilization process, gasification, digester, types, energy forming Environment issues. Resources availability; digester, their types, sizes, and working Gas production, efficiency; environmental effects Geothermal: Temperature variation in the earth, sites, potentials, availability, extraction techniques Applications; water and space heating, power generations, problems, environmental effects. Waves and Tides: Wave motion, energy, potentials, sites, power extraction, and transmission Generation of tides, their power, global sites, power generation, resource assessment Problems, current status and future prospects Hydrogen Fuel: Importance of H2 as energy carrier, Properties of H2, production, hydrolysis, fuel cells, types Applications, current status and future prospects. Nuclear: Global generations of reserves through reprocessing and breeder reactors Growth rate, prospects of nuclear fusion, safety and hazards issue

96 43. Energy Storage 44. Importance of energy storage, storage systems 45. Mechanical, chemical, biological, heat, electrical energy storage, fuel cells etc.

45. Bio-Physics Course No.

PHY405

Course Title:

Bio-Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY102,PHY331, Zoo-101

Recommended Texts:

1. Philip Nelson, Biological Physics: Energy, Information, Life, W.H. Freeman & Co., New York, 2004. 2. Ronald Glaser, Biophysics, 5th edition, Springer 2001

Course Description: An introduction to the physical principles that underlie the dynamics of life from the macro to molecular scale. The course is intended as an optional course for final year BS students. This course will cover a broad spectrum of topics including mechanics of human body and animals, vision and hearing of living bodies, electrical and optical properties of molecules, applications of physics principles in medical science such as MRI etc. Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are 1. to explore the biophysics of signaling and movement at the cellular level 2. to introduce mathematical modeling in biophysics 3. to appreciate how biophysical measurements can be acquired and used in clinical environments 4. to explore the applications of physical principles in medical physics Lecture-wise distribution

1. 2. 3.

Motion and Bio-dynamics Animal Locomotion Simple Pendulum, Comparison of Pendulum and animal’s legs and stepping time for an animal

4. Human legs as a Physical pendulum, the action of forces and torques. 5. Waves and Bio-Optics 6. Wave phenomenon, Properties of sound waves and hearing 7. structure and function of the ear 8. the auditory canal and resonance in a closed /opened pipe 9. The middle Ear and the impedance matching between inner and outer ear 10.The inner Ear and resonance in Basilar fibers (Newton 2nd law of motion) 11.Optics in vision and eyesight correction 12.Properties of light refraction, reflection

97

13.Thin lenses and related concepts 14.Refractive power of lens 15.Optics of the eye and vision 16.Refractive power of the eye, visual acuity 17.Pupillary diameter effects 18.Eyesight problems and correction 19.Light Absorption and Color in Bio-molecules 20.Colors in biological tissues and natural pigments 21.Pigments and simple quantum mechanics 22.Electron resonance in a linear/cyclic conjugated molecules 23.Absorption and emission of light 24.Perception of colors and photoreceptors (cones) 25.Absorption dependence on molecule length 26.Vibrational spectra 27.Electricity and Conduction in Human Body: Neurons and Nerve conduction 28.Electrical properties of Neurons, the concepts of resistance and voltage 29.Ohm’s law, capacitance, interpretation of impulse propagation 30.Electric Potential and membrane Potential, electrical circuits and cardiovascular system 31.Action potential, Ohm’s law, cable model of Axon, RC components and Axon membrane 32.Bio-Imaging: Protein structures, X-ray crystallography, and Bragg’s law 33.Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 34.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 35.Intrinsic magnetism and angular momentum effects, chemical shift and NMR Microscopy 36.Ultrasound imaging, Tomography or X-rays computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan), Positron emission tomography (PET)

37.Thermodynamics and the Origin of Life: Body temperature regulation, cellular metabolism 38.Living systems and first law of thermodynamics and energy conservation, Internal energy, Enthalpy

39.Life and 2nd law of thermodynamic, Molecular entropy and disorder, Free energy of a system, Free energy and chemical equilibrium

40.Diffusion, Diffusion across membranes, Gibb’s free energy, Fick’s law and passive diffusion across membranes

41.Fluid system and Human Cardiovascular system Fluid dynamics of Human circulation 42.The concepts of pressure and flow rate, the systemic and pulmonary systems 43.The continuity equation and the relation between cross-section of the aorta and velocity of blood

44.Hydrostatics and the effect of viscosity flow rate of blood and poiseuille’s equation

98

45.Power output and work done by the heart 46.Particle Physics Course No

PHY452

Course Title

Particle Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite

None

Recommended Texts

1. 2.

Introduction to Elementary Particles, by David Griffiths WILEY-VCH 2008 Introduction to High Energy Physics 4th Edition by Donald H. Perkins Cambridge University Press; 4 edition (April 24, 2000)

Course Description: This course gives an introduction to the elementary particles and their properties. It introduces the standard model and Feynman calculus. Some advance topics like renormalizations are also covered.

Objectives: On successful completion of this course, you should: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Understand the difference between fermions and bosons, and how they behave. Know the characteristics of the electromagnetic, strong and weak interactions. Be familiar with the consequences of boson exchange in the mediation of forces. Be able to use Feynman diagrams to describe interactions. Understand scattering, and the role of form factors, being able to calculate the form factor for simple charge distributions. 6. Know the quantum numbers of particles in the lowest lying multiplets. 7. Recognise allowed and forbidden processes for each of the interactions. 8. Be able to calculate the kinematics of 2-body interactions and decays.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4

Topic History of particles Basic concepts Classification of particles-fermions and bosons Basic fermion constituents

99 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Quarks Leptons Hadron-hadron interactions Cross-sections Particles detectors Accelerators interactions of charged particles and radiation with matter Accelerators Detectors of single charge particles Shower Detectors and calorimeters Examples of the application of detection techniques to experiments Invariance principles and conservation laws Invariance in classical and quantum mechanics Positronium decay Time-reversal invariance in classical and quantum mechanics Parity Chrage Conjugation Time-reversal invariance Isospin G-parity Dalitz plots Wave-optical discussion of hadron scattering Rage-pole model Static quark model of hadrons The vector mesons Electromagnetic mass differences Heavy-meson spectroscopy The quark model Weak interactions Classification of weak interactions Fermi theory Lepton-quark interaction The parton model of hadrons Fundamental interactions Unification of Fundamental interactions Re-normalizability in quantum electrodynamics Quantum electrodynamics predictions of electron Muon magnetic moments. Isospin symmetry Nuclear B-decay Decay rates Electroweak unification Lagrangian formulation of classical particle mechanics

100

47.Quantum Field Theory Course code Course Title (TCH LCH CrH)

PHY421 Quantum Field Theory (3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts

PHY411 1. Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model 1st Edition by Matthew D. Schwartz Cambridge University Press; 2013 2 An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, Michael E.Peskin and Daniel V. Schroeder, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1995 3 Quantum Field theory, Mark Srednicki , Cambridge University Press, 2007 4 Quantum field theory in Nutshell A.Zee, Princeton University Press, 2010 5 Modern Quantum field theory , Tom Banks, Cambridge University Press, 2008

Course Description: This course introduces the field concept in quantum mechanics. Relativistic quantum mechanics is introduced and symmetries and anomalies are also discussed. Objectives: After completing this course, the students should be able to: 1. Give the Fourier expansions of scalar, Dirac and the photon fields 2. Explain field quantization 3. Explain symmetries and conservation laws in the Lagrangian formalism 4. Explain the Feynman propagator and Feynman rules 5. Explain regularization and renormalization 6. Calculate cross sections for simple processes

101

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1

Topic Introduction to the course

L2

Review of basic concepts of quantum mechanics

L3

Review of basic concepts of Relativity

L4

Spin Zero

L5

Kline Gordon Equation

L6

Dirac Equation

L7

Lorentz Invariance

L8

Free Scalar field theory

L9

The Spin statistics theorem

L10

Path integral quantization

L11

Scattering Amplitude

L12

Renormalization

L13

Free Fermion propagator

L14

The Feynman rules

L15

Discrete symmetries

L16

Perturbation theory

L17

Continuous symmetries

L18

Course need currents

L19

Discrete symmetries

L20

The renormalization group

L21

Spontaneous symmetry breaking

L22

Spinor fields

L23

Gama matrices

L24

Lagrangian for Spinor fields

L25

Canonical quantization of spinor fields

L26

Parity

102

L27

Time reversal

L28

Charge conjugation

L29

Free Fermion propagator

L30

The Feynman rules for Dirac fields

L31

Gama matrices

L32

Loop correction in Yukawa theory

L33 L34

Functional Determinants Spin one

L35

Maxwell equation

L36

Spinor electrodynamics

L37

Beta functions in Quantum Electrodynamics

L38

Non-abelian gauge theory

L39

Anomalies in Global symmetries

L40

Chiral Symmetry Breaking

L41

The standard model

L42

Gauge Sector

L43

Higgs Sector

L44

Lepton Sector

L45

Quark Sector

103

48.String Theory Course code

PHY422

Course Title

String Theory

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite

None

Recommended Texts

1. A first Course in String Theory, Barton Zwiebach, Cambridge University Press 2009 2. String Theory and M-Theory: A Modern Introduction, Katrin Becker, Melanie Becker, John H. Schwarz, Cambridge University Press, 2006 3. String Theory in a Nutshell, Elias Kiritsis, Princeton University Press, 2007 4. String Theory, Joseph Polchinski, Cambridge University Press, 1998

Course Description: This course introduces string theory to undergraduate. Since string theory is quantum mechanics of a relativistic string, the foundations of the subject can be explained to students exposed to both special relativity and basic quantum mechanics. This course develops the aspects of string theory and makes it accessible to students familiar with basic electromagnetism and statistical mechanics.

Objectives: 4. To understand the shortcomings of the standard model 5. To understand the idea of strings as fundamental objects 6. To be able to quantize the string theory 7. To be able to extract particle content form string theory

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture Number L1 L2 L3

Topic Introduction Review of Basic concepts Special relativity

104

L4

Spaces

L5

Tensors

L6

Types of Tensors

L7

Extra dimensions

L8

Units and parameters

L9

Intervals

L10

Lorentz transformations

L11

Light-cone coordinates

L12

Relativistic energy

L13

Relativistic momentum

L14

Light-cone energy

L15

Light-cone momentum

L16

Lorentz invariance with extra dimensions

L17

Compact extra dimensions

L18

Square well with an extra dimension

L19

Equations of motion for transverse oscillations

L20

Boundary conditions

L21

Initial conditions

L22

Frequencies of transverse oscillation

L23

The non-relativistic string

L24

Lagrangian action for a relativistic point particle

L25

Reparameterization invariance

L26

Relativistic particle with electric charge

L27

Reparameterization invariance of the area

L28

Area functional for space-time surfaces

L29

The Nambu-Goto string action

L30

Boundary conditions

L31

D-branes

L32

The static gauge

L33

Tension of a stretched string

105

L34

Energy of a stretched string

L35

Action in terms of transverse velocity

L36

Motion of open string endpoints

L37

String parameterization

L38

Classical motion

L39

World-sheet currents

L40

Light-cone relativistic strings

L41

Light-cone fields

L42

Light-cone particles

L43

Relativistic quantum open strings

L44

Relativistic quantum closed strings

L45

Relativistic superstrings

49.Cosmology

Course Code

PHY425

Course Title

Cosmology

(TCH LCH Cr.H)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite (s)

None

Recommended Texts:

1. J. V. Narlikar, Introduction to Cosmology, Cambridge University Press, 1989. 2. Peter Coles Cosmology: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2001. 3. Fred C. Adams and Greg Laughlin The Five Ages of the Universe, Simon & Schuster, 2000, 4. Barbara Ryden, Introduction to Cosmology, Addison-Wesley; 1 edition (October 18, 2002) Course description: We will apply the laws of physics to address some fundamental questions: What are our origins? What is our place in the overall cosmic scene? What is time? What is dark energy, and what the dark matter? Cosmology has recently made great strides,

106

primarily driven by novel telescopes and other observational probes. We will trace this great story of discovery, leading us to the current frontier of knowledge. You will learn to look at the physics behind these exciting phenomena, and make things as simple as possible, but still capture the important effects. Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

To understand the basics of the subject To learn about inflation and dark energy To be able to appreciate difficulties with Newtonian gravitation To be able to understand the theory of expansion of universe To understand the theory of inflation

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture Number

Topic

L1

Introduction

L2

Background

L3

Cosmology

L4

Newtonian cosmology

L5

Cosmological redshift

L6

Hubble’s law

L7

Microwave Background

L8

The Big Bang expansion rate

L9

The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR)

107

L10

Radiation domination

L11

History of the universe

L12

Isotropy

L13

Homogeneity

L14

Clustering properties of galaxies and large-scale structure

L15

Friedmann equation

L16

Difficulties with Newtonian gravitation

L17

Mach’s Principle

L18

Robertson-Walker metric

L19

Dark matter

L20

Nucleosynthesis

L21

The Early Universe

L22

Inflation

L23

The very early universe

L24

Dark matter

L25

Cosmological Principles

L26

Measurements of distances, luminosities, angular sizes, etc. in the cosmological context

L27

The Friedman models of classical cosmology

L28

Observational tests of the Friedman models

L29

The Anthropic Principle and Dirac's large numbers

L30

Radiation-dominated expansion

L31

The epoch of “recombination”

L32

Nuclear statistical equilibrium in the early Universe

L33

Synthesis of the light elements

L34

Measurements of primordial light element abundances

L35

Baryon and lepton asymmetry in the early Universe

L36

Equation of state for inflation

L37

Fluctuation spectrum emerging from the inflationary epoch

L38

Jeans’ instability

108

L39

Growth of density perturbations in Friedman models

L40

Dissipation processes

L41

Adiabatic and isothermal fluctuations in baryonic matter

L42

Growth of fluctuations and damping processes in non-baryonic matter

L43

Gravitational, adiabatic, and Doppler perturbations

L44

Multipole expansion of temperature fluctuations

L45

Non-linear collapse of density perturbations

50.Plasma Physics Course No.

PHY481

Course Title:

Plasma Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY102

Recommended Texts:

1. F. F. Chen, Introduction to plasma Physics, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 3rd edition, (2016) 2. N. A. Krall and A.W.Trivelpiece, Principles of Plasma Physics, 1973 (McGraw Hill). 3. S. Glasstone and R.H.Lovberg, Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, 1960 (D.Van Nestrand).

Course Description: This is a first course on plasma physics, includes critical concepts needed for the foundation. The course introduces basics plasma terminologies, the fluid description of plasma & the wave’s generation mechanism along with the propagation properties in the framework of fluid theory. An undergraduate background in classical mechanics, electromagnetic theory including Maxwell's equations and mathematical familiarity with partial differential equations and complex analysis are prerequisites. Objectives: 

The course introduces the plasma state, provides the fundamental concepts and basic criteria sets for plasma.

109

 

To understand the fluid theory of plasma To understand collective modes of plasma in the frame work of fluid theory

LECTURE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTENTS Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36

Topic Introduction: Occurrence of plasma in nature Definition of plasma concept of temperature Debye shielding, plasma parameters, Criteria for plasma, application of plasma physics Single particle motion: Introduction, Uniform E and B fields, Non-uniform B field, Non-uniform E field, Time-varying E field, Time-varying B field, Solutions of selected problem Guiding center drifts, Adiabatic invariants Plasma as Fluids: Introduction, Relation of plasma physics with ordinary electromagnetics, The fluid equation of motion, Fluid drift perpendicular to B, Fluid drift parallel to B, The plasma approximation Waves in Plasmas: Representation of waves, Group velocity, Plasma oscillation, Solutions of selected problem Electron plasma wave, sound wave, Ion waves, validity of the plasma approximation, Comparison of ion and electron waves, Solutions of selected problem Electrostatic electron oscillation perpendicular to B, Electrostatic ion wave perpendicular to B, The lower hybrid frequency, electromagnetic wave with Bo = 0, Solutions of selected problem

110

L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Experimental application, Electromagnetic waves perpendicular to Bo, Cutoffs and resonance, Electromagnetic waves parallel to Bo, Experimental consequences, Hydromagnetic waves, Magnetostatic waves, Solutions of selected problem Summary of elementary plasma waves, Fusion, Fusion schemes

51.Principles of Lasers

Course No.

