Compared
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Compared as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 2,551
- Pages: 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
Good morning everyone. Canada, as an Arctic nation, is proud to support the first Arctic Day. This is an opportunity to bring the Arctic to this forum and highlight both scientific, traditional knowledge and the culture of Northern indigenous peoples.
1
Arctic climate is now warming rapidly and much larger changes are projected.
1 a) Annual average arctic temperature has increased I would like to thank the many Elders who have come from so far to be a part of this day to share at almost twice the rate as that of the rest of the their invaluable and traditional knowledge with world over the past few decades, with some us. I'd also like to thank Liseanne Forand from variations across the region. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Jose Kusugak, President of the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Sheila Watt‐Cloutier, Chair of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Grand Chief Andy Carvill from the Yukon First Nations, Dr. Klaus Toepfer, Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Program, and Ms. Okpik Pitseolak for leading this morning's opening ceremony.
The future of the North is critical to the health of our planet.
1 b) Additional evidence of arctic warming comes from widespread melting of glaciers and sea ice, and a shortening of the snow season.
Arctic Impacts ‐ Ecosystem Increasing global concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, are projected to contribute to additional arctic warming of about 4‐7°C over the next 100 years.
1 c) Increasing global concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, are projected to contribute to additional arctic warming of about 4‐7°C over the next 100 years.
Increasing precipitation, shorter and warmer winters, and substantial decreases in snow cover and ice cover are among the projected changes that are very likely to persist for centuries.
1 d) Increasing precipitation, shorter and warmer winters, and substantial decreases in snow cover and ice cover are among the projected changes that are very likely to persist for centuries.
Page 1 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
1 e) Unexpected and even larger shifts and fluctuations in climate are also possible. 2 c) Warming is very likely to alter the release and uptake of greenhouse gases from soils, vegetation, and coastal oceans. 2 d) Impacts of arctic climate change will have implications for biodiversity around the world because migratory species depend on breeding and feeding grounds in the Arctic.
Arctic vegetation zones are very likely to shift, causing wide‐ranging impacts.
3
Arctic vegetation zones are very likely to shift, causing wide‐ranging impacts.
3 a) Treeline is expected to move northward and to higher elevations, with forests replacing a significant fraction of existing tundra, and tundra vegetation moving into polar deserts.
3 b) More‐productive vegetation is likely to increase carbon uptake, although reduced reflectivity of the land surface is likely to outweigh this, causing further warming. Disturbances such as insect outbreaks and forest fires are very likely to increase in frequency, severity, and duration, facilitating invasions by non‐native species.
3 c) Disturbances such as insect outbreaks and forest fires are very likely to increase in frequency, severity, and duration, facilitating invasions by non‐native species. 3 d) Where suitable soils are present, agriculture will have the potential to expand northward due to a longer and warmer growing season.
Animal species' diversity, ranges, and distribution will change.
4
Animal species' diversity, ranges, and distribution will change.
Page 2 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004 4 a) Reductions in sea ice will drastically shrink marine habitat for polar bears, ice‐inhabiting seals, and some seabirds, pushing some species toward extinction.
Reductions in sea ice will drastically shrink marine habitat for polar bears, ice‐inhabiting seals, and some seabirds, pushing some species toward extinction. Arctic Impacts ‐ Peoples The Arctic is not a laboratory, not only a place to conduct expeditions; it is a place where people live, with a rich culture that has evolved over thousands of years. Because of global warming, indigenous communities are facing major economic and cultural impacts. Many Indigenous Peoples depend on hunting polar bear, walrus, seals, and caribou, herding reindeer, fishing, and gathering, not only for food and to support the local economy, but also as the basis for cultural and social identity.
MOVED UP 8 a) Many Indigenous Peoples depend on hunting polar bear, walrus, seals, and caribou, herding reindeer, fishing, and gathering, not only for food and to support the local economy, but also as the basis for cultural and social identity.
How is climate change affecting the peoples of the North, threatening their livelihood and cultural survival? 4 b) Caribou/reindeer and other land animals are likely to be increasingly stressed as climate change alters their access to food sources, breeding grounds, and historic migration routes.
