Community Health Nursing Part 1

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING Part 1 SITUATION : Epidemiology and Vital statistics is a very important tool that a nurse could use in controlling the spread of disease in the community and at the same time, surveying the impact of the disease on the population and prevent it’s future occurrence.

A. 1 and 3 B. 1 and 4 C. 2 and 3 D. 2 and 4 8. All of the following are uses of epidemiology except:

1. It is concerned with the study of factors that influence the occurrence and distribution of diseases, defects, disability or death which occurs in groups or aggregation of individuals. A. Epidemiology B. Demographics C. Vital Statistics D. Health Statistics 2. Which of the following is the backbone in disease prevention? A. Epidemiology B. Demographics C. Vital Statistics D. Health Statistics 3. Which of the following type of research could show how community expectations can result in the actual provision of services? A. Basic Research B. Operational Research C. Action Research D. Applied Research 4. An outbreak of measles has been reported in Community A. As a nurse, which of the following is your first action for an Epidemiological investigation? A. Classify if the outbreak of measles is epidemic or just sporadic B. Report the incidence into the RHU C. Determine the first day when the outbreak occurred D. Identify if it is the disease which it is reported to be 5. After the epidemiological investigation produced final conclusions, which of the following is your initial step in your operational procedure during disease outbreak? A. Coordinate personnel from Municipal to the National level B. Collect pertinent laboratory specimen to confirm disease causation C. Immunize nearby communities with Measles D. Educate the community in future prevention of similar outbreaks 6. The main concern of a public health nurse is the prevention of disease, prolonging of life and promoting physical health and efficiency through which of the following? A. Use of epidemiological tools and vital health statistics B. Determine the spread and occurrence of the disease C. Political empowerment and Socio Economic Assistance D. Organized Community Efforts 7. In order to control a disease effectively, which of the following must first be known? 1. The conditions surrounding its occurrence 2. Factors that do not favor its development 3. The condition that do not surround its occurrence 4. Factors that favors its development

A. To study the history of health population and the rise and fall of disease B. To diagnose the health of the community and the condition of the people C. To provide summary data on health service delivery D. To identify groups needing special attention 9. Before reporting the fact of presence of an epidemic, which of the following is of most importance to determine? A. Are the facts complete? B. Is the disease real? C. Is the disease tangible? D. Is it epidemic or endemic? 10. An unknown epidemic has just been reported in Barangay Dekbudekbu. People said that affected person demonstrates hemorrhagic type of fever. You are designated now to plan for epidemiological investigation. Arrange the sequence of events in accordance with the correct outline plan for epidemiological investigation. 1. Report the presence of dengue 2. Summarize data and conclude the final picture of epidemic 3. Relate the occurrence to the population group, facilities, food supply and carriers 4. Determine if the disease is factual or real 5. Determine any unusual prevalence of the disease and its nature; is it epidemic, sporadic, endemic or pandemic? 6. Determine onset and the geographical limitation of the disease. A. 4,1,3,5,2,6 B. 4,1,5,6,3,2 C. 5,4,6,2,1,3 D. 5,4,6,1,2,3 E. 1,2,3,4,5,6 11. In the occurrence of SARS and other pandemics, which of the following is the most vital role of a nurse in epidemiology? A. Health promotion B. Disease prevention C. Surveillance D. Casefinding 12. Measles outbreak has been reported in Barangay Bahay Toro, After conducting an epidemiological investigation you have confirmed that the outbreak is factual. You are tasked to lead a team of medical workers for operational procedure in disease outbreak. Arrange the correct sequence of events that you must do to effectively contain the disease 1. Create a final report and recommendation 2. Perform nasopharyngeal swabbing to infected individuals 3. Perform mass measles immunization to vulnerable groups 4. Perform an environmental sanitation survey on the immediate environment 5. Organize your team and Coordinate the personnels 6. Educate the community on disease transmission A. 1,2,3,4,5,6 B. 6,5,4,3,2,1 C. 5,6,4,2,3,1

D. 5,2,3,4,6,1

Office

13. All of the following are function of Nurse Budek in epidemiology except

22. Deejay, The birth attendant noticed that Lestat has low set of ears, Micrognathia, Microcephaly and a typical cat like cry. What should Deejay do?