PHY471

Course Title:

Principles of Lasers

(TCH LCH CrH) Pre-requisite:

(3 0 3) PHY371

Recommended Texts:

1. Lasers and Electro-Optics by Christopher Davis, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (May 12, 2014) 2. Lasers by Anothony E. Seigman, University Science Books, Mill Valley CA (1986). 3. Nonlinear Optics by Robert Boyd, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2008

Course Description: The principles of laser operation will be discussed with reference to commonly used laser systems. The course provides knowledge of the laser as a fundamental tool of contemporary science and technology. The course will give a detailed and mathematical introduction to gain media, laser cavities, Gaussian beams, and their combination into many forms of laser Objectives:   

To understand how the design of a laser and the choice of the gain medium affects its output characteristics To discuss the differences between continuous & pulsed laser systems, and the uses of both Perform quantitative calculations on the properties of cavities, beams, and gain media, and the output of simple laser systems

111

LECTURE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTENTS Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36

Topic wave nature of light, Maxwell’s equations, particle nature of light, characteristics of laser light, energy levels, quantum theory of energy levels, quantum theory of energy levels, radiative transition, emission broadening processes, emission broadening processes, quantum mechanical description of radiating atoms, quantum mechanical description of radiating atoms, Solutions of selected problems molecular energy levels and spectra, energy levels and radiation properties, spontaneous emission, absorption and stimulated emission, Einstein coefficient, Einstein coefficient, inversion, gain saturation, threshold requirement for laser operation, population densities, small signal gain coefficient, laser beam growth beyond saturation, laser beam growth beyond saturation, steady state laser output, laser output power, laser amplifiers, population inversion, 2-level system, steady state inversion in 3 and 4 level systems, steady state inversion in 3 and 4 level systems, transient population inversions, pumping and threshold requirement, techniques of pumping,

112

L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

techniques of pumping, cavity and cavity modes, special resonator cavities, Q-switching, mode-locking, types of laser types, ultrafast pulse generation, ultrafast pulse generation, harmonic generation harmonic generation

52.Applications of Lasers Course Title:

Applications of Lasers

(TCH LCH CrH) Pre-requisite:

(3 0 3) PHY471

Recommended Texts:

Lasers and Electro-Optics by Christopher Davis, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (May 12, 2014) Principles of Lasers by Orazio Svelto, Fifth Edition, Springer Science, New York, 2010 J.J.Duderstadt & G.A.Mosses, Inertial Confinement Fusion (JohnWiley and Sons) 1982.

Course Description: This course is based on the laser applications, e.g. in CD players, telecoms, industrial processing, spectroscopy and many bioscience applications. Objectives:    

To understand the operations of different types of lasers To understrand how material processing is accomplished with lasers To introduce with the basic fiber optic communication systems To introduce with the metrological and medical applications of laser

113

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42

Topic Laser selection criteria for specific applications, applications of lasers in Communications: long distance and local area networks, long distance and local area networks, Medical applications: surgery; Medical applications: surgery; photodynamic therapy, Material Processing: Material Processing: drilling; heat treatment; heat treatment melting and alloying, Scientific Research: absorption spectroscopy; emission techniques (Laser Induced Fluorescence), emission techniques (Laser Induced Fluorescence), scattering techniques; inertial confinement fusion; inertial confinement fusion; Raman and coherent Raman (CARS) pump and probe techniques; Raman and coherent Raman (CARS) pump and probe techniques; diagnostics of excited states signal to noise ratio considerations, diagnostics of excited states signal to noise ratio considerations, laser remote sensing, laser remote sensing, Velocity and Temperature measurements, Velocity and Temperature measurements, mass flow rates; mass flow rates; Combustion Diagnostics Optoacoustic diagnostics, film thickness measurements, disbond locations business: bar code reading, alignment, range finding, gyroscope, gyroscope, gyroscope, UV light source in micro-lithography,

114

L43 L44 L45

UV light source in micro-lithography, DVD and CD reader DVD and CD reader

53.Laser Plasma Interaction Course No.

PHY482

Course Title:

Laser Plasma Interaction

(TCH LCH CrH) Pre-requisite:

(3 0 3) PHY471, PHY481

Recommended Texts: 1. Lasers and Electro-Optics by Christopher Davis, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (May 12, 2014) 2. WL Kruer, Physics Of Laser Plasma Interactions- Westview Press (2003) 3. J.J.Duderstadt & G.A.Mosses, Inertial Confinement Fusion (John-Wiley and Sons) 1982. 4. Akira Hasegawa, Plasma Instablities and Nonlinear Effects (Spring-Verlag) 1975. Course Description: This course provides an overview of the various plasma processes which determine the interaction of intense light waves with plasmas Objectives:   

To analyze the electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma To understand the basics of laser‐plasma interaction under physical conditions To understand various plasma instabilities under different plasma configurations

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9

Topic The basic concepts and two-fluid descriptions of plasmas, The basic concepts and two-fluid descriptions of plasmas, The basic concepts and two-fluid descriptions of plasmas, The basic concepts and two-fluid descriptions of plasmas, EM wave propagation in plasmas, EM wave propagation in plasmas, EM wave propagation in plasmas, EM wave propagation in plasmas, propagation of obliquely incident light waves in inhomogeneous

115

L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

plasmas, propagation of obliquely incident light waves in inhomogeneous plasmas, propagation of obliquely incident light waves in inhomogeneous plasmas, propagation of obliquely incident light waves in inhomogeneous plasmas, collisional absorption of EM waves, collisional absorption of EM waves, collisional absorption of EM waves, collisional absorption of EM waves, Parametric excitation of electron and ion waves. Parametric excitation of electron and ion waves. Parametric excitation of electron and ion waves. Parametric excitation of electron and ion waves. Parametric excitation of electron and ion waves. Stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering, Stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering, Stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering, Stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering, Stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering, Stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering, heating by plasma waves, heating by plasma waves, heating by plasma waves, density-profile modification density-profile modification density-profile modification The nonlinear features of underdense plasma instabilities The nonlinear features of underdense plasma instabilities The nonlinear features of underdense plasma instabilities The nonlinear features of underdense plasma instabilities electron energy transport electron energy transport electron energy transport Laser plasma experiments Laser plasma experiments Laser plasma experiments Physics of laser plasma interaction Physics of laser plasma interaction

116

55.Density Matrix Theory Course No. Course Title

PHY643 Density Matrix Theory

(TCH LCH Cr.H)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite

None

Recommended Texts

1. Density Matrix Theory and Applications, Karl Blum, 3rd Edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. 2. Quantum Statistical Mechanics, William C. Schieve, Lawrence P. Horwitz, Cambridge University Press, 2009. 3. Statistical Mechanics, Franz Schwabl, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 4. Lectures on Light Nonlinear and Quantum Optics using the Density Matrix, Stephen C. Rand, Oxford University Press Inc., 2010.. 5. Entangled Systems: New Directions in Quantum Physics, Jürgen Audretsch,

WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,

Weinheim, 2007. 6. Quantum Statistical Mechanics: Equilibrium and non-equilibrium theory from first principles, Phil Attard, IOP Publishing Ltd, 2015.

Aim: To enable students understand the basic as well as the advance concepts of quantum statistical approach to solve problems in different fields of science, engineering, and technology.

Objectives: 1. To familiarize students with the techniques of Density Matrix Theory. 2. To guide students understand how to encode information of quantum mechanical systems. 3. To enable students understand many body problems.

Course Description: Starting with the very basics of quantum mechanical systems, the concept of Density Matrix Theory is introduced. The density matrix is developed followed by defining the density/statistical operator in terms of the basis states of the system. The general density matrix theory is presented for the development of basic formalisms for the solution of physical problems in the quantum systems.

117 Furthermore, the density matrix formalisms for coupled systems are developed. The underlying concepts play very important role when the system interacts with external fields. Finally, the Quantum Theory of Relaxation is explained. This will help the students understand the underlying principles based on density matrix and their relevance to practical problems.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number

Topics

L1 L2 L3 L4

Introduction to the subject, Spin States Density Matrix of Spin-1/2 Particles, Pure Spin States The polarization Vector, Mixed Spin States, Pure Versus Mixed States The Spin Density Matrix and Its Basic Properties, Basic Definitions

L5

Significance of the Density Matrix, The Number of Independent Parameters

L6

Parameterization of the Density Matrix, Identification of Pure States,

L7

The Algebra of the Pauli Matrices, Pure and Mixed Quantum Mechanical States The Density Matrix and Its Basic Properties, Coherence Versus Incoherence Elementary Theory of Quantum Beats, The Concept of Coherent Superposition Time Evolution of Statistical Mixtures, The Time Evolution Operator

L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19

The Liouville Equation The Interaction Picture, Spin Precession in a Magnetic Field, Systems in Thermal Equilibrium The Nonseparability of Quantum Systems after an Interaction, Interaction with an Unobserved System Some Further Consequences of the Principle of Nonseparability Collisional Spin Depolarization, The Reduced Density Matrix The Coherence Properties of the Polarization States Description of the Emitted Photon, Complete Coherence in Atomic Excitation The Reduced Density Matrix of the Atomic System Restrictions due to Symmetry Requirements

118 L20 L21

Nonseparability Entanglement, Correlations in Two-Particle Spin-1/2 Systems

L22 L23

Two-Particle Density Matrices and Reduced Density Matrices Criterion for Entanglement

L24

Correlation Parameters and Their Interpretation

L25

Joint Probabilities

L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32

Entanglement Versus Classical Correlations LOCC-Procedures Entanglement in Mixtures States with Maximal Entanglement Entropy of Entanglement, Bell States Correlations in the Singlet States, Conditional Probabilities, Entanglement and Non- Locality

L33 L34

Bell Inequalities

L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Quantum Theory of Relaxation: Density Matrix Equations for Dissipative Quantum Systems Markoff Processes Time Correlation Functions Discussion of the Markoff Approximation The Relaxation Equation, The Secular Approximation Rate (Master) Equations Kinetics of Stimulated Emission and Absorption The Bloch Equations The Optical Bloch Equations Some Properties of the Relaxation Matrix The Liouville Formalism Linear Response of a Quantum System to an External Perturbation

119

56. Advanced Statistical Mechanics Course No

PHY512

Course Title

Advanced Statistical Mechanics

Credit Hours

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite

None

Recommended Texts:

1. Statistical Mechanics, Kerson Huang, John Wiley and Sons, 2004. 2. Statistical Physics, L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshits, Elsevier Ltd. 2011. 3. Quantum Statistical Mechanics: Equilibrium and nonequilibrium theory from first principles, Phil Attard, IOP Publishing Ltd, 2015. 4. Quantum Statistical Mechanics, William C. Schieve, Lawrence P. Horwitz, Cambridge University Press, 2009. 5. Statistical Mechanics, Franz Schwabl, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006.

Aim: To enable students understand the basic as well as the advanced concepts of statistical mechanics. It provides the important relationship between the microscopic quantum world and the behavior of macroscopic material which is amenable to experiment. Objectives: 1. To familiarize students with the basic and advanced concepts and principles of statistical mechanics. 2. To guide students understand how to derive and interpret expressions for the various properties of statistical system. 3. To enable students utilize the terms and basic methods of statistical physics in various fields of natural science. Course Description: The first part of this course reviews the basic concepts and laws of thermodynamics and their potential applications in various fields. In turn it explains the kinetic theory of gaseous systems, Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann’s H theorem, transport phenomena in different physical systems. The second part focuses on the classical statistical mechanics and its fundamental postulates and other phenomenological concepts. It exploits the notions of canonical ensembles and grand

120 canonical ensembles, Gibbs paradox, energy and density fluctuations, and the Maxwell construction. The third part of this course is specified for the explanation and understanding of quantum statistical mechanics. The main focus is on the postulates of quantum statistical mechanics, postulates of random phases, density matrix, canonical and microcanonical ensembles, quantum statistics of distinguishable and indistinguishable particles, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics, etc.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1

Topics Review of the laws of thermodynamics

L2 L3 L4

First, second and third law of thermodynamics Applications of the laws of thermodynamics

L5

Formulation of the collision terms

L6

Binary collisions

L7

Boltzmann transport equation

L8

The Gibbsian ensemble

L9 L10

Liouville’ theorem

L11

Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution

L12

Further analysis of Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution

L13

The method of the most probable distribution

L14

Further analysis of the method of the most probable distribution

L15

Analysis of the H theorem

L15

Transport phenomenon, the mean free path

L16

Effusion, the conservation laws

L17 L18

Conservation theorem

L19

The first order approximation

L20

The postulates of classical statistical mechanics

L21 L22

Postulate of Equal a Priori Probability Microcanonical ensemble

The kinetic theory of gases

Boltzmann’s H theorem

The zero order approximation

121 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Equipartition theorem Classical ideal gas Gibbs paradox Canonical ensemble Energy fluctuation in the canonical ensemble Grand canonical ensemble Density fluctuations in the grand canonical ensemble Equivalence of the canonical ensemble and the grand canonical ensemble The meaning of the Maxwell construction Postulates of quantum statistical mechanics Postulate of Equal a Priori Probability Postulate of Random Phases Density matrix Ensemble in quantum statistical mechanics Microcanonical ensembles Canonical ensemble Quantum model of matter The canonical distribution in quantum statistics The quantum oscillator Planks formula for the equilibrium radiation of a perfectly black body, Heat capacity of solids Heat capacity of a diatomic ideal gas, quantum statistics of distinguishable and indistinguishable particle systems Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics , Application of Bose-Einstein statistics to the photon gas Application of Fermi-Dirac statistics to the electron gas in metal, Condensation of an ideal Bose-Einstein gas.

122

57. Advanced Mathematical Methods of Physics Course No

PHY741

Course Title

Advanced Mathematical Methods of Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite

None

Recommended Texts

1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, F. E. Harris, 7th edition, Elsevier Academic Press, 2013. 2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th edition, Erwing Keryszig, John Wiley & Sons New York, 2011. 3. Higher Mathematics for Physics and Engineering, H. Shima and T. Nakayama, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. 4. Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems, 4th edition, D. G. Zill, M. R. Cullen, Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 2009. 5. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson, and S. J. Bence, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2006.

6. Mathematical Methods for Physical Sciences, L. M. Boss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006.

Aim: To enable students understand the advance concepts of mathematical techniques to solve problems in different fields of science, engineering, and technology.