4 c) Species ranges are projected to shift northward on both land and sea, bringing new species into the Arctic while severely limiting some species currently present. 4 d) As new species move in, animal diseases that can be transmitted to humans, such as West Nile virus, are likely to pose increasing health risks.
Page 3 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
The reduction in sea ice will have serious consequences for polar bears, ice‐dependent seals, and local people for whom these animals are a primary food source.
4 e) Some arctic marine fisheries, which are of global importance as well as providing major contributions to the region's economy, are likely to become more productive. Northern freshwater fisheries that are mainstays of local diets are likely to suffer.
Many coastal communities and facilities face increasing exposure to storms.
5
Many coastal communities and facilities face increasing exposure to storms.
5 a) Severe coastal erosion will be a growing problem as rising sea level and a reduction in sea ice allow higher waves and storm surges to reach the shore. 5 b) Along some arctic coastlines, thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands, adding to their vulnerability. 5 c) The risk of flooding in coastal wetlands is projected to increase, with impacts on society and natural ecosystems.
In some cases, communities and industrial facilities in coastal zones are already threatened or being forced to relocate, while others face increasing risks and costs.
5 d) In some cases, communities and industrial facilities in coastal zones are already threatened or being forced to relocate, while others face increasing risks and costs. 6
Reduced sea ice is very likely to increase marine transport and access to resources.
6 a) The continuing reduction of sea ice is very likely to lengthen the navigation season and increase marine access to the Arctic's natural resources.
Page 4 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004 6 b) Seasonal opening of the Northern Sea Route is likely to make trans‐arctic shipping during summer feasible within several decades. Increasing ice movement in some channels of the Northwest Passage could initially make shipping more difficult. 6 c) Reduced sea ice is likely to allow increased offshore extraction of oil and gas, although increasing ice movement could hinder some operations. 6 d) Sovereignty, security, and safety issues, as well as social, cultural, and environmental concerns are likely to arise as marine access increases.
Thawing ground will disrupt transportation, buildings, and other infrastructure.
7
Thawing ground will disrupt transportation, buildings, and other infrastructure.
Transportation and industry on land, including oil and gas extraction and forestry, will increasingly be disrupted by the shortening of the periods during which ice roads and tundra are frozen sufficiently to permit travel.
7 a) Transportation and industry on land, including oil and gas extraction and forestry, will increasingly be disrupted by the shortening of the periods during which ice roads and tundra are frozen sufficiently to permit travel.
As frozen ground thaws, many existing buildings, 7 b) As frozen ground thaws, many existing buildings, roads, pipelines, airports, and industrial facilities roads, pipelines, airports, and industrial facilities are likely to be destabilized, requiring substantial are likely to be destabilized, requiring substantial rebuilding, maintenance, and investment. rebuilding, maintenance, and investment.
Global Impacts What is happening to the Arctic is a harbinger of things to come in the rest of the world.
Arctic warming and its consequences have worldwide implications.
2
MOVED DOWN Arctic warming and its consequences have worldwide implications.
Page 5 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
Melting of highly reflective arctic snow and ice reveals darker land and ocean surfaces, increasing absorption of the sun's heat and further warming the planet.
2 a) Melting of highly reflective arctic snow and ice reveals darker land and ocean surfaces, increasing absorption of the sun's heat and further warming the planet.
Increases in glacial melt and river runoff add more freshwater to the ocean, raising global sea level and possibly slowing the ocean circulation that brings heat from the tropics to the poles, affecting global and regional climate.
2 b) Increases in glacial melt and river runoff add more freshwater to the ocean, raising global sea level and possibly slowing the ocean circulation that brings heat from the tropics to the poles, affecting global and regional climate.
We recognize the importance of the Arctic Council 7 c) Future development will require new design elements to account for ongoing warming that in addressing the many common concerns and will add to construction and maintenance costs. challenges emerging from climate change and providing a forum for collective action on shared priorities. Not only does the Arctic Council engage Arctic nations, it also includes six Permanent Participants that represent Northern indigenous peoples who actively bring their voice to the work of the Council. This inclusive process ensures that steps forward to protect our shared Arctic will integrate social, cultural, health and economic components.
7 d) Permafrost degradation will also impact natural ecosystems through collapsing of the ground surface, draining of lakes, wetland development, and toppling of trees in susceptible areas.