A. Laboratory Diagnosis B. Surveillance of disease occurrence C. Follow up cases and contacts D. Refer cases to hospitals if necessary E. Isolate cases of communicable disease 14. All of the following are performed in team organization except A. Orientation and demonstration of methodology to be employed B. Area assignments of team members C. Check team’s equipments and paraphernalia D. Active case finding and Surveillance 15. Which of the following is the final output of data reporting in epidemiological operational procedure? A. Recommendation B. Evaluation C. Final Report D. Preliminary report 16. The office in charge with registering vital facts in the Philippines is none other than the A. PCSO B PAGCOR C. DOH D. NSO 17. The following are possible sources of Data except: A. Experience B. Census C. Surveys D. Research 18. This refers to systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages, divorces and deaths A. Epidemiology B. Demographics C. Vital Statistics D. Health Statistics 19. In case of clerical errors in your birth certificate, Where should you go to have it corrected? A. NSO B. Court of Appeals C. Municipal Trial Court D. Local Civil Registrar 20. Acasia just gave birth to Lestat, A healthy baby boy. Who are going to report the birth of Baby Lestat? A. Nurse B. Midwife C. OB Gyne D. Birth Attendant

A. Bring Lestat immediately to the nearest hospital B. Ask his assistant to call the nearby pediatrician C. Bring Lestat to the nearest pediatric clinic D. Call a Taxi and together with Acasia, Bring Lestat to the nearest hospital 23. Deejay would suspect which disorder? A. Trisomy 21 B. Turners Syndrome C. Cri Du Chat D. Klinefelters Syndrome 24. Deejay could expect which of the following congenital anomaly that would accompany this disorder? A. AVSD B. PDA C. TOF D. TOGV 26. Which presidential decree orders reporting of births within 30 days after its occurrence? A. 651 B. 541 C. 996 D. 825 25. These rates are referred to the total living population, It must be presumed that the total population was exposed to the risk of occurrence of the event. A. Rate B. Ratio C. Crude/General Rates D. Specific Rate 26. These are used to describe the relationship between two numerical quantities or measures of events without taking particular considerations to the time or place. A. Rate B. Ratios C. Crude/General Rate D. Specific Rate 27. This is the most sensitive index in determining the general health condition of a community since it reflects the changes in the environment and medical conditions of a community A. Crude death rate B. Infant mortality rate C. Maternal mortality rate D. Fetal death rate 28. According to the WHO, which of the following is the most frequent cause of death in children underfive worldwide in the 2003 WHO Survey?

21. In reporting the birth of Baby Lestat, where will he be registered?

A. Neonatal B. Pneumonia C. Diarrhea D. HIV/AIDS

A. At the Local Civil Registrar B. In the National Statistics Office C. In the City Health Department D. In the Field Health Services and Information System Main

29. In the Philippines, what is the most common cause of death of infants according to the latest survey?

A. Pneumonia B. Diarrhea C. Other perinatal condition D. Respiratory condition of fetus and newborn 30. The major cause of mortality from 1999 up to 2002 in the Philippines are A. Diseases of the heart B. Diseases of the vascular system C. Pneumonias D. Tuberculosis 31. Alicia, a 9 year old child asked you “ What is the common cause of death in my age group here in the Philippines? “ The nurse is correct if he will answer A. Pneumonia is the top leading cause of death in children age 5 to 9 B. Malignant neoplasm if common in your age group C. Probability wise, You might die due to accidents D. Diseases of the respiratory system is the most common cause of death in children 32. In children 1 to 4 years old, which is the most common cause of death? A. Diarrhea B. Accidents C. Pneumonia D. Diseases of the heart 33. Working in the community as a PHN for almost 10 years, Aida knew the fluctuation in vital statistics. She knew that the most common cause of morbidity among the Filipinos is A. Diseases of the heart B. Diarrhea C. Pneumonia D. Vascular system diseases 34. Nurse Aida also knew that most maternal deaths are caused by A. Hemorrhage B. Other Complications related to pregnancy occurring in the course of labor, delivery and puerperium C. Hypertension complicating pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium D. Abortion SITUATION : Barangay PinoyBSN has the following data in year 2006 1. July 1 population : 254,316 2. Livebirths : 2,289 3. Deaths from maternal cause : 15 4. Death from CVD : 3,029 5. Deaths under 1 year of age : 23 6. Fetal deaths : 8 7. Deaths