Objectives: 1. To familiarize students with a broad range of mathematical techniques that are essential for solving advanced real world problems in theoretical physics. 2. To enable students obtain a deeper understanding of the mathematics underpinning theoretical physics. 3. To prepare the student with mathematical tools and techniques that are required in advanced courses offered in physics and engineering programs. Course Description: This course covers a broad spectrum of mathematical techniques essential to the solution of advanced problems in physics, engineering and other branches of natural science. Topics

123 include ordinary and partial differential equations, their solutions, Sturm-Liouville Theory of orthogonal functions, Green’s functions, Fourier Series, Integral Transforms, Integral Equations, Bessel Functions, Legendre Functions, and Hermite Functions, Laguerre Functions, Chebyshev Polynomials.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32

Topics Ordinary differential equations, Partial differential equations, boundary conditions First-order differential equations, Separable variables Exact differential equations, Linear first-order ODEs Differential equations in cartesian, cylindrical Coordinates Differential equations in Spherical Cartesian Coordinates, singular points Series solutions Second solution Self-Adjoint ODEs, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, Hermitian operators Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, completeness of eigenfunctions Eigenfunction expansion of Green’s function, one dimensional Green’s function Integral and differential forms of Green’s function Green’s function and Dirac Delta function Fourier series expansion, general properties Uses of Fourier series, derivation of Reimann zeta function. Integral Transforms, Fourier Transforms Development of Fourier integral, Fourier Transforms-Inversion Theorem, Sine and Cosine Transforms. Fourier Transform of Derivatives Convolution theorem, Parseval’s relation Momentum representation, examples Laplace Transforms, Laplace Inverse Transform Laplace Transform of Derivatives, Other properties of Laplace Transform Convolution Theorem Integration of Transforms, examples Convolution Theorem Inverse Laplace Transform Introduction to Fredholm and volterra equations, examples Transformation of a Differential Equation into an Integral Equation, example of linear oscillator equation. Integral Transforms, Generating Functions, examples Neumann Series, Separable (Degenerate) Kernels Hilbert–Schmidt Theory Bessel functions of first kind and its generating function

124 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Recurrence relations of Bessel function, derivation of Bessel’s differential equation Integral representation of Bessel functions Orthogonality and normalization of Bessel functions Neumann function-Bessel functions of second kind Wronskian Formulas Hankel functions Modified Bessel functions Asymptotic expansions Spherical Bessel functions Generating function of Legendre Functions Recurrence relations and special Properties of Legendre Functions

Orthogonality, Associated Legendre functions Generating function, recurrence relations, orthogonality, examples

58. Advanced Quantum Mechanics Course code Course Title (TCH LCH CrH)

PHY701 Advanced Quantum Mechanics

Pre-requisite:

None

(3 0 3)

Recommended Texts

1. Advanced Quantum Mechanics, J. J. Sakurai, Albert Whitman & Company, 2013. 2. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, J. D. Bjorken and S. D. Drell McGraw Hill, 1984. 3. Quantum Theory of Many-Particle Systems, A. L. Fetter, J. D. Walecka, Dover Publications, Inc. 2003. Advanced

Quantum

Mechanics,

R.

Dick,

Springer

Science+Business Media, 2012. 4. Advanced Quantum Mechanics, F. Schwabl, 4th Edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.

5. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: with applications in condensed matter and atomic physics, Paul Strange, Cambridge University Press, 1998. 6. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, W. Greiner, Springer Verlag. Berlin, 2000.

Aim: The main aim of this course is to help the students develop the formalism and interpretation of

125 quantum mechanics. In turn it enables the students apply the advanced concepts of quantum mechanics in various fields to solve physical problems. Objectives: 1. To guide student understand the advanced formalisms and interpretation of quantum mechanics. 2. To enable students apply the formalism of quantum mechanics to real world physical problems. 3. To provide the students deeper knowledge about the foundations of quantum mechanics and skills of problem solution in quantum mechanics.

Course Description: This course covers the advanced concepts f quantum mechanics necessary for the description of physical problems in various fields of natural science. In particular, it reviews the basic concepts of quantum mechanics followed by perturbation theory and scattering theory. The various aspects of Klein Gordon equation and Dirac equation are described in detail.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1

Topics Review of quantum mechanics

L2

Angular momentum and its formalism

L3

Spherical Harmonic Expansion

L4

Rotation in Classical and Quantum Physics

L5

Rotation matrices and the spherical harmonics

L6

Addition of Angular momenta

L7

Analysis of Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

L8

Time-Independent Perturbation theory

L9

Nondegenerate Perturbation theory

L10

Degenerate Perturbation theory

L11

Time-dependent Perturbation theory, the pictures of quantum mechanics

L12

Treatment of time-dependent Perturbation theory

L13

Transition Probability, Transition Probability for a Constant Perturbation

L14

Transition Probability for a Harmonic Perturbation

L15

Adiabatic and Sudden Approximation

L16

Transition rates for absorption and emission of radiation

126 L17

Spontaneous emission, examples

L18

Scattering theory, scattering and cross section

L19

Scattering amplitude of spinless particles

L20

Scattering amplitude and different cross section

L21 L22

Green function in scattering theory Analysis of Born Approximation

L23

Partial Wave Analysis

L24

Partial Wave Analysis for Inelastic Scattering

L25

Introduction and analysis of Klein Gordon equation

L26

Solutions of Klein Gordon equation

L27

Interpretation of Solutions to Klein Gordon equation

L28 L29

Implications of Klein Gordon equation Relativistic quantum mechanics of spin ½ particles

L30 L31

probability conservation in relativistic quantum mechanics The Dirac equation, simple solutions

L32 L33 L34

Non relativistic approximations, plane waves Relativistic covariance, bilinear covariants The Dirac operators in the Heisenberg representation

L35 L36

Zitterbewegung and negative-energy solutions Hole theory and charge conjugation

L37

Quantization of the Dirac field

L38

Covariant perturbation theory

L39

S-matrix expansion in the interaction representation

L40 L41

First-order processes, Mott scattering and hyperon decay Two-photon annihilation and Compton scattering

L42 L43

Two-photon annihilation and Compton scattering The electron propagator, Mass and charge renormalization radioactive corrections Greens functions and field theory (fermions), pictures, Green’s functions Wicks’s theorem, diagrammatic analysis of perturbation theory

L44 L45

127

59. Advanced Computational Physics Course code:

PHY562

Course Title:

Advanced Computational Physics

(TCH LCH CrH) (3 0 3) Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

None I. II. III. IV. V.

VI.

Computational Methods for Physics; Joel Franklin Cambridge University Press (2013). Numerical Methods for Physics; Alejandro L. Garcia second edition, Prentice Hall (2000). Computation in Modern Physics; William Gibbs World Scientific (2006), third edition. Theory of computation; Walter S Brainerd McGraw Hill 1998. Equations, models and Programs A Mathematical Introduction to computer science; Thomas J. Myres McGraw Hill 1999. Mathematical Programming Optimization Models; MikWismewski, Ton Additson Wisley 1999.

Course Description: This hands-on course provides an introduction to computational methods in solving problems in physics. It teaches programming tactics, numerical methods and their implementation, together with methods of linear algebra. These computational methods are applied to problems in physics, including the modelling of classical physical systems to quantum systems, as well as to data analysis such as linear and nonlinear fits to data sets. Applications of high performance computing are included where possible, such as an introduction to parallel computing and also to visualization techniques. Finite difference, Interpolation formulae, difference quotients, finite differences in two dimensions, sample applications. Linear Algebra ,Exact methods , iterative methods, eigen values and eigen vectors , sample applications, stochastic, Equidistributed random variants, other distributions, random sequences, Ordinary differential equations, initial value problems of second order, boundary values problems, partial differential equations,

128

initial value problems( hyperbolic), initial value problems(parabolic), boundary value problems, elliptic differential equation, Discrete Fourier transform, Fast Fourier transform, Hough transform. Simulation and statistical mechanics ; Model systems of statistical mechanics, Monte Carlo method, molecular dynamics simulation, evaluation of simulation experiments , particles and field , stochastic dynamics, Quantum Mechanical simulation; The diffusion Monte Carlo, path integral Monte Carlo, wave packet dynamics, density functional molecular dynamics, Hydrodynamics, modeling equations in aerodynamics, Some computational example, Simulation of phonon dispersion curves and density of states, electron energy bands in a one-dimensional periodic potential, computer simulation of hot electron behavior in semiconductors, computational study of diffraction by microcrystalline and amorphous bodies. Computer assisted tutorial in perturbation theory, spherical Bessel functions Legendary function Spherical Harmonics Annular Momentum Ladder Operators Legend ere/ function of the second kind, special functions Hermit functions Laguerre functions, Fourier series Applications of Fourier series, Gibbs Phenomenon Discrete Orthogonality and Discrete Fourier Transform Convolution. Theorem Lap lace Transform of derivatives Integral Equations, Greens Function one Dimension Two and three Dimensions Calculus of variations Applications of Euler equation Lagrange Multipliers Rayleigh-Rits Variation Techniques.       

Objectives: The specific objectives of the course are: To teach through direct experience the use of high performance computers in thinking creatively and solving problems in physical science. To advance the development and organization of thinking about physical systems in a manner compatible with advanced computational analysis. To visualize numerical solutions in highly interpretable forms. To instill attitudes of independence, personal communication, and organization, all of which are essential for mastery of complex systems. To understand physical systems at a level often encountered only in a research environment. To use programming to deepen the understanding of physical systems.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8

Topic Finite difference, Interpolation formulae, Difference quotients, Finite differences in two dimensions, Sample applications. Linear Algebra , Exact methods, Iterative methods,

129

L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Eigen values and eigen vectors , Sample applications, stochastic , Equidistributed random variants, other distributions , Random sequences, Ordinary differential equations, Initial value problems of second order, Boundary values problems, Partial differential equations, Initial value problems( hyperbolic), Initial value problems(parabolic), Boundary value problems, Elliptic differential equation, Discrete Fourier transform, Fast Fourier transform, Hough transform, Simulation and statistical mechanics, Model systems of statistical mechanics, Monte Carlo method, Molecular dynamics simulation, Evaluation of simulation experiments , Particles and field, Stochastic dynamics, Quantum Mechanical simulation; The diffusion Monte Carlo, Path integral Monte Carlo, Wave packet dynamics, Density functional molecular dynamics, Hydrodynamics, Modelling equations in aerodynamics, Some computational example , Simulation of phonon dispersion curves and density of states, Electron energy bands in a one-dimensional periodic potential, Computer simulation of hot electron behaviour in semiconductors, Computational study of diffraction by microcrystalline and amorphous bodies, Computer assisted tutorial in perturbation theory, Spherical Bessel functions Legendary function

130

60. Advance Atomic and Molecular Physics Course code.

PHY551

Course Title:

Advance Atomic and Molecular Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

None

Recommended Texts:

I. II. III.

Quantum theory of atomic structure, Vol 1 ; J.C. Slater , Mc-Graw Hill Book New York 1988. Spectra of diatomic molecules; C. Herzberg, 2nd edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. London 1987. Atomic Physics; J.B Rajam S. Chand & Company 2000.

Course Description: Course Objectives: On completion of the course,the student shall have advanced knowledge of modern atomic and molecular physics including quantum mechanical computational techniques in order to 

Master both experimental and theoretical working methods in atomic and molecular physics for making correct evaluations and judgments



Carry out experimental and theoretical studies on atoms and molecules, with focus on the structure and dynamics of atoms and molecules



Account for theoretical models, terminology and working methods used in atomic and molecular physics



Handle relevant experimental equipment and evaluate the experimental results obtained

Historical developments in atomic spectra, Classification of series in Hydrogen, Alkali metals and periodic table. The vector model of the atom, multiplets in complex spectra, The Russell Saunders coupling scheme, Lande theory of multiplet separation and the Zeeman effect. General theory of multiple structure. Elementary theory of multiplets,

131

Matrix components of the Hamiltonian for the central field problem. Energy values for simple multiplets, Closed shells and average energies, the average energy of a configuration. Formulation of multiplet calculations in terms of average energy. Rotation and vibration of diatomic molecules, The rigid rotator, The harmonic oscillator, The Raman spectrum of the rigid rotator and the harmonic oscillator. An harmonic oscillator, The symmetric top, Thermal distribution of quantum states, symmetry properties of the rotational level, The electronic states and electronic transitions, electronic energy and total energy. Vibrational structure of electronic transitions, rotational structure of electronic bands. Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27

Topic Introduction to the course Historical developments in atomic spectra Classification of series in Hydrogen Alkali metals and periodic table The vector model of the atom multiplets in complex spectra the Russell Saunders coupling scheme Landes theory of multiplet separation and the Zeema effect General theory of multiple structure. Elementary theory of multiplets Matrix components of the Hamiltonion for the central field problem Energy values for simple multiplets Closed shells and average energies the average energy of a configuration Formulation of multiplet calculations in terms of average energy Rotation and vibration of diatomic molecules The rigid rotator the harmonic oscillator the Raman spectrum of the rigid rotator and the harmonic oscillator An harmonic oscillator the symmetric top Thermal distribution of quantum states symmetry properties of the rotational level The electronic states and electronic transitions electronic energy and total energy Vibrational structure of electronic transitions rotational structure of electronic bands

132

61. Theory of Atomic Collisions Course code.

PHY552

Course Title:

Theory of Atomic Collisions

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

I. II. III.

Physics of atomic collisions; J.B. Hasted, Butter worths London 1984. Atomic and molecular collisions; H.S.W. Massey, Taylor and Francis, London, 1979. Theory of Atomic collision; mott N F and Massey, Oxford press 1989.

Course Description: Course Objectives: Collisions, Populations, Energy Distribution, Theoretical Background-Classical and Quantum, The Experimental Methods Employed in collision Physics, The Elastic Scattering of Electrons in Gases, Excitation of Atoms and Molecules by Electrons , ionization by Electrons, Positive Ion recombination, Electron Attachment and Detachment , photon Emission and Absorption, elastic Collisions between Atomic Particles, Ionization and Excitation by Atomic Particles, Charge transfer processes, Collisions of Excited Atoms and Molecules, Ion-Atom Interchange. Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10

Topic Introduction to the course Collisions Populations Energy Distribution Theoretical Background-Classical and Quantum The Experimental Methods Employed in collision Physics, The Elastic Scattering of Electrons in Gases Excitation of Atoms and Molecules by Electrons ionization by Electrons Positive Ion recombination

133

L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17

Electron Attachment and Detachment photon Emission and Absorption elastic Collisions between Atomic Particles Ionization and Excitation by Atomic Particles Charge transfer processes Collisions of Excited Atoms and Molecules Ion-Atom Interchange

62. Experimental Techniques in Atomic Collisions Course code.

PHY693

Course Title:

Experimental Techniques in Atomic Collisions

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

I. II. III.

Physics of atomic collisions; J.B. Hasted, Butter Worths London 1984. Atomic and molecular collisions; Mott N.F and Massey, Taylor and Francis, London, 1979. Theory of Atomic collisions; Mott N.F and Massy,Oxford press 1989.

Course Description: Course Objectives: The experimental methods employed in collision physics, Sources of atomic and molecular beams, Sources of atomic hydrogen and similar beams. Source of electron and source of photons in visible and Ultraviolet. Sources of ions, sources of excited atoms and molecules. Velocity selection of atomic and molecular beams, velocity selection of electrons. Detection and wavelength measurements of photons. Velocity and mass selection of ions, Detection and counting of and fast nuterals. Detection of atomic and molecular beams, Detection of metastable atoms and molecules, some relevant vacuum problems, The use of quadropole fields, Experimental methods of charge transfer measurements, ion atom interchange, Mass spectrometer source experiments, Ion atom interchange experiments at thermal energies. Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7

Topic Introduction to the course The experimental methods employed in collision physics Sources of atomic and molecular beams Sources of atomic hydrogen and similar beams Source of electron and source of photons in visible and Ultraviolet Sources of ions Sources of excited atoms and molecules

134

L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20

Velocity selection of atomic and molecular beams Velocity selection of electrons Detection and wavelength measurements of photons Velocity and mass selection of ions Detection and counting of and fast nuterals Detection of atomic and molecular beams Detection of metastable atoms and molecules Some relevant vacuum problems The use of quadropole fields Experimental methods of charge transfer measurements Ion atom interchange Mass spectrometer source experiments Ion atom interchange experiments at thermal energies

63. Signal Processing Course code.

PHY625

Course Title:

Signal Processing

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

None

Recommended Texts:

I.

Digital Signal Processing. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006. II. Digital Signal Processing: System Analysis and Design by Paulo S.R. Dinz 2002. III. Advanced Digital Signal Processing, John G Proakis Maxwell Macchmillan International 1999. Course Description: This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive treatment of the important issues in design, implementation and applications of digital signal processing concepts and algorithms. The focus of this course is to introduce you to the fundamental concepts of and techniques used in both analogue and digital signal processing (ASP and DSP) which are areas of interest if you are studying any program relating to electronic, communication and/or computer engineering. Course Objectives: This course contributes in the areas:  This course provides an introduction to digital signal processing.  In this course, a detailed examination of basic digital signal processing operations including sampling/reconstruction of continuous time signals, Fourier and Ztransforms will be given.  The Fourier and Z-transforms will be used to analyze the stability of systems and to find the system transfer function.  The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) will be studied.