Last November, the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment was received at the fourth Arctic Council Ministerial meeting in Reykjavik, Iceland. This is the first climate assessment of the Arctic ‐ a result of four years of international efforts from over 300 scientists, as well as traditional knowledge of Northern Indigenous peoples.
8
The Assessment confirms what our own science and the people of the Arctic have been telling us for many years: the Arctic is already experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth.
8 a) Many Indigenous Peoples depend on hunting polar bear, walrus, seals, and caribou, herding reindeer, fishing, and gathering, not only for food and to support the local economy, but also as the basis for cultural and social identity.
Indigenous communities are facing major economic and cultural impacts.
Page 6 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
International Polar Year We welcome the upcoming International Polar Year beginning in 2007', co‐sponsored by the International Council for Science and the World Meteorological Organization.
8 b) Changes in species' ranges and availability, access to these species, a perceived reduction in weather predictability, and travel safety in changing ice and weather conditions present serious challenges to human health and food security, and possibly even the survival of some cultures.
This is the first International Polar Year that includes a focus on the human, social and economic dimensions of life in the North.
8 c) Indigenous knowledge and observations provide an important source of information about climate change. This knowledge, consistent with complementary information from scientific research, indicates that substantial changes have already occurred.
This year will enhance knowledge of Polar regions, encourage cooperative Arctic research, raise awareness of Arctic climate change issues and create significant linkages to climate, ecosystems and communities around the world.
9
Elevated ultraviolet radiation levels will affect people, plants, and animals.
Goals/Deliverables The main goal is to carry out an innovative, interdisciplinary program for International Polar Year (IPY) along with our international partners.
9 a) The stratospheric ozone layer over the Arctic is not expected to improve significantly for at least a few decades, largely due to the effect of greenhouse gases on stratospheric temperatures. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) in the Arctic is thus projected to remain elevated in the coming decades.
Page 7 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
As a key deliverable for International Polar Year, the Government of Canada is supporting a targeted science and research program focused on two of Canada's most important challenges for its northern regions ‐ climate change impacts and adaptation, and the health and well‐being of northern communities.
9 b) As a result, the current generation of arctic young people is likely to receive a lifetime dose of UV that is about 30% higher than any prior generation. Increased UV is known to cause skin cancer, cataracts, and immune system disorders in humans. Elevated UV can disrupt photosynthesis in plants and have detrimental effects on the early life stages of fish and amphibians. 9 c) Elevated UV can disrupt photosynthesis in plants and have detrimental effects on the early life stages of fish and amphibians.
Funds will be allocated to academic, government and community researchers through a competitive, peer review process. With this funding, Canada will be able to provide leadership internationally on projects in which Canadian scientists have renowned expertise.
9 d) Risks to some arctic ecosystems are likely as the largest increases in UV occur in spring, when sensitive species are most vulnerable, and warming‐related declines in snow and ice cover increase exposure for living things normally protected by such cover.
10 It is also critical that the stories of the Arctic indigenous peoples be heard. That is why people from across the Arctic are here today ‐as witnesses of the impacts of climate change and as catalysts for action to slow that change in their homelands.
Multiple influences interact to cause impacts to people and ecosystems.
I look forward to reading the Arctic Youth's Video 10 a) Changes in climate are occurring in the context of many other stresses including chemical pollution, Declaration, which I understand will be presented overfishing, land use changes, habitat later today. I have heard that this video clearly fragmentation, human population increases, and underlines our responsibility to act now to ensure cultural and economic changes. the future for our children and childrens' children. It puts the human face on climate change and inspires us, as leaders, to do more.
Page 8 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
Bringing greater awareness of the sensitivity of 10 b) These multiple stresses can combine to amplify climate change impacts to the Arctic is a key step impacts on human and ecosystem health and well‐ in accomplishing our common goal. being. In many cases, the total impact is greater than the sum of its parts, such as the combined impacts of contaminants, excess ultraviolet radiation, and climatic warming.
I wish you great success on this extremely important task.
10 c) Unique circumstances in arctic sub‐regions determine which are the most important stresses and how they interact.
Thank you.
Page 9 of 9
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
Good morning everyone. Canada, as an Arctic nation, is proud to support the first Arctic Day. This is an opportunity to bring the Arctic to this forum and highlight both scientific, traditional knowledge and the culture of Northern indigenous peoples.