135



We will examine time and frequency domain techniques for designing and applying infinite impulse response (IIR) and finite impulse response digital (FIR) filters.  The software MATLAB will be integrated into this course and software simulations of common systems will be implemented in MATLAB. Characterization of signals, Characterization of Linear Time Invariant system. Sampling of signals in time and frequency , Algorithm for Convolution and DFT, Multirate Digital signals , Applications of Multirate signals processing , Linear Prediction and Optimum Linear Filters, Least Squares Methods for system modeling and Filter Design, Adaptive Filters, Recursive least Squares Algorithms for Array Signal Processing ,Power Spectrum Estimation , Signal Analysis with Higher Order Spectra. Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16

Topic Introduction to the course Characterization of signals Characterization of Linear Time Invariant system Sampling of signals in time and frequency Algorithm for Convolution and DFT Multirate Digital signals Applications of Multirate signals processing Linear Prediction and Optimum Linear Filters Least Squares Methods for system modelling and Filter Design Adaptive Filters Recursive least Squares Algorithms for Array Signal Processing Power Spectrum Estimation Signal Analysis with Higher Order Spectra The Fourier series and transform Periodic input functions — the Fourier series Aperiodic input functions — the Fourier transform Review of development of Fourier transform and relationship between the frequency response and the impulse response.

L17

The one-sided Laplace transform. The transfer function

L18

Poles and zeros of the transfer function, Frequency response and the pole-zero plot Poles and zeros of filter classes, Low-pass filter design Second-order filter sections, Transformation of low-pass filters to other classes Introduction to discrete-time signal processing, The sampling Theory The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) The fast Fourier transform (FFT) Introduction to time-domain digital signal processing

L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24

136

L25 L26 L27 L28 L29

L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40

The discrete-time convolution sum. The z-transform The discrete-time transfer function, The transfer function and the difference equation Introduction to z-plane stability criteria, The Inverse z-Transform Frequency response and poles and zeros, FIR low-pass filter design FIR low-pass filter design by windowing, Window FIR filters or other filter types, The zeros of a linear phase FIR filter Frequency-sampling filters, FIR filter design using optimization FFT convolution for FIR filters The design of IIR filters Direct-form filter structures, Transversal FIR structure IIR direct form structures, Transposed direct forms Interpolation and decimation, Introduction to random signals The correlation functions Linear system input/output relationships with random inputs Discrete-time correlation Non-parametric power spectral density estimation Least-squares filter design Adaptive filtering

64. Digital Image Processing Course code.

PHY661

Course Title:

Digital Image Processing

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

Signal Processing PHY625,

Recommended Texts:

I.

Principles of Digital Image Processing: Advanced Method by Wilhelm Burger 2012 II. Digital Image Processing; Ganzalez, R.C Wintz AddisonWesley 1977. III. Digital Image Processing; William K Pratt John Willey and Sons 1978. Course Description: To learn and understand the fundamentals of digital image processing, and various image transforms, Image enhancement techniques, Image restoration techniques

137

and methods, Image compression and segmentation used in digital image processing. Course Objectives: To understand and gain complete knowledge about:  The fundamentals of digital image processing  Image transform used in digital image processing  Image enhancement techniques used in digital image processing  Image restoration techniques and methods used in digital image processing  Image compression and Segmentation used in digital image processing Continuous image characterization, Mathematical characterization of continuous image, Psychophysical properties of Vision, Photometry and colorimetry, digital image characterization, image sampling and reconstruction, Mathematical characterization of Discrete image, Image Quantization, Sampled image 44 Quality Measure, Discrete Two-Dimensional Linear Processing, Linear Operators, Superposition Operator, Two Dimensional Unitary Transformations, Two-dimensional Linear Processing Techniques. Image Enhancement and Restoration, Image Enhancement, Image Restoration Models, Algebraic Spatial Image Restoration Techniques, Specialized Spatial Image restoration Techniques, Luminance, Color and Spectral Image Restoration , Image Analysis, Image Feature Extraction, Symbolic Image Description, Image Detection and Registration, Image Understanding Systems, Image Coding, Analog Processing Image Coding, Digital Point Processing Image Coding, Digital Spatial Processing Image Coding, Image coding performance analysis. Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20

Topic Introduction to the course Continuous image characterization Mathematical characterization of continuous image Psychophysical properties of Vision Photometry and colorimetry Digital image characterization Image sampling and reconstruction Mathematical characterization of Discrete image Image Quantization Sampled image 44 Quality Measure Discrete Two-Dimensional Linear Processing Linear Operators Superposition Operator Two Dimensional Unitary Transformations Two-dimensional Linear Processing Techniques Image Enhancement and Restoration Image Enhancement Image Restoration Models Algebraic Spatial Image Restoration Techniques

138

L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33

Specialized Spatial Image restoration Techniques Luminance Color and Spectral Image Restoration Image Analysis Image Feature Extraction Symbolic Image Description Image Detection and Registration Image Understanding Systems Image Coding Analog Processing Image Coding Digital Point Processing Image Coding Digital Spatial Processing Image Coding Image Coding Performance Analysis

65. Theory of Atomic Collisions and Spectroscopy Module 0: Introductory Lecture Lecture 01 - Introduction to the statics Course Module 1: Quantum Collisions Lecture 02 - Quantum Theory of Collisions Lecture 03 - Quantum Theory of Collisions: Optical Theorem Lecture 04 - Quantum Theory of Collisions: Optical Theorem Lecture 05 - Quantum Theory of Collisions: Differential Scattering Cross Section Lecture 06 - Quantum Theory of Collisions: Differential Scattering Cross Section, Partial Wave Analysis Lecture 07 - Quantum Theory of Collisions: Optical Theorem - Unitarity of the Scattering Operator Lecture 08 - Quantum Theory of Collisions: Reciprocity Theorem, Phase Shift Analysis Lecture 09 - Quantum Theory of Collisions: More on Phase Shift Analysis Lecture 10 - Quantum Theory of Collisions: Resonant Condition in the 1th Partial Wave Lecture 11 - Quantum Theory of Collisions: Levinson's Theorem Lecture 12 - Quantum Theory of Collisions: Levinson's Theorem Module 2: Second Quantization Lecture 13 - Many Body Theory, Electron Correlations Lecture 14 - Second Quantization Creation, Destruction and Number Operators Lecture 15 - Many-particle Hamiltonian and Schrodinger Equation in 2nd Quantization Formalism Module 3: Electron Gas in the Hartree-Fock and the Random Phase Approximation Lecture 16 - Many-electron Problem in Quantum Mechanics Lecture 17 - Hartree-Fock Self-Consistent-Field Lecture 18 - Exchange, Statistical, Fermi-Dirac Correlations Lecture 19 - Limitations of the Hartree-Fock Self-Consistent-Field Formalism Lecture 20 - Many-Body Formalism, Second Quantization Lecture 21 - Density Fluctuations in an Electron Gas

139

Lecture 22 - Bohm-Pines Approach to Random Phase Approximation Lecture 23 - Bohm-Pines Approach to Random Phase Approximation Lecture 24 - Bohm-Pines Approach to Random Phase Approximation Module 4: Feynman Diagrammatic Methods Lecture 25 - Schrodinger, Heisenberg and Dirac Pictures of QM Lecture 26 - Dyson's Chronological Operator Lecture 27 - Gell-Mann-Low Theorem Lecture 28 - Rayleigh-Schrodinger Perturbation Methods and Adiabatic Switching Lecture 29 - Feynman Diagrams Lecture 30 - First Order Feynman Diagrams Lecture 31 - Some More on First Order Feynman Diagrams Lecture 32 - Second and Higher Order Feynman Diagrams Module 5: More on Quantum Collisions Lecture 33 - Lippman Schwinger Equation of Potential Scattering Lecture 34 - Born Approximation Lecture 35 - Coulomb Scattering Module 6: Resonances in Quantum Scattering Lecture 36 - Scattering of Partial Waves Lecture 37 - Scattering at High Energy Lecture 38 - Resonances in Quantum Collisions Lecture 39 - Breit-Wigner Resonances Module 7: Fano Analysis of Resonances Lecture 40 - Fano Parameterization of Breit-Wigner Formula Lecture 41 - Discrete State Embedded in the Continuum Lecture 42 - Resonance Life Times Lecture 43 - Wigner-Eisenbud Formalism of Time-Delay in Scattering Module 8: Guest Lectures by Professor S.T. Manson Lecture 44 - Photoionization and Photoelectron Angular Distributions Lecture 45 - Ionization and Excitation of Atoms by Fast Charged Particles Lecture 46 - Photo-absorption by Free and Confined Atoms and Ions: Recent Developments

66. Advance Solid State Physics

Course code:

PHY541

Course Title:

Advance Solid State Physics

140

(TCH LCH CrH) (3 0 3) Pre-requisite:

None

Recommended Texts:

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittle, 7th edition 1996, John Wiley. 2. Magnetism: From Fundamentals to Nanoscale Dynamics, J. Stöhr and H.C. Siegmann , Springer Series in solid-state sciences, SpringerVerlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006

Course Description: This course covers fundamentals of solid state physics, where crystal structure with X-Ray and electron diffraction as well as electron theory as the basics of materials science will be reviewed. The course teaches the electronic band theory from the basics which describes the electronic states of solids. The "nearly free-electron model" and the "tight-binding approximation" will be introduced as the simplest and most valuable models in the band theory. Magnetism being the speciality of the instructor will be mainly discussed particularly the fundamental phenomena of magnetism and the static magnet properties of nanoscale structures especially single crystalline ultra thin films will be discussed alongside the techniques used to study these structures. A review on: Course of Solid State Physics-I and Solid State Physics-II Electric Fields, Currents, and Magnetic Fields, Magnetic and Electric Fields inside Materials, The Relation of the Three Magnetic Vectors in Magnetic Materials, Stray and Demagnetizing Fields of Thin Films, Applications of Stray and Demagnetizing Fields, Symmetry Properties of Electric and Magnetic Fields, Parity, Time Reversal, Magnetic Moments and their Interactions with Magnetic Fields, The Classical Definition of the Magnetic Moment, From Classical to Quantum Mechanical Magnetic Moments, The Bohr Magneton, Spin and Orbital Magnetic Moments, Magnetic Dipole Moments in an External Magnetic Field, The Energy of a Magnetic Dipole in a Magnetic Field, The Force on a Magnetic Dipole in an Inhomogeneous Field, The Stern–Gerlach Experiment, The Mott Detector, Magnetic Force Microscopy, The Torque on a Magnetic Moment in a Magnetic Field, Precession of Moments, Damping of the Precession, Magnetic Resonance, Time–Energy Correlation, The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Classical Spin Precession, Quantum Mechanical Spin Precession, precessional frequency of a magnetic moment in external mag. Field & ferromagnetic resonance, exchange, spin-orbit, and Zeeman interactions, atomic paramagnetism, molecular field theory for spontaneous magnetization in ferromagnets,

Langavin function, the Stoner-Wohlfarth model,

magnetic anisotropy,

magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropy, The magnetic microstructures: magnetic domains &

141

domain walls (DW) and their types, Ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) chamber, preparation of ultrathin magnetic films in UHV chamber, Ino Sputtering, Annealing, Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED), and LEED-IV, Medium Energy Electron Diffration (MEED), X-rays and magnetism: X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism (XMLD), X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD), Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE), How to read data from hard disk drive, Exchange Bias (EB) effect (unidirectional anisotropy): Discovery of EB, some important parameters about EB effect, illusive nature of EB, intuitive picture and Meiklijohn& Bean model, Mauri inplane DW model, Molozemoff perpendicular DW model, antiferromagnetic (AFM) DW model, do AFM domains really exist?, AFM spin orientation at interface & EB effect, new development about the origin of EB Objectives: At the end of this course the students will be able to: 1. Discuss modern condensed-matter physics theories and apply these tools to the analysis of the electronic properties of real materials with a particular focus on magnetic systems. 2. Describe modern experimental techniques used in condensed-matter physics with an emphasis on structural, spectroscopic and magnetic techniques. 3. Discuss, criticise and relate modern scientific literature on condensed-matter physics.

Lecture-Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1

Topics Course of Solid State Physics-I – a review

L2

Course of Solid State Physics-I – a review

L3

Course of Solid State Physics-I – a review

L4

Course of Solid State Physics-I – a review

L5

Course of Solid State Physics-I – a review

L6

Course of Solid State Physics-I – a review

L7

Course of Solid State Physics-II – a review

L8

Course of Solid State Physics-II – a review

L9

Course of Solid State Physics-II – a review

L10

Course of Solid State Physics-II – a review

L11

Course of Solid State Physics-II – a review

142

L12

Course of Solid State Physics-II – a review

L13

Magnetism – An Introduction: Fields and Moments: Electric Fields, Currents, and Magnetic Fields, Magnetic and Electric Fields inside Materials

L14

The Relation of the Three Magnetic Vectors in Magnetic Materials, Stray and Demagnetizing Fields of Thin Films

L15

Applications of Stray and Demagnetizing Fields, Symmetry Properties of Electric and Magnetic Fields, Parity, Time Reversal

L16

Magnetic Moments and their Interactions with Magnetic Fields

L17

The Classical Definition of the Magnetic Moment, From Classical to Quantum Mechanical Magnetic Moments

L18

The Bohr Magneton, Spin and Orbital Magnetic Moments

L19

Magnetic Dipole Moments in an External Magnetic Field,

L20

The Energy of a Magnetic Dipole in a Magnetic Field, The Force on a Magnetic Dipole in an Inhomogeneous Field

L21

The Stern–Gerlach Experiment, The Mott Detector, Magnetic Force Microscopy

L22

The Torque on a Magnetic Moment in a Magnetic Field, Precession of Moments

L23

Damping of the Precession, Magnetic Resonance, Time–Energy Correlation

L24

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Classical Spin Precession, Quantum Mechanical

L25 L26

Spin Precession, precessional frequency of a magnetic moment in external mag. Field & ferromagnetic resonance

L27

exchange, spin-orbit, and Zeeman interactions

L28

atomic paramagnetism

L29

molecular field theory for spontaneous magnetization in ferromagnets

L30

Langavin function, the Stoner-Wohlfarth model

L31

magnetic anisotropy, magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropy

143

L32

The magnetic microstructures: magnetic domains & domain walls (DW) and their types

L33

Ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) chamber, preparation of ultra-thin magnetic films in UHV chamber

L34

Ino Sputtering, Annealing

L35

Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)

L36

Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED), and LEED-IV

L37

Medium Energy Electron Diffration (MEED)

L38

X-rays and magnetism: X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism (XMLD), Xray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD)

L39

Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE)

L40

How to read data from hard disk drive

L41

L43

Exchange Bias (EB) effect (unidirectional anisotropy): Discovery of EB, some important parameters about EB effect, illusive nature of EB intuitive picture and Meiklijohn& Bean model, Mauri inplane DW model, Molozemoff perpendicular DW model antiferromagnetic (AFM) DW model, do AFM domains really exist?

L44

AFM spin orientation at interface & EB effect

L45

New developments about the origin of EB

L42

67. Advance Nanotechnology and Nano Materials

Course No.

PHY549 (3-0-3)

Course Title:

Advance Nanotechnology and Nano Materials

(TCH LCH CrH) Pre-requisite:

(3 0 3)

Recommended Texts:

1. Nanoscience Nanotechnologies and Nanophysics, C. Dupas P. Houdy M. Lahmani (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 2007. 2. Introduction to Nanoscience, S. N. Lindsay, Oxford University Press, 2008 3. Nanoscale Science and Technology, Eds. R. W. Kelsall, I. W.

144

Hamley and M. Geoghegan, John Wiley & Sons (2005) 4. Edward L. Wolf, Nanophysics and nanotechnology: An Introduction to Modern Concepts in Nanoscience, WileyVCH (2006) 5. Ch. Poole Jr., F. J. Owens, Introduction to nanotechnology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003. 6. Marius Grundmann, The Physics of Semiconductors-An Introduction including Devices and nanophysics, SpringerVerlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 2006. Course Description: To use a pedagogical approach in order to provide a grounding in all the major theoretical and experimental aspects of this new generation of science ‘Nano Physics and Technology’ for students preparing for a Masters or a PhD degree. Objectives: The main objectives of this course are to let the students think to answer the following questions: • How does one make a nanometer sized object? • How do the magnetic, optical and electrical properties of this nanoscale object change with size? • How do charges behave in nanoscale objects? • How does charge transport occur in these materials? • Do these nanoscale materials posess new and previously undiscovered properties? • How are they useful? • The student shall learn how basic physics can be used to describe and understand the behavior of electrons in nano-scale materials. • The course will hopefully motivate for further theoretical and experimental studies of electron transport in nano-scale materials. Introduction to nanophysics and nanotechnology, What is nanoscience?, There’s plenty of rooms at the bottom- A lecture by Feynman on nano structures in 1957, Why Physics is different for small systems?, quantum nature of nanoworld, Microscopy and manipulation tools, Making nanostructures: top-down, Making nanostructures: bottom-up, Electrons in nanostructures, Molecular electronics, Nanostructured materials, Nanobiology, Microscscaling laws and limits to smallness, nano fabrication, nanoscopy, Properties and application of semiconductor nanostructures, fabrication of semiconductor nanowires and quantum dots, electronic and optical properties, optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures, carbon nanostructures, nanomagnets, Growth of Organised Nano-Objects on Prepatterned Surfaces, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscop, Clusters and Colloids, Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes, Nanowire, Nano-Object, Ultimate Electronics, Molecular Electronics, Nanomagnetism and Spin Electronics, Information Storag, Optronics, Nanophotonics for Biology, Numerical Simulation, Computer Architectures for Nanotechnology: Towards Nanocomputing.

145

Lecture-Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1

Topics Introduction to nanophysics and nanotechnology

L2

What is nanoscience?

L3 L4 L5

There’s plenty of rooms at the bottom- A lecture by Feynman on nano structures in 1957, Why Physics is different for small systems? Quantum nature of nanoworld, Microscopy and manipulation tools Making nanostructures: top-down

L6

Making nanostructures: bottom-up

L7

Electrons in nanostructures

L8

Molecular electronics

L9

Nanostructured materials

L10

Nanobiology

L11

Microscscaling laws and limits to smallness

L12

Nano fabrication

L13

Nanoscopy

L14

Properties and application of semiconductor nanostructures

L15

Fabrication of semiconductor nanowires and quantum dots

L16

Electronic and optical properties

L17

Optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures

L18

Carbon nanostructures

L19

Nanomagnets and nanomagnetism

L20 L21

Paramagnetism Langevin theory of Paramagnetism

L22

Ferro-magnetism

L23

Weiss theory of Ferromagnetism (Spontaneous magnetization)

146

L24

Magnetic Domains, Types of magnetic domains

L25

Magnetic relaxation and resonance phenomena

L26

Growth of Organised Nano-Objects on Prepatterned Surfaces

L27

Clusters and Colloids

L28

Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes

L29 L30

Nanowire Nano-Object

L31

Ultimate Electronics

L32

Molecular Electronics

L33

Nanomagnetism and Spin Electronics

L34

Information Storag

L35 L36

Optronics Nanophotonics for Biology

L37

Numerical Simulation

L38

Computer Architectures for Nanotechnology

L39

Towards Nanocomputing

L40

Students’ presentation

L41

Students’ presentation

L42 L43 L44 L45

Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation Students’ presentation

Course code:

PHY

Course Title:

Nanomagnetism

(TCH LCH CrH) (3 0 3) Pre-requisite:

None

147

Recommended Texts:

1. Magnetism: From Fundamentals to Nanoscale Dynamics, J. Stöhr and H.C. Siegmann , Springer Series in solid-state sciences, SpringerVerlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006

Course Description: Magnetism being the speciality of the instructor will be mainly discussed particularly the fundamental phenomena of magnetism and the static magnet properties of nanoscale structures especially single crystalline ultra thin films will be discussed alongside the techniques used to study these structures. Magnetism – An Introduction: Magical yet Practical, History of Magnetism, Neutrons, Polarized Electrons, and X-rays, Spin Polarized Electrons and Magnetism, Polarized X-rays and Magnetism, Fields, Moments, and Magnetism Electric Fields, Currents, and Magnetic Fields, Magnetic and Electric Fields inside Materials, The Relation of the Three Magnetic Vectors in Magnetic Materials, Stray and Demagnetizing Fields of Thin Films, Applications of Stray and Demagnetizing Fields, Symmetry Properties of Electric and Magnetic Fields, Parity, Time Reversal, Magnetic Moments and their Interactions with Magnetic Fields, The Classical Definition of the Magnetic Moment, From Classical to Quantum Mechanical Magnetic Moments, The Bohr Magneton, Spin and Orbital Magnetic Moments, Magnetic Dipole Moments in an External Magnetic Field, The Energy of a Magnetic Dipole in a Magnetic Field, The Force on a Magnetic Dipole in an Inhomogeneous Field, The Stern–Gerlach Experiment, The Mott Detector, Magnetic Force Microscopy, The Torque on a Magnetic Moment in a Magnetic Field, Precession of Moments, Damping of the Precession, Magnetic Resonance, Time–Energy Correlation, The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Classical Spin Precession, Quantum Mechanical Spin Precession Exchange, Spin–Orbit, and Zeeman Interactions: Electronic and Magnetic Interactions in Solids: The Band Model of Ferromagnetism, The Stoner Model, Origin of Band Structure, Density Functional Theory, Ligand Field Theory, Independent-Electron Ligand Field Theory, Multiplet Ligand Field Theory, Why are Oxides often Insulators?, Correlation Effects in Rare Earths and Transition Metal Oxides, Magnetism in Transition Metal Oxides, Superexchange, Double Exchange, Colossal Magnetoresistance, Magnetism of Magnetite, RKKY Exchange, Metallic Multilayers, Spin–Orbit Interaction: Origin of the Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy, Bonding, Orbital Moment, and Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy Polarized Electrons and Magnetism: Interactions of Polarized Photons with Matter: The Orientation-Dependent Intensity: Charge and Magnetic Moment Anisotropies, Concepts of Linear Dichroism, X-ray Natural Linear Dichroism, X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism, Magnetic Dichroism in X-ray Absorption and Scattering, The Resonant Magnetic Scattering Intensity

148

X-rays and Magnetism: Spectroscopy and Microscopy: Overview of Different Types of X-ray Dichroism, Experimental Concepts of X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Experimental Arrangements, Quantitative Analysis of Experimental Absorption Spectra, Some Important Experimental Absorption Spectra, XMCD Spectra of Magnetic Atoms: From Thin Films to Isolated Atoms, Magnetic Imaging with X-rays, X-ray Microscopy Methods, Properties of and Phenomena in the Ferromagnetic Metals The Spontaneous Magnetization, Anisotropy, Domains: The Spontaneous Magnetization, Temperature Dependence of the Magnetization in the Molecular Field Approximation, Curie Temperature in the Weiss–Heisenberg Model, Curie Temperature in the Stoner Model, The Meaning of “Exchange” in the Weiss–Heisenberg and Stoner Models, Thermal Excitations: Spin Waves, Critical Fluctuations, The Magnetic Anisotropy, The Shape Anisotropy, The Magneto-Crystalline Anisotropy, The Discovery of the Surface Induced Magnetic Anisotropy, The Magnetic Microstructure: Magnetic Domains and Domain Walls, Ferromagnetic Domains, Antiferromagnetic Domains, Magnetization Curves and Hysteresis Loops, Magnetism in Small Particles, N´eel and Stoner–Wohlfarth Models, Thermal Stability Surfaces and Interfaces of Ferromagnetic Metals: Spin-Polarized Electron Emission from Ferromagnetic Metals, Electron Emission into Vacuum, Spin-Polarized Electron Tunneling between Solids, Spin-Polarized Electron Tunneling Microscopy, Reflection of Electrons from a Ferromagnetic Surface, Simple Reflection Experiments, The Complete Reflection Experiment, Static Magnetic Coupling at Interfaces, Magnetostatic Coupling, Direct Coupling between Magnetic Layers, Exchange Bias, Induced Magnetism in Paramagnets and Diamagnets, Coupling of Two Ferromagnets across a Nonmagnetic Spacer Layer Electron and Spin Transport: Currents Across Interfaces Between a Ferromagnet and a Nonmagnet, The Spin Accumulation Voltage in a Transparent Metallic Contact, The Diffusion Equation for the Spins, Spin Equilibration Processes, Distances and Times, Giant Magneto-Resistance (GMR), Measurement of Spin Diffusion Lengths in Nonmagnets, Typical Values for the Spin Accumulation Voltage, Boundary Resistance and GMR Effect, The Important Role of Interfaces in GMR, Spin-Injection into a Ferromagnet Ultrafast Magnetization Dynamics, Energy and Angular Momentum Exchange between Physical Reservoirs Exchange Interaction and Exchange Bias (EB) effect (unidirectional anisotropy): Discovery of EB, some important parameters about EB effect, illusive nature of EB, intuitive picture and Meiklijohn& Bean model, Mauri inplane DW model, Molozemoff perpendicular DW model, antiferromagnetic (AFM) DW model, do AFM domains really exist?, AFM spin orientation at interface & EB effect, new development about the origin of EB, Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE)

149

Objectives:   



The main objective of this course is to review the fundamental physical concepts and their use in a coherent fashion to explain some of the forefront problems and applications today. Besides covering the classical concepts of magnetism the course gives a thorough review of the quantum aspects of magnetism, starting with the discovery of the spin in the 1920s. This covers the exciting developments in magnetism research and technology spawned by the computer revolution in the late 1950s and the more recent paradigm shift starting around 1990 associated with spin-based electronics or “spintronics” which was largely triggered by the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance or GMR effect around 1988. It utilizes the electron spin to sense, carry or manipulate information and has thus moved the quantum mechanical concept of the electron spin from its discovery in the 1920s to a cornerstone of modern technology.

Lecture Number L1

L2 L3

L4

Topic Magnetism – An Introduction: Magical yet Practical, History of Magnetism, Neutrons, Polarized Electrons X-rays, Spin Polarized Electrons and Magnetism, Polarized X-rays and Magnetism Fields and Moments: Electric Fields, Currents, and Magnetic Fields, Magnetic and Electric Fields inside Materials, The Relation of the Three Magnetic Vectors in Magnetic Materials, Stray and Demagnetizing Fields of Thin Films Applications of Stray and Demagnetizing Fields, Symmetry Properties of Electric and Magnetic Fields, Parity, Time Reversal, Magnetic Moments and their Interactions with Magnetic Fields

L5

The Classical Definition of the Magnetic Moment, From Classical to Quantum Mechanical Magnetic Moments

L6

The Bohr Magneton, Spin and Orbital Magnetic Moments

L7

Magnetic Dipole Moments in an External Magnetic Field, The Energy of a Magnetic Dipole in a Magnetic Field, The Force on a Magnetic Dipole in an Inhomogeneous Field The Stern–Gerlach Experiment, The Mott Detector, Magnetic Force Microscopy The Torque on a Magnetic Moment in a Magnetic Field, Precession of Moments, Damping of the Precession, Magnetic Resonance, Time– Energy Correlation

L8 L9

150

L10

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Classical Spin Precession, Quantum Mechanical Spin Precession

L11

Exchange, Spin–Orbit, and Zeeman Interactions: Electronic and Magnetic Interactions in Solids The Band Model of Ferromagnetism, The Stoner Model, Origin of Band Structure, Density Functional Theory, Ligand Field Theory, IndependentElectron Ligand Field Theory, Multiplet Ligand Field Theory, Why are Oxides often Insulators?Correlation Effects in Rare Earths and Transition Metal Oxides

L12

L13 L14 L15

L16

Magnetism in Transition Metal Oxides, Superexchange, Double Exchange Colossal Magnetoresistance, Magnetism of Magnetite, RKKY Exchange, Metallic Multilayers, Spin–Orbit Interaction Origin of the Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy, Bonding, Orbital Moment, andMagnetocrystallineAnisotropyPolarized Electrons and Magnetism, Interactions of Polarized Photons with Matter

L18

The Orientation-Dependent Intensity: Charge and Magnetic Moment Anisotropies Concepts of Linear Dichroism, X-ray Natural Linear Dichroism, X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism, Magnetic Dichroism in X-ray Absorption and Scattering The Resonant Magnetic Scattering Intensity

L19

X-rays and Magnetism: Spectroscopy and Microscopy

L20

Overview of Different Types of X-ray Dichroism, Experimental Concepts

L17

of X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Experimental Arrangements L21

Quantitative Analysis of Experimental Absorption Spectra

L22 L23

Some Important Experimental Absorption Spectra, XMCD Spectra of Magnetic Atoms: From Thin Films to Isolated Atoms Magnetic Imaging with X-rays, X-ray Microscopy Methods

L24

Properties of and Phenomena in the Ferromagnetic Metals

L25

The Spontaneous Magnetization, Anisotropy, Domains: The Spontaneous Magnetization, Temperature Dependence of the Magnetization in the Molecular Field Approximation

L26

Curie Temperature in the Weiss–Heisenberg Model, Curie Temperature in the Stoner Model, The Meaning of “Exchange” in the Weiss–Heisenberg and Stoner Models, Thermal Excitations: Spin Waves, Critical Fluctuations The Magnetic Anisotropy, The Shape Anisotropy, The MagnetoCrystalline Anisotropy

L27 L28

151

L29

L30

L31

L32

L33

The Discovery of the Surface Induced Magnetic Anisotropy, The Magnetic Microstructure: Magnetic Domains and Domain Walls, Ferromagnetic Domains Antiferromagnetic Domains, Magnetization Curves and Hysteresis Loops, Magnetism in Small Particles, N´eel and Stoner–Wohlfarth Models, Thermal Stability Surfaces and Interfaces of Ferromagnetic Metals: Spin-Polarized Electron Emission from Ferromagnetic Metals, Electron Emission into Vacuum, Spin-Polarized Electron Tunneling between Solids, Static Magnetic Coupling at Interfaces, Magnetostatic Coupling, Direct Coupling between Magnetic Layers, Exchange Bias, Induced Magnetism in Paramagnets and Diamagnets, Coupling of Two Ferromagnets across a Nonmagnetic Spacer Layer Electron and Spin Transport: Currents Across Interfaces Between a Ferromagnet and a Nonmagnet, The Spin Accumulation Voltage in a Transparent Metallic Contact

L34

Giant Magneto-Resistance (GMR), Measurement of Spin Diffusion Lengths in Nonmagnets, Typical Values for the Spin Accumulation Voltage, Boundary Resistance and GMR Effect

L35

The Important Role of Interfaces in GMR, Spin-Injection into a Ferromagnet, Ultrafast Magnetization Dynamics, Energy and Angular Momentum Exchange between Physical Reservoirs

L36

L38 L39

Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) and Exchange Bias (EB) effect (unidirectional anisotropy) Discovery of EB, some important parameters about EB effect, illusive nature of EB Intuitive picture and Meiklijohn& Bean model Mauri inplane DW model

L40

Molozemoff perpendicular DW model

L41

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) DW model

L42

Do AFM domains really exist?

L43

AFM spin orientation at interface & EB effect

L44

Bulk AFM spin contribution to EB

L45

Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE)

L37

152

68. Optical Communication Course code.

Optical Communication

Course Title:

PHY673

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

1. Laser Optics ; Raj Kamal R.L. Sawhney Wiley Eastern Limited New Delhi 1992 2. Applied Nonlinear Optics, ; F.zemike and j.Midwinter Wiley inter science New York 1983 3. Problems of Non Linear Optics : S.A. Akhmanov and R.V. Khokhlov Moscow 1978.