1
Arctic climate is now warming rapidly and much larger changes are projected.
1 a) Annual average arctic temperature has increased I would like to thank the many Elders who have come from so far to be a part of this day to share at almost twice the rate as that of the rest of the their invaluable and traditional knowledge with world over the past few decades, with some us. I'd also like to thank Liseanne Forand from variations across the region. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Jose Kusugak, President of the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Sheila Watt‐Cloutier, Chair of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Grand Chief Andy Carvill from the Yukon First Nations, Dr. Klaus Toepfer, Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Program, and Ms. Okpik Pitseolak for leading this morning's opening ceremony.
The future of the North is critical to the health of our planet.
1 b) Additional evidence of arctic warming comes from widespread melting of glaciers and sea ice, and a shortening of the snow season.
Arctic Impacts ‐ Ecosystem Increasing global concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, are projected to contribute to additional arctic warming of about 4‐7°C over the next 100 years.
1 c) Increasing global concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, are projected to contribute to additional arctic warming of about 4‐7°C over the next 100 years.
Increasing precipitation, shorter and warmer winters, and substantial decreases in snow cover and ice cover are among the projected changes that are very likely to persist for centuries.
1 d) Increasing precipitation, shorter and warmer winters, and substantial decreases in snow cover and ice cover are among the projected changes that are very likely to persist for centuries.
Page 1 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
1 e) Unexpected and even larger shifts and fluctuations in climate are also possible. 2 c) Warming is very likely to alter the release and uptake of greenhouse gases from soils, vegetation, and coastal oceans. 2 d) Impacts of arctic climate change will have implications for biodiversity around the world because migratory species depend on breeding and feeding grounds in the Arctic.
Arctic vegetation zones are very likely to shift, causing wide‐ranging impacts.
3
Arctic vegetation zones are very likely to shift, causing wide‐ranging impacts.
3 a) Treeline is expected to move northward and to higher elevations, with forests replacing a significant fraction of existing tundra, and tundra vegetation moving into polar deserts.
3 b) More‐productive vegetation is likely to increase carbon uptake, although reduced reflectivity of the land surface is likely to outweigh this, causing further warming. Disturbances such as insect outbreaks and forest fires are very likely to increase in frequency, severity, and duration, facilitating invasions by non‐native species.
3 c) Disturbances such as insect outbreaks and forest fires are very likely to increase in frequency, severity, and duration, facilitating invasions by non‐native species. 3 d) Where suitable soils are present, agriculture will have the potential to expand northward due to a longer and warmer growing season.
Animal species' diversity, ranges, and distribution will change.
4
Animal species' diversity, ranges, and distribution will change.
Page 2 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004 4 a) Reductions in sea ice will drastically shrink marine habitat for polar bears, ice‐inhabiting seals, and some seabirds, pushing some species toward extinction.
Reductions in sea ice will drastically shrink marine habitat for polar bears, ice‐inhabiting seals, and some seabirds, pushing some species toward extinction. Arctic Impacts ‐ Peoples The Arctic is not a laboratory, not only a place to conduct expeditions; it is a place where people live, with a rich culture that has evolved over thousands of years. Because of global warming, indigenous communities are facing major economic and cultural impacts. Many Indigenous Peoples depend on hunting polar bear, walrus, seals, and caribou, herding reindeer, fishing, and gathering, not only for food and to support the local economy, but also as the basis for cultural and social identity.
MOVED UP 8 a) Many Indigenous Peoples depend on hunting polar bear, walrus, seals, and caribou, herding reindeer, fishing, and gathering, not only for food and to support the local economy, but also as the basis for cultural and social identity.
How is climate change affecting the peoples of the North, threatening their livelihood and cultural survival? 4 b) Caribou/reindeer and other land animals are likely to be increasingly stressed as climate change alters their access to food sources, breeding grounds, and historic migration routes.
4 c) Species ranges are projected to shift northward on both land and sea, bringing new species into the Arctic while severely limiting some species currently present. 4 d) As new species move in, animal diseases that can be transmitted to humans, such as West Nile virus, are likely to pose increasing health risks.