Course Description: Starting from a broad introduction to transmitters and receivers, this course covers optical fibers and waveguides, lasers, detectors, optical amplifiers, edge filters, sodha theory for ray tracing, holography and ray tracing and optical fiber sensors. Course Objectives: 1. To analyze the operation of optical transmitter and receivers 2. Explain the principles of, compare and contrast single- and multi-mode optical fiber characteristics. 3. Analyze and design optical communication and fiber optic sensor systems. 4. Locate, read, and discuss current technical literature dealing with optical fiber systems Lecture-wise distribution 1. Overview of optical fiber communications 2. Optical transmitter components 3. Lasers and optical modulators 4. General digital communication system 5. Line coding and Pulse shaping 6. Signal space representation 7. Optical receivers 8. Photodetectors and its performance characteristics 9. Common types of photodetectors 10. Noise in photodetection 11. Bandpasses for Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems-I 12. Bandpasses for Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems-II 13. Edge filters for the rejection of pump radiation from an Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier-I

153

14. Edge filters for the rejection of pump radiation from an Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier-II 15. Gain equalization coatings for an Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier that function in the transmissive mode 16. Realities in Mirages 17. Identification of distant objects by the use of optical image-I 18. Identification of distant objects by the use of optical image-II 19. Effects of nonhomogenous medium on the images of distant objects viewed through optical telescope 20. Sodha theory of rays tracing in a medium with a refractive index-I 21. Sodha theory of rays tracing in a medium with a refractive index-II 22. Optical ray propagation under arctic mirage conditions 23. Sodha model 24. Dynamic Holography and phase conjugation in photo refractive crystals-I 25. Dynamic Holography and phase conjugation in photo refractive crystals-II 26. Optical fibre sensors-I 27. Optical fibre sensors-II 28. Non Linear dynamic of beams various spatial profiles and polanzations-I 29. Non Linear dynamic of beams various spatial profiles and polanzations-II 30. Non Linear dynamic of beams various spatial profiles and polanzations-III

60.Low Temperature Physics Course code.

PHY631

Course Title:

Low Temperature Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

1. Low temperature physics LT 13 Quantum crystal and Magnetism; K.D Timmerhaus McGraw Hill 1999. 2. Low temperature physics; Robert E. Uhrig Jones Wiley & Sons, New York 1997. 3. Low temperature physics; LP. Birynkov Jones Wiley & Sons, New York 1997.

Course Description: This graduate level course will concentrate on the topics cryogenics, properties of superfluid helium and Bose-Einstein condensates low temperature techniques, thermal properties of materials and thermometry Course objectives 1. To get acquainted with material properties at low temperatures, present-day thermometry, and refrigeration methods and their limitations.

154 2. How to cool samples to low temperatures, determine the temperature, and measure the properties of the sample. Lecture-wise distribution 1. Introduction: What is low temperature physics and why is it important? 2. Knowledge of insulation 3. Handling liquid Nitrogen and liquid Helium gases-I 4. Handling liquid Nitrogen and liquid Helium gases-II 5. Principles of refrigeration and thermometry 6. Dilution refrigerator, Pomeranchuk refrigerator 7. Liquefaction of gases 8. Heat exchangers 9. Practical liquifiers 10. Mechanical coolers 11. Cryoliquids 12. Lowering of temperature by magnetic ordering 13. Quantum Fluids 14. Properties of Helium, both 4 He and 3 He-I 15. Properties of Helium, both 4 He and 3 He-II 16. Super fluidity 17. thermomechanical effects 18. Two fluid model 19. Macroscopic quantum states-I 20. Macroscopic quantum states-II 21. Low Temperature physics in the solid state 22. Phonons & electrons in solids-I 23. Phonons & electrons in solids-II 24. Phonons & electrons in solids-III 25. Specific heat 26. Superconductivity 27. Transport and scattering 28. Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases-I 29. Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases-II 30. Specific cases of phase transformation studies. Course code.

PHY690

Course Title:

Laboratory techniques in Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

1.The Art of Experimental Physics, Daryl W. Preston and Eric R. Dietz (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991)

Course Description: This course will provide an introduction to the methodology of investigating advanced physics in an experimental laboratory. The topics covered will be safety procedures, error analysis, statistical analysis of data, graph plotting and fitting, knowledge of sensors, and presentation of experimental

155 findings in the form of oral, poster and manuscript form Course Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

To get familier with experimental set up and safety precedures Perform advanced error analysis on acquired data Troubleshoot an experimental setup Knowledge of sensors Keep a thorough, annotated lab notebook Present their experimental findings through the three scientific communication means (poster, manuscript, and oral presentation

Lecture-wise distribution 1. Introduction, equipment care and handling, data units, significant figures 2. Experimental planning and evaluation 3. Data tables and results, data consistency 4. Proficiency with general laboratory and measurement techniques 5. Knowledge of physical sensors 6. Signals and noise, noise reduction techniques-I 7. Signals and noise, noise reduction techniques-II 8. Types of Uncertainties 9. The Sources of Uncertainties in Measurement-I 10. The Sources of Uncertainties in Measurement-II 11. Finding the Total Uncertainty in a Measurement When Both Systematic and Random Uncertainties Exist 12. The General Formula for Determining the Absolute Uncertainty in a Function of Several Variables 13. Histograms and Probability Distributions-I 14. Histograms and Probability Distributions-II 15. The Gaussian Distribution 16. Experimental Set up trouble shooting-I 17. Experimental Set up trouble shooting-II 18. Error analysis-I 19. Error analysis-II 20. Signal averaging 21. Graph plotting, Graph fitting 22. Determining the Best Fit Line From Statistical Methods 23. Including Error Bars on a Graph and How to Use Them 24. Vacuum techniques-I 25. Vacuum techniques-II 26. Scientific communication methods (Poster, Manuscript, Oral presentation)-I 27. Scientific communication methods (Poster, Manuscript, Oral presentation)-II 28. Scientific communication methods (Poster, Manuscript, Oral presentation)-II

156

70.Environmental Physics Course code.

PHY680

Course Title:

Environmental Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

1. Principles of Environmental Physics4th Edition, John Monteith Mike Unsworth, 2013 2.Environmental Physics: Sustainable Energy and Climate Change, 3rd Edition, Egbert Boeker, Rienk van Grondelle, 2011

Course Description: This course includes the basic features related to environment on the basis of principles of classical and modern physics. The topics include the interaction of human with environment, Pollution, Global warming, physics of clouds and winds and soil. Course Objectives: 1. Student will aquire basic knowledge within selected environmental topics ( physics of human body, pollution, global warming, winds and clouds, water cycle and soil) 2. Be able to ask critical questions and perform scientifically based evaluations about current important environmental subjects 3. Be able to perform calculations within the selected environmental topics 4. On their own be able to obtain information from external sources needed to answer a given question related to the selected environmental topics

Lecture-wise distribution 1. The human environment 2. Laws of thermodynamics and human body 3. Energy and metabolism 4. Energy transfers: Conduction, conviction 5. Newton’s law of cooling 6. Survival in cold and hot climates 7. Noise pollution 8. Domestic noise and the design of partitions 9. Atmosphere and radiation 10. Structure and composition of the atmosphere 11. Photochemical pollution 12. Ozone hole 13. Terrestrial radiation 14. Greenhouse effect

157 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Greenhouse gases Global warming Water: Hydrosphere Hydrologic cycle Water in the atmosphere Clouds Physics of cloud formation Wind: Measuring wind Physics of wind creation Principle forces acting on air masses Cyclones and anticyclones Global conviction Global wind patterns Physics of ground Soil and hydrological cycle Surface tension and soil, water evaporation, soil temperature

71.Radiation detection and measurement Course code. Course Title: (TCH LCH CrH)

PHY555 Radiation detection and measurement (3 0 3)

Pre-requisite: Recommended Texts:

1. Radiation Detection and Measurement by G. F. Knoll, 4th Edition, John Wiley and sons, 2010 2. Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments by W.R. Leo, Springer-Verlag,1987 3. Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, by Frank Herbert Attix, John Wiley & Sons, 2008

158 4. Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection, 3rd Edition by Turner, James E. Wiley-VCH,2007 5. Measurement and detection of radiation, Nicholas Tsoulfanidis; Sheldon Landsberger, Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2015 Course Description: This course focuses on the various kinds of ionizing radiation, their interaction with matter and detection. Interaction of light and heavy charged particles, neutrons and electromagnetic radiation will be covered in detail. The use of different forms of matter (solid, liquid and gas) as a radiation detector will be discussed. The detection method and underlying physics of gas, scintillation and semiconductor detectors will be described. The use of detectors in medical physics, astrophysics and high energy physics will be explored as an application of radiation detection. Course Objectives: Introduce students to various types of radiations and their sources (natural and manmade) Familiarize the students with the underlying physics of the detectors used to measure highenergy (ionizing) radiations, the electronic systems for counting and measuring high-energy radiations, and the general properties of radiation detection systems. 3. Based on the characteristic properties of high-energy radiations and the mechanism of their interactions with matter, explain the method of radiation detection and derive the resulting properties of radiation detectors and measurement systems. 4. Introduce students to the concept of experimental uncertainty, counting, error propagation, and the analysis of experimental results. 5. Teach students how to make laboratory measurements, the statistics of generated signals in detectors, estimation and use of experimental uncertainties, and record and report laboratory results. 1. 2.

Lecture-wise distribution 1. Units and definitions 2. Radiation sources 3. Interaction of charged particles with matter 4. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter 5. Interaction of neutrons 6. Radiation exposure and dose 7. Counting statistics in interaction process, error prediction 8. Statistical models 9. General properties of radiation detectors 10. Detector model 11. Modes of detector operation 12. Pulse height spectra 13. Energy resolution, decay time 14. Detection efficiency of radiation detector 15. Detector types 16. The ionization process in gases, ionization chambers

159 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Proportional counters Geiger-Muller counters Scintillation detectors principles Organic scintillators Inorganic scintillators Photomultiplier tubes Photodiodes Radiation spectroscopy with scintillators Semiconductor detectors (Elemental and compound semicondutors) Slow neutron detection and spectroscopy Fast neutron detection and spectroscopy Applications of radiation detection in medical physics Applications of radiation detection in high energy physics Applications of radiation detection in astrophysics.

72.Advance Particle Physics Course code

PHY553

Course Title

Advance Particle Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

None

Recommended Texts

1. Introduction to high energy physics; Donald H Perkins Addison-wesley 1982. 2. Elementary particle physics: S. Gasiorowiez jhon wiley and sons new york 1986 3. Introduction to Particle Physics, David J. Griffth, Wily 1987 4. An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics by W. N. Cottingham and D. A. Greenwood, Cambridge University Press, 2007

Course Description: This course is about the advance topic in particle physics. After review of some introductory concepts topics like non-abelian gauge theories, Yang-Mills theories, renormalization group and Feynman calculus in chromodynamics will be covered.

Objectives: 1. Equip students with a working knowledge of the primary concepts and phenomenology of elementary particle physics as embodied in the Standard Model 2. Equip students with skills needed to carry out basic computations of scattering cross sections and decay rates (at tree-level) involving elementary particles and bound states of quarks and gluons

160 3. Enable students to sharpen logical reasoning and problem solving skills by applying basic ideas in particle physics to specific processes 4. Provide students with a framework for understanding current research in particle physics at various frontiers 5. Provide students with an understanding of the motivation for current research at these frontiers including key open questions

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2

Topic Introduction Review of elementary particle dynamics

L3

Feynman calculus

L4

Quantum electrodynamics

L5

The Dirac equation

L6

Solution to the Dirac equation

L7

Bilinear Covariants

L8

Cross sections

L9

Liftimes

L10

The Feynman rules for quantum electrodynamics

L11

Elastic electron and positron scattering

L12

Renormalization schemes

L13

Electrodynamics of quarks and hadrons

L14

Electrodynamics of hadrons

L15

Elastic electron-proton scattering

L16

Inelastic electron-proton scattering

L17

Quantum chromodynamics

L18

Re-normalization group

L19

Non-Abelian gauge theories

L20

Non-Abelian gauge quantization

L21

Anomalies in gauge theories

L22

Feynman Rules for Chromodynamics

L23

The quark-quark Interaction

L24

Asymptotic freedom

161 L25

Weak Nuclear force

L26

Electroweak unification

L27

Gauge theories

L28

Lagrangian formulation of classical particle mechanics

L29

Lagrangians in relativistic Field Theory

L30

Yang-Mills Theory

L31

Spontaneous Symmetry-Breaking

L32

The Higgs Mechanism

L33

Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix

L34 L35 L36

Leptons and their masses Neutrinos and their masses Neutrino oscillations

L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Phenomenology of oscillations Decay of Muon Decay of Neutron Decay of Pion Charged weak interaction Neutral weak interaction Electroweak unification Local Gauge Invariance Electroweak mixing

73.Advance String Theory-I Course code

PHY523

Course Title

Advance String Theory-I

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite

PHY521

Recommended Texts

1.

A first Course in String Theory, Barton Zwiebach, Cambridge University Press 2009 2. String Theory and M-Theory: A Modern Introduction, Katrin Becker, Melanie Becker, John H. Schwarz, Cambridge University Press, 2006 3. String Theory in a Nutshell, Elias Kiritsis, Princeton University Press, 2007 4. String Theory, Joseph Polchinski, Cambridge University Press, 1998

Course Description: This course is a first part of advance course in string theory. After review of introductory concepts concept of D-branes will be introduced. The light cone quantization scheme will be explained. On the way some related topics like Virasoro algebra and GSO projection will also be

162 covered.

Course Objectives:    

To equip students with advance topics in Superstring theory To enable students to do research in this subjects To be able to quantize classical string theory To be able to understand idea of D branes

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23

Topic Introduction to the Course History Short Background Review of basic concepts The relativistic point particle Action for relativistic Point particle Reparametrization invariance of the action Equation of motion Relativistic Strings Area functional for spatial surfaces Analysis of the spectrums Reparametrization invariance of the area The Nambu-Goto string action Equations of motion Boundary conditions D-branes Tension of the stretched string Energy of the stretched string Motion of open string endpoints Symmetries Tensors Types of Tensors Gauge fixing and symmetries of the action

163 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Mode expansion Quantization of Strings Canonical Quantization Open string mode expansion Hamiltoinan tensor Energy-momentum tensor Mass formula for strings Virasoro algebra Physical status Determination of Spacetime dimensions Light come gauge Quantization Mass Shell Condition Analysis of the spectrum Strings with worldsheet supersymmetry Rammond Neveu Schwarz string Boundary conditions Mode expansion Canonical Quantization RNS strings Supervirasoro generators and physical status Light lone quantization of RNS strings Analysis of the spectrum GSO Projection

74. Advance String Theory-II Course code.

PHY624

Course Title:

Advance String Theory-II

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY521

Recommended Texts

1.

A first Course in String Theory, Barton Zwiebach, Cambridge University Press 2009 2. String Theory and M-Theory: A Modern Introduction, Katrin Becker, Melanie Becker, John H. Schwarz, Cambridge University Press, 2006 3. String Theory in a Nutshell, Elias Kiritsis, Princeton University Press, 2007 4. String Theory, Joseph Polchinski, Cambridge University Press, 1998

Course Description: This course is the second part of advance course in string theory. This course covers topics like Superconformal field theory, BRST Quantization, and vertex operators etc. We will also touch upon Calabi–Yau manifolds and compactifications.    

Course Objectives: To equip students with advance topics in Superstring theory To enable students to do research in this subjects To be able to quantize classical string theory To be able to understand idea of D branes

164

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Topic Introduction to the Course History Short Background Review of basic concepts Tensors Types of tensors Relativistic Strings D-branes The Nambu-Goto string action The Conformal group in D-dimensions The conformal group in two dimensions Conformal fields Operator product expansion Kac-Moody algebras BRST Quantization Back ground Fields Vertex Operators Superconformal field theory String with Space-time supersymmetry The Do-brane action Symetries Kappa symmetry The supersymmetry The supersymmetric sting action Quantization of Green Schwraz Action The light cone gauge Canonical Quantization The free string action Gauge Theory Gauge anomalies Gauge anomalies cancellation T-Duality T-duality and D-brave Closed strings Open string tachyons Chan-Paton charges Wilson lines Multiple branes String Geometry Kaluza-Kline Compectification Brane World Scenario Manifolds Calabi–Yau manifolds Mirror symmetry Orbifolds

165

75.Geometry Topology & Physics-I Course code.

PHY525

Course Title:

Geometry Topology & Physics-I

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY521

Recommended Texts:

1. M.Nakahara Geometry, Topology and Physics, CRC Press; 2003 2. R.Bott, L.W Tu, Differential forms in algebraic topology, by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1982 3. F.H Croom Basic concepts of algebraic topology, by SpringerVerlag New York Inc. 1978 4. D.A Cox. J.little, D.Oshea using Algebraic Geometry, by SpringerVerlag New York Inc. 2005 5. Introduction to Smooth Manifolds Lee, John, by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 2012

Course Description: This course is the first part of the two courses series. In the first part we introduce the concepts of topological and metric spaces. Concept of Manifolds is introduced, we also will deal with homology. Course Objectives:   

To enable students to learn geometrical structures To equip students with the concept of topology To understand the idea of differential geometry

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8

Topic Introduction to the Topology Metric Homeomorphism Topological Spaces Examples Natural Topology Discrete topology Indus Topology and Zariski Topology

166 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Haursdorff Spaces Homtopy Fundamental Group Simply connected spaces Universal covering Surfaces Triangulation Euler number Homology Betti members Simplicial Complex Euler Poincare Theorem Manifolds Differentiable manifolds Types of tensors Tangent spaces and tensor Pull bulk Push forward Lie derivative Differential forms Extenior Derivatives Rham chomology Riemannian Geometry Covariant derivative Covariant connections Affine connection Curative Torsion Levi Civita connection Tensors Ricci Tensor Value forms Christophel symbol The Killing equation Confound group Hodge duality Inner products

167

76.Geometry Topology & Physics-II Course code.

PHY626

Course Title:

Geometry Topology & Physics-II

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY521, PHY525

Recommended Texts:

1. M.Nakahara Geometry, Topology and Physics, CRC Press; 2003 2. R.Bott, L.W Tu, Differential forms in algebraic topology, by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1982 3. F.H Croom Basic concepts of algebraic topology, by SpringerVerlag New York Inc. 1978 4. D.A Cox. J.little, D.Oshea using Algebraic Geometry, by SpringerVerlag New York Inc. 2005 5. Introduction to Smooth Manifolds Lee, John, by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 2012

Course Description: This course is the second part of the two courses series. In the second part we introduce the concepts of Cech Co-homology. Concept of vector bundles is introduced, we also will deal with Sheaves. Course Objectives:  

To enable students to learn geometrical structures To equip students with the concept of topology

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13

Topic Introduction to the Topology Review of Basic concepts Homeomorphism Discrete topology and Natural Topology Topological invariants Haursdorff Spaces Group Theory Surfaces Vector Bundles Vielbien Lorentz connection Fiber bundles Lie groups

168 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24

Lie algebras Connections on fiber bundles Lie algebras and representations Complex manifolds Vector bundles on complex manifolds Poincare residue map Adjunction formula Poincare lemma Dolbeault cohomology Poincare residue map Sheaves

L25

Cech Co-homology

77.Supersymmetry and Supergravity

Course code.

PHY527

Course Title:

Supersymmetry and Supergravity

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

None

Recommended Texts:

1. 2.

Julius Wess and Jonathan Bagger Supersymmetry and supergravity Princeton University Press 1982. S.James Gates Jr., Marcus T.Graisarm, Martin Rocek, Warren Siegel Frontier in Physics; V.58 Superspace or one thousand one lessons in supersymmetry AddisonWesley;1983

3.

J. Terning Modern supersymmetry: Dynamics and duality Oxford University Press 2005.

Course Description: This course is intended to introduce the supersymmetry and supergravity. The

169 Feynman super calculus will be explained in detail. The concept of Spinors will be introduced and topics like superspace and Kahler geometry will be discussed.

Course Objectives:  

To equip the students supersymmetry and supergravity To enable students to be able to do research in this subject

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25

Topic Introduction Symmetry Representations of the supersymmetry algebra Component fields, Superfields Chiral super fields Vector superfields Feynman rules for supercgraphs Differential forms and superspace Super change transformations The supergravity multiplets Chiral and vector superfields in current space Chiral models Kahler geometry Spinors Clifford algebras Representations and spinors Dirac adjoint Charge conjugation Majorana spinors Weyl spinors Superspace Supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories Super covariant derivatives Bianchi identities

170 78.Advance Quantum Field Theory

Course code.

PHY522

Course Title:

Advance Quantum Field Theory

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY553

Recommended Texts:

1. Michael E. Peskin and Daniel V. Schroeder An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory 2. Steven Weinberg The Quantum Field Theory of fields 3. Mark Srednicki “Quantum Field theory” 4. Quantum field theory in Nutshell d A.Zee 5. Tom Banks Modern Quantum field theory

Course Description: This course is an important course which deals with the quantum fields. We will discuss Klien-Gordon equation, Dirac equation and Path Integral quantization method. The standard will also be discussed in detail. Course Objectives:   

To familiarize students with the idea of fields in quantum theory To make students understand the relativistic generalizations of quantum mechanics To learn about the standard model

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12

Topic Introduction to the Course Review of basic concepts Spaces Spin of the Particles Spin Zero Kline Gordon Equation Dirac Equation Schrodinger Equation Lorentz Invariance Free Scalar field theory The Spin statistics theorem Path integral quantization

171 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Scattering Amplitude The Feynman rules Renormalization Perturbation theory Continuous symmetries Course need currents Discrete symmetries The renormalization group Spontaneous symmetry breaking Spinor fields Lagrangian for Spinor fields Canonical quantization of spinor fields Parity Time reversal and charge conjugation Free Fermion propagator The Feynman rules for Dirac fields Gama matrices Yukawa theory Loop correction in Yukawa theory Functional Determinants Spin one Maxwell equations Spinor electrodynamics Beta functions in Quantum Electrodynamics Non-abelian gauge theory Anomalies in Global symmetries Chiral Symmetry Breaking The standard model Gauge Sector Higgs Sector Lepton Sector Quark Sector Examples

172 PHY622 Advanced Courses in Relativity (3 0 3) None 1. Principles of relativity physics; Anderson Academic Press New York 1997. Gravitational radiation experiments in relativity; C.de Witt New York 1984. 2. The Classical theory of fields; L.D Landau Addison Wesley 1982. Course Objectives:

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

79.Gauge Theory Gravity Duality (Ads/CFT Correspondence) Course code.

PHY754

Course Title:

Gauge Theory Gravity Duality (Ads/CFT Correspondence)

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY523, PHY626

Recommended Texts:

1. J. M. Maldacena, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231 (1998) [Int. J. Theor. Phys.38, 1113 (1999)] [hep-th/9711200]. 2. Edward Witten (1998). "Anti-de Sitter space and holography". Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 2: 253–291. arXiv:hep-th/9802150. Bibcode 1998hep.th....2150W. 3. Urs Schreiber, "Making AdS/CFT Precise", The n-Category Café, 22 July 2007 (accessed 22 July 2009) Jan de Boer, Introduction to the Ads/CFT correspondence

Course Description: This course develops the idea of large N and holography and Anti-de Sitter space. The AdS/CFT Correspondence is then derived. Conformal field theories and other advance topics are discussed. Course Objectives:   

To enable the students understand the large N limit. To equip the students with idea of AdS/CFT correspondence. To understand conformal field theories.

173

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33

Topic Large N and holography Anti-de Sitter space Correlation functions Mapping between parameters Derivation of the AdS/CFT correspondence Spectrum of operators Correlation Functions Wilson loops Finite temperature Glue balls The string tension Interpretation of the extra dimension AdS/CFT with a cutoff High energy scattering/deep inelastic scattering QCD string Other string effects in gauge theories Large quantum numbers and pp-waves D-branes vs. Black Holes and p-branes The D1-D5 system Coincident Dp-branes Entropy of Near-extremal 3-branes Thermodynamics of M-branes Absorption cross-sections to two-point correlators The AdS/CFT Correspondence Correlation functions The bulk/boundary correspondence Two-point functions Conformal field theories and Einstein manifolds D3-branes on the Conifold Dimensions of Chiral Operators Wrapped D3-branes as “dibaryons” Other ways of wrapping D-branes over cycles of T1

174 80. Black Holes

Course code

PHY857

Course Title

Black Holes

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY626

Recommended Texts

1. R. Brout, S. Massar, R. Parentani, Ph. Spindel A Primer for Black Hole Quantum Physics 2. Kerr black holes and conformal symmetry by Ivan Agullo, Jos´e Navarro-Salas,Gonzalo J. Olmo, and Leonard Parker Hawking radiation 3. P.K. Townsend Black Holes

Course Description: This course introduces the idea of black holes based on general theory of relativity. The Chandrasekhar Limit is discussed and Killing Vectors are explained. The Schwarzschild Black Hole is constructed and other black hole solutions are explained. Course Objectives:   

To equip the students with solutions of Einstein Field Equations To make students understand the Schwarzschild solution To familiarize the students with The Hawking radiations

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9

Topic Pair Production in a Static Electric Field Qualitative Survey, Mode Analysis Vacuum Instability Pair Production as the Source of Back Reaction Accelerating Systems The Accelerated Detector Quantization in Rindler Coordinates Unruh Modes Spontaneous Emission of Photons by an Accelerated Detector The Accelerating Mirror

175 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

The Mean Energy Momentum The Fluctuations around the Mean Star without Back Reaction Gravitational Collapse The Chandrasekhar Limit Neutron Stars Schwarzschild Black Hole Test particles Geodesics and affine parameterization Symmetries and Killing Vectors Spherically-Symmetric Pressure Free Collapse Black Holes and White Holes Kruskal-Szekeres Coordinates Eternal Black Holes, Time translation in the Kruskal Manifold Null Hypersurfaces, Killing Horizons Rindler spacetime Surface Gravity and Hawking Temperature, Tolman Law - Unruh Temperature Carter-Penrose Diagrams Conformal Compactification, Asymptopia The Event Horizon, Black Holes vs. Naked Singularities Charged Black Holes Reissner-Nordstr¨om, Pressure-Free Collapse to RN Cauchy Horizons Isotropic Coordinates for RN Multi Black Hole Solutions Rotating Black Holes Nature of Internal ∞ in Extreme RN Uniqueness Theorems Spacetime Symmetries The Kerr Solution Energy Conditions Black Hole Mechanics Geodesic Congruences Expansion and Shear The Laws of Black Hole Mechanics: Zeroth law Smarr’s Formula First Law, The Second Law (Hawking’s Area Theorem) Quantization of the Free Scalar Field Particle Production in Non-Stationary Spacetimes Hawking Radiation Black Holes and Thermodynamics Hawking radiation by Kerr black holes and conformal

176 81. Noncommutative Field Theory

Course code.

PHY655

Course Title

Noncommutative Field Theory

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY522, PHY553

Recommended Texts:

1. A Connes, Non commutative Geometry, Academic Press 1994 2. MR Dougles and Nekrasov, hep-th/0106048 3. J.L.F Barbon, Introduction to Non commutative Field Theory

Course Description: This course develops the basic concept of noncommutative field theory. It explains the noncommutative star products. It also gives explanation to the idea of deformation quantization. Course Objectives:   

To understand the noncommutative structure of spacetime. To equip the students with the idea of star products. To enable student to understand the phenomenology of noncommutative structure of spacetime

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13

Topic Introduction to the Course Noncommuatative Geometry Landau Problem Electrons in a strong magnetic field D-Branes Elementary construction of Classical NCFT Noncommutative Gauge Theories Asymptotically Free Photons Physical interpretation of the Moyal Star Product Connection to string theory The UV/IR Mixing The case of Gauge Theory

177 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19

Heuristic explanation of the UV/IR Mixing UV/IR Mixing and Unitarity Theta-Phenomenology Theta-Phenomenology Kontsivech Star Product Deformation Quantization

81. F-Theory Course code.

PHY756

Course Title

F-Theory

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY624, PHY626

Recommended Texts:

1. Timo Weigand Lectures on F-theory compactifications and model 2. buildingC. Vafa, “Evidence for F-Theory,” Nucl. Phys. B469 (1996) 403–418,hep-th/9602022. 3. M. Nakahara, “Geometry, topology and physics,” Boca Raton, USA: Taylor and Francis (2003) 573 p. S. Sethi, C. Vafa, and E. Witten, “Constraints on low-dimensional string compactifications,” Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 213–224, hepth/9606122.

Course Description: This course is about the F-theory basics which include compactification, Calabi-Yau manifold, and orientifolds. Phenomenological applications to GUT model building are also discussed. Course Objectives:   

To familiarize students with the idea of F theory compactification To make students understand phenomenological applications of string theory To learn about the model building in string theory

178

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22

Topic An introduction to the course The need for a non-perturbative formulation of Type IIB with 7-branes F/M-theory duality Calabi-Yau 4-folds The geometry of elliptic fibrations Sen’s orientifold limit Gauge symmetry from degenerations Technology for F-theory compactifications Tate models Fluxes 3-brane tadpoles Matter curves Yukawa points F-theory-heterotic duality The spectral cover construction for F-theory models Phenomenological applications to GUT model building SU(5) GUT models The principle of decoupling Options for GUT breaking Some constraints from hypercharge flux Proton decay Further developments

179

82. General Theory of Relativity

Course code

PHY612

Course Title

General Theory of Relativity

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

None

Recommended Texts

1. A First Course in General Relativity, Bernard F. Schutz, Cambridge University 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Press, 1985 General Relativity, Robert M. Wald, University of Chicago Press, 2010 Relativity: Special, General, and Cosmological, Wolfgang Rindler, OUP Oxford, 2006 Gravitation and Spactime, Hans C. Ohanian, Remo Ruffini, Cambridge University Press, 2013 Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity, Sean M. Carroll, Prentice Hall, 2004 Gravitation, Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, W.H. Freeman and Company, 2002

Course Description:

The principle of general relativity will be explained and non-inertial effects will be introduced. Concepts like metric tensor, Einstein Field equations and their solutions will be discussed. Objectives:   

The students will be familiarized with the fundamental principles of the theory of relativity. They will know the meaning of the concept “inertial frame” and how gravity is understood in the theory of relativity. The student will be familiarized with the fundamental concepts and main contents of the theory of relativity: The principle of relativity, the kinematic- and the gravitational time dilation and frequency shift, curved spacetime, gravitational bending of light and relativistic universe models with expanding space.

180

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44

Topic The equivalence principle Special Relativity Rotating frames Non-Inertial effects and Electromagnetism Principle of General Covariance Space-time as a differentiable manifold Vectors and vector fields, One-forms, Tensors, Differential forms Hodge duality Exterior derivative operator Maxwell’s equations and differential forms Metric tensor Absolute differentiation Parallel transport, Autoparallel curves and geodesic Geodesic coordinates Symmetries of the Riemann tensor Ricci tensor and curvature scalar Curvature 2-form Geodesic deviation and Bianchi identities Einstein field equations, Schwarzschild solution Time dependence and spherical symmetry Gravitational red-shift Geodesics in Schwarzschild space-time Precession of planetary orbits Deflection of light Gravitational lenses Radar echoes from planets Radial motion in a Schwarzschild field A gravitational clock effect The interior Schwarzschild solution and the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation Energy density and binding energy, Degenerate stars: white dwarfs and neutron stars Schwarzschild orbits: Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates Einstein–Rosen bridge and wormholes Conformal treatment of infinity: Penrose diagrams Rotating black holes: Kerr solution The ergosphere and energy extraction from a black hole Surface gravity Thermodynamics of black holes and further observations Global matters: singularities Trapped surfaces and Cosmic Censorship Gravitational action and field equations Energy-momentum pseudotensor Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates Weak field approximation Radiation from a rotating binary source Parallels between electrodynamics and General Relativity, Petrov classification

181 L45

Petrov classification

84. Advance Electromagnetic Theory Course No.

PHY571 or PHY711 (two different codes)

Course Title:

Advance Electromagnetic Theory

(TCH LCH CrH) Pre-requisite:

(3 0 3)

Recommended Texts:

1. Classical Electrodynamics, John David Jackson, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1980). 2. David J. Griffiths, third edition “Introduction to Electrodynamics” Pearson; 4 edition (October 6, 2012) 3. Fields and Waves Electromagnetics, David K. Cheng Addison Wesley (1989). 4. Electromagnetic Wave theory, Kong J.A. John Wiley & Sons New York (1986). 5. Electromagnetics, Kraus J.D, McGraw-Hill New York (1992).