Page 3 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
The reduction in sea ice will have serious consequences for polar bears, ice‐dependent seals, and local people for whom these animals are a primary food source.
4 e) Some arctic marine fisheries, which are of global importance as well as providing major contributions to the region's economy, are likely to become more productive. Northern freshwater fisheries that are mainstays of local diets are likely to suffer.
Many coastal communities and facilities face increasing exposure to storms.
5
Many coastal communities and facilities face increasing exposure to storms.
5 a) Severe coastal erosion will be a growing problem as rising sea level and a reduction in sea ice allow higher waves and storm surges to reach the shore. 5 b) Along some arctic coastlines, thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands, adding to their vulnerability. 5 c) The risk of flooding in coastal wetlands is projected to increase, with impacts on society and natural ecosystems.
In some cases, communities and industrial facilities in coastal zones are already threatened or being forced to relocate, while others face increasing risks and costs.
5 d) In some cases, communities and industrial facilities in coastal zones are already threatened or being forced to relocate, while others face increasing risks and costs. 6
Reduced sea ice is very likely to increase marine transport and access to resources.
6 a) The continuing reduction of sea ice is very likely to lengthen the navigation season and increase marine access to the Arctic's natural resources.
Page 4 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004 6 b) Seasonal opening of the Northern Sea Route is likely to make trans‐arctic shipping during summer feasible within several decades. Increasing ice movement in some channels of the Northwest Passage could initially make shipping more difficult. 6 c) Reduced sea ice is likely to allow increased offshore extraction of oil and gas, although increasing ice movement could hinder some operations. 6 d) Sovereignty, security, and safety issues, as well as social, cultural, and environmental concerns are likely to arise as marine access increases.
Thawing ground will disrupt transportation, buildings, and other infrastructure.
7
Thawing ground will disrupt transportation, buildings, and other infrastructure.
Transportation and industry on land, including oil and gas extraction and forestry, will increasingly be disrupted by the shortening of the periods during which ice roads and tundra are frozen sufficiently to permit travel.
7 a) Transportation and industry on land, including oil and gas extraction and forestry, will increasingly be disrupted by the shortening of the periods during which ice roads and tundra are frozen sufficiently to permit travel.
As frozen ground thaws, many existing buildings, 7 b) As frozen ground thaws, many existing buildings, roads, pipelines, airports, and industrial facilities roads, pipelines, airports, and industrial facilities are likely to be destabilized, requiring substantial are likely to be destabilized, requiring substantial rebuilding, maintenance, and investment. rebuilding, maintenance, and investment.
Global Impacts What is happening to the Arctic is a harbinger of things to come in the rest of the world.
Arctic warming and its consequences have worldwide implications.
2
MOVED DOWN Arctic warming and its consequences have worldwide implications.
Page 5 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
Melting of highly reflective arctic snow and ice reveals darker land and ocean surfaces, increasing absorption of the sun's heat and further warming the planet.
2 a) Melting of highly reflective arctic snow and ice reveals darker land and ocean surfaces, increasing absorption of the sun's heat and further warming the planet.
Increases in glacial melt and river runoff add more freshwater to the ocean, raising global sea level and possibly slowing the ocean circulation that brings heat from the tropics to the poles, affecting global and regional climate.
2 b) Increases in glacial melt and river runoff add more freshwater to the ocean, raising global sea level and possibly slowing the ocean circulation that brings heat from the tropics to the poles, affecting global and regional climate.
We recognize the importance of the Arctic Council 7 c) Future development will require new design elements to account for ongoing warming that in addressing the many common concerns and will add to construction and maintenance costs. challenges emerging from climate change and providing a forum for collective action on shared priorities. Not only does the Arctic Council engage Arctic nations, it also includes six Permanent Participants that represent Northern indigenous peoples who actively bring their voice to the work of the Council. This inclusive process ensures that steps forward to protect our shared Arctic will integrate social, cultural, health and economic components.
7 d) Permafrost degradation will also impact natural ecosystems through collapsing of the ground surface, draining of lakes, wetland development, and toppling of trees in susceptible areas.
Last November, the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment was received at the fourth Arctic Council Ministerial meeting in Reykjavik, Iceland. This is the first climate assessment of the Arctic ‐ a result of four years of international efforts from over 300 scientists, as well as traditional knowledge of Northern Indigenous peoples.