Course Description:

Fundamental concepts of electromagnetics: Maxwell equations, Lorentz force relation, electric and magnetic polarizations, constitutive relations, boundary conditions, Poynting theorem in real and complex forms, energy relations. Solution of Helmholtz equation: plane, cylindrical, and spherical waves, dispersion, phase and group velocities, attenuation, wave propagation in anisotropic media. Electromagnetic theorems: uniqueness, duality, reciprocity, equivalence, and induction theorems, Huygen and Babinet principles. Guided wave propagation: mode expansions, metallic and dielectric waveguides, resonant cavities. Objectives: To develop a strong background in electromagnetic theory, understand and use various mathematical tools to solve Maxwell equations in problems of wave propagation and radiation.

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10

Topic Introduction to electrostatics, Coulombs law, electric field Gauss’s law, surface distribution of charges and dipoles poisons and Lap laces equations Electrostatic potential energy and energy density Boundary conditions and relations of microscopic to macroscopic fields The displacement vector, boundary conditions the electric field in a material medium Polarization Solution of potential problems Uniqueness theorem

182 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

solution by Green functions solutions by inversion solution by electrical images Two dimensional potential problems and application Three dimensional potential problems and applications Energy relations and force in the electrostatic field field energy in free space energy density in a dielectric Volume forces in the electrostatic field in the presence of dielectrics Steady currents and their interactions the magnetic interaction of steady line currents the magnetic scalar and vector potentials Magnetic materials and boundary value problems magnetic field intensity, magnetic sources, magnetic susceptibility uniqueness theorem for the vector potential Maxwell’s equations for stationary and moving media Energy relations in quasi-stationary current systems forces on current systems magnetic volume force The wave equation and plane waves radiation pressure, plane waves in a moving medium waves in conducting media, group velocity The wave equation for the potentials the radiation field, radiated energy The Hertz potential Electric dipole radiation Multiple radiation Radiation from an accelerated charge field of an accelerated charge radiation at low velocity Transformation properties of free radiation field electromagnetic mass, forced vibration scattering by an individual free electron scattering by a bound electron absorption of radiation by an oscillator scattering from a volume distribution the dispersion relations

183

85. Lasers photoacoustic and optoacoustic spectroscopy

Course No.

PHY-763

Course Title:

Lasers photoacoustic and optoacoustic spectroscopy

(TCH LCH CrH) Pre-requisite:

(3 0 3) None

Recommended Texts:

1.

Lasers and Electro-Optics by Christopher Davis, 2nd edition, Cambridge

University Press; 2 edition (May 12, 2014) 2. 3. 4.

5.

Gusev V.E., Karabutov. A.A. Laser Optoacoustics. AIP, N.-Y., 1993. Almond D.P. Patel J. Photothermal science and techniques, London, Chapman and Hall, 1996. 450 p. Malkin S., Canani O. The use and characteristics of the photoacoustic method in the study of thotosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1994, 45:493-526. Rogers J.A., Maznev A.A, Matthew J.B., Keith A.N. Optical generation and characterization of acoustic waves in thin films: Fundamentals and Applications. Annu.Rev. Matter. Sci., 2000, 30: 117-157.

Course Description: Introduction to lasers and modern laser spectroscopy. Fundamentals of optical processes and spectroscopic techniques. Lasers as spectroscopic light sources. Components of spectroscopic instruments. Photoluminescence.

Objectives: The course aims at providing a broad introduction to major types of lasers and modern laser spectroscopy.

  

To understand the properties of fundamental optical processes To understand the fundamental operational principle of modern lasers To learn modern laser spectroscopic techniques

Lecture Wise Distribution of the Contents Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11

Topic

Some information on the lasers. He-Ne lasers Mathematical descriptions of the lasers beam. Mathematical descriptions of the lasers beam. The radial distribution and time dependence. Theory of the photoacoustic effect in solids. Theory of the photoacoustic effect in solids. The composite piston model Thermally-thin samples Thermally-thick samples Optically transparent solids

184 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44

L45

Optically opaque solids General One Dimensional model Generalized composite piston model Optically transparent solids Optically opaque solids General One Dimensional model Generalized composite piston model Three-Dimensional Theory “Wide” cells “Narrow” Cells Cell Optimazation Porous samples Time-domaine Photoaoustics Results the application of the Photoacoustic spectroscopy method to determination of the thermal and optical parameters of solids. Open Cell Photoacoustics spectroscopy Theory and application. Photothermal Laser-Beam deflection Photothermal Laser-Beam deflection Optical Path analysis Photothermal laser-beam deflection models Collinear thermal lens method Lasers generation of the sound wave in weak absorbing liquids Method of the transfer function for highly absorbing liquids Optical Path analysis Photothermal laser-beam deflection models Collinear thermal lens method Lasers generation of the sound wave in weak absorbing liquids Method of the transfer function for highly absorbing liquids Boundary conditions Rigid and free surface Applications to determination of the optics thermophysics and acoustics parametr and diagnostic of condensed medium Effect of thermal nonlinearity of the strong absorbing mediums on parameters of an photoacoustic signal at the gas-microphone registration. Fundamental and second harmonics.

185 86. Advance Plasma Physics

Course code.

PHY581

Course Title:

Advance Plasma Physics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

Recommended Texts:

1. F. F. Chen, Introduction to plasma Physics, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 3rd edition, (2016) 2. N. A. Krall and A.W.Trivelpiece, Principles of Plasma Physics, 1973 (McGraw Hill). 3. S. Glasstone and R.H.Lovberg, Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, 1960 (D.Van Nestrand).

Course Description: This course provides the critical concepts needed for the foundation. The course introduces basics plasma terminologies, the fluid description of plasma & the wave’s generation mechanism along with the propagation properties in the framework of fluid theory. An undergraduate background in classical mechanics, electromagnetic theory including Maxwell's equations and mathematical familiarity with partial differential equations and complex analysis are prerequisites. Course Objectives:   

The course introduces the plasma state, provides the fundamental concepts and basic criteria sets for plasma. To understand the fluid theory of plasma To understand collective modes of plasma in the frame work of fluid theory

LECTURE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTENTS Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9

Topic Introduction: Occurrence of plasma in nature, Definition of plasma, concept of temperature, Debye shielding, plasma parameters, Criteria for plasma, application of plasma physics Single particle motion: Introduction, Uniform E and B fields,

186

L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Non-uniform B field, Non-uniform E field, Time-varying E field, Time-varying B field, Solutions of selected problem Guiding center drifts, Adiabatic invariants Plasma as Fluids: Introduction, Relation of plasma physics with ordinary electromagnetics, The fluid equation of motion, Fluid drift perpendicular to B, Fluid drift parallel to B, The plasma approximation Waves in Plasmas: Representation of waves, Group velocity, Plasma oscillation, Solutions of selected problem Electron plasma wave, sound wave, Ion waves, validity of the plasma approximation, Comparison of ion and electron waves, Solutions of selected problem Electrostatic electron oscillation perpendicular to B, Electrostatic ion wave perpendicular to B, The lower hybrid frequency, electromagnetic wave with Bo = 0, Solutions of selected problem Experimental application, Electromagnetic waves perpendicular to Bo, Cutoffs and resonance, Electromagnetic waves parallel to Bo, Experimental consequences, Hydromagnetic waves, Magnetostatic waves, Solutions of selected problem Summary of elementary plasma waves, Fusion, Fusion schemes

187 87. Atomic Physics in Hot Plasmas

Course code.

PHY787

Course Title:

Atomic Physics in Hot Plasmas

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY581

Recommended Texts:

1. George Schmidt, 1979Physics of High Temperature Plasmas 2. Lasers and Electro-Optics by Christopher Davis, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (May 12, 2014) 3. David Salzman, Oxford University Press, 1988 Atomic Physics in Hot Plasma

Course Description: The aim of this course is to provide the students with a coherent and updated comprehensive study that covers the central subjects of the field. For instant the course includes, statistical models, Average-Atom model, emission spectrum, unresolved transition arrays, supertransition arrays, radiation transport, escape factors and x-ray lasers.

Course Objectives:   

To understand the ionic properties in hot plasmas and the asscoaited processes To analyze the emission spectrum as a means of plasma diagnostics To understand the radiation absorbing processes and radiation transport

LECTURE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTENTS Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17

Topic Basic Plasma Parameter, Statistics, Temperature, Velocity and Energy Distribution, Space and Time variation Modeling of the atomic potential in hot plasmas: General properties of the models, Debye-Huckel theory, plasma coupling constant, Thomas Fermi Statistical model, Ion Spare Models, Ion correlation models Atomic properties in Hot Plasma Atomic Level shift and continuum lowering continuum lowering in weakly coupled plasma partition function, line shift in plasmas The detailed plasma principle Atomic energy levels transition probabilities

188

L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

electron impact excitation and de excitation, electron impact ionization and three body recombination photo ionization and radiative recombination Population distribution, local thermodynamic equilibrium, corona equation collisional radiative steady state low density plasmas the average atomic model validity condition for LTE and CE Emission spectrum, continues & line spectrums, isolated lines, satellite, unresolved transition arrays, super transition arrays Line broadening: line broadening, Dopler broadening, electron impact broadening, quasi-static stark broadening, lyman series Plasma Diagnostic: measurement of continuous and line spectrum space resolved plasma diagnostics, time resolved diagnostics Absorption spectrum and radiation transport: radiation field in Thermodynamic equilibrium, absorption of photon by material medium, continuous & line photo absorption cross section, basic radiation transport equation examples, diffusion approximation, radiative heat conduction Rosseland Mean free path.

88. Laser Plasma Diagnostics

Course code.

PHY888

Course Title:

Laser Plasma Diagnostics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

PHY581, PHY573

Recommended Texts:

1. 2.

IH Hutchinson “Principles of Plasma Diagnostics” 1987, Cambridge University press. Lasers and Electro-Optics by Christopher Davis, 2nd

189

3.

edition, Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (May 12, 2014) Hans R. Griem “ Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy” 1997, Cambridge university press

Course Description: This course provides a systematic introduction to the physics behind measurements on plasmas. Most of the contents (descriptions) are taken from laboratory plasma research, but the focus on principles makes the treatment useful to all experimental and theoretical plasma physicists, including those interested in space and astrophysical applications. Course Objectives:   

To understand the role of plasma parameters in technological devices To understand the experimental methods used for study of plasma in nature and in laboratorydevices To understand a good laboratory practice in the field of plasma physics

LECTURE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTENTS Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22

Topic Review of Basic Optics electromagnetic waves, Maxwell’s equation, Interference, Diffraction Polarization Scattering. Detectors Basic Semiconductor PN junction Diode Photodiodes Photodiode Arrays Photoemissive Detection Techniques and Electronic Equipment Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) charge-coupled device (CCD) Streak Cameras Laser Beam Diagnostic Interferrometry: Interferometers, Basic Concepts Michelson Interferometer Mach-Zehnder

190

L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Interferometer Multiple-Beam Interference Plane Fabry-Perot Interferometer Confocal Fabry-Perot Interferometer Multilayer Dielectric Coatings Interference Filters Birefringent Interferometer Tunable Interferometers Spectroscopy: Basic Properties Prism Spectrometer, Grating Spectrometer Optical Spectroscopy XUV Spectroscopy, X-rays Spectroscopy, Time-Resolved Laser Spectroscopy Photomultiplier tubes image intensifier, Microchannel plate Raman Spectroscopy Stark Broadening, Doppler Broadening Gaussian profile Lorentizan profile, Virgth Profile Scattering: Brillion scattering, Raman scattering, Thomson scattering Neutron Diagnostics Proton imaging Diagnostics Electron Thomson parabola.

191

88. Advance Classical Mechanics

Course code:

PHY513

Course Title:

Advance Classical Mechanics

(TCH LCH CrH)

(3 0 3)

Pre-requisite:

None

Recommended Texts:

1. Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, 3rd Ed., Addison Wesley Reading, Massachusetts, 2006 2. Classical Dynamics of Particles and System, Jerry B. Marian, Stephen T. Thornton, 4th Ed., Harcourt Brace & Company, 1995 3. Classical Mechanics, A. Douglas Davis, Academics Press, 1986

Course Description: Mechanics of a system of particles, Constrains, D’Alembert’s principal and

Lagrange’s

equation of motion, Velocity depdentent potentials and dissipation function, Applications Lagrange’s formulation, Hamilton’s principle, Techniques of calculus of variations, Derivation of Lagrange’s equation from Hamilton’s principle, Extension of Hamilton’s principle to Non-homonymic system, Advantages of variational principle formulations, Conservation theorems and symmetry properties, Energy function and conservation of energy, Reduction to the equivalent one body problem, The equation of motion and first integrals, The Virial theorem, Kepler problems, Scattering in a central force field, Transformation of scattering problems to Laboratory coordinates, The three body problem, Orthogonal transformations, Formal properties of the transformation matrix, The Euler angles, Euler theorem on the motion of a rigid body, Finite rotations, Infinitesimal rotations, Coriolios effect, Angular momentum and kinetic energy of motion about a point, The inertia Tensor and moment of Inertia, Oscillations, Basic postulate of special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, Vectors and the metric Tensor, Forces in special theory of relativity, The Lagrangian formulation of relativistic mechanics, Legendre Transformation, Hamilton Equation of motion, Cyclic coordinates and conservation theorems, Routh procedure, Hamilton’s formulation of relativistic mechanics, Derivation of Hamilton’s equation from

192

variational principle, Principle of least action, Poisson’s brackets. Objectives: The main objectives of this course are to acquaint the students with different approaches such as Newtonian, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of classical mechanics. LECTURE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTENTS

Lecture Number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27

TOPICS Brief survey of Newtonian Mechanics of a system of particles Constraints D’Alembert’s principal and Lagrange’s equation of motion Velocity depdentent potentials and dissipation function Cont… Applications Lagrange’s formulation Hamilton’s principle Techniques of calculus of variations Derivation of Lagrange’s equation from Hamilton’s principle Extension of Hamilton’s principle to Non-homonymic system Cont… Advantages of variational principle formulations Conservation theorems and symmetry properties Cont… Energy function and conservation of energy Reduction to the equivalent one body problem The equation of motion and first integrals Reduction of two body problem to an equivalent one body problem The Virial theorem Kepler problems Cont…, Scattering in a central force field Transformation of scattering problems to Laboratory coordinates, Rutherford scattering formula The three body problem Orthogonal transformations Cont…

193

L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45

Formal properties of the transformation matrix The Euler angles Cont… Euler theorem on the motion of a rigid body Finite rotations Infinitesimal rotations Coriolios effect Angular momentum and kinetic energy of motion about a point The inertia Tensor and moment of Inertia Oscillations Basic postulate of special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, Vectors and the metric Tensor Forces in special theory of relativity The Lagrangian formulation of relativistic mechanics, Legendre Transformation, Hamilton Equation of motion, Cyclic coordinates and conservation theorems Hamilton’s formulation of relativistic mechanics, Derivation of Hamilton’s equation from variational principle Principle of least action Poisson’s brackets