8
The Assessment confirms what our own science and the people of the Arctic have been telling us for many years: the Arctic is already experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth.
8 a) Many Indigenous Peoples depend on hunting polar bear, walrus, seals, and caribou, herding reindeer, fishing, and gathering, not only for food and to support the local economy, but also as the basis for cultural and social identity.
Indigenous communities are facing major economic and cultural impacts.
Page 6 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
International Polar Year We welcome the upcoming International Polar Year beginning in 2007', co‐sponsored by the International Council for Science and the World Meteorological Organization.
8 b) Changes in species' ranges and availability, access to these species, a perceived reduction in weather predictability, and travel safety in changing ice and weather conditions present serious challenges to human health and food security, and possibly even the survival of some cultures.
This is the first International Polar Year that includes a focus on the human, social and economic dimensions of life in the North.
8 c) Indigenous knowledge and observations provide an important source of information about climate change. This knowledge, consistent with complementary information from scientific research, indicates that substantial changes have already occurred.
This year will enhance knowledge of Polar regions, encourage cooperative Arctic research, raise awareness of Arctic climate change issues and create significant linkages to climate, ecosystems and communities around the world.
9
Elevated ultraviolet radiation levels will affect people, plants, and animals.
Goals/Deliverables The main goal is to carry out an innovative, interdisciplinary program for International Polar Year (IPY) along with our international partners.
9 a) The stratospheric ozone layer over the Arctic is not expected to improve significantly for at least a few decades, largely due to the effect of greenhouse gases on stratospheric temperatures. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) in the Arctic is thus projected to remain elevated in the coming decades.
Page 7 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
As a key deliverable for International Polar Year, the Government of Canada is supporting a targeted science and research program focused on two of Canada's most important challenges for its northern regions ‐ climate change impacts and adaptation, and the health and well‐being of northern communities.
9 b) As a result, the current generation of arctic young people is likely to receive a lifetime dose of UV that is about 30% higher than any prior generation. Increased UV is known to cause skin cancer, cataracts, and immune system disorders in humans. Elevated UV can disrupt photosynthesis in plants and have detrimental effects on the early life stages of fish and amphibians. 9 c) Elevated UV can disrupt photosynthesis in plants and have detrimental effects on the early life stages of fish and amphibians.
Funds will be allocated to academic, government and community researchers through a competitive, peer review process. With this funding, Canada will be able to provide leadership internationally on projects in which Canadian scientists have renowned expertise.
9 d) Risks to some arctic ecosystems are likely as the largest increases in UV occur in spring, when sensitive species are most vulnerable, and warming‐related declines in snow and ice cover increase exposure for living things normally protected by such cover.
10 It is also critical that the stories of the Arctic indigenous peoples be heard. That is why people from across the Arctic are here today ‐as witnesses of the impacts of climate change and as catalysts for action to slow that change in their homelands.
Multiple influences interact to cause impacts to people and ecosystems.
I look forward to reading the Arctic Youth's Video 10 a) Changes in climate are occurring in the context of many other stresses including chemical pollution, Declaration, which I understand will be presented overfishing, land use changes, habitat later today. I have heard that this video clearly fragmentation, human population increases, and underlines our responsibility to act now to ensure cultural and economic changes. the future for our children and childrens' children. It puts the human face on climate change and inspires us, as leaders, to do more.
Page 8 of 9
Dion's Speech
Corell's Findings
December 6, 2005
November 16, 2004
Bringing greater awareness of the sensitivity of 10 b) These multiple stresses can combine to amplify climate change impacts to the Arctic is a key step impacts on human and ecosystem health and well‐ in accomplishing our common goal. being. In many cases, the total impact is greater than the sum of its parts, such as the combined impacts of contaminants, excess ultraviolet radiation, and climatic warming.
I wish you great success on this extremely important task.
10 c) Unique circumstances in arctic sub‐regions determine which are the most important stresses and how they interact.
Thank you.
Page 9 of 9
Related Documents
Compared
October 2019 19
Buddhism & Christianity Compared
October 2019 15
Best Intel Amd Compared
November 2019 13
Celecoxib Compared With Acetaminophen
July 2020 3
New Covenant Theology Compared
October 2019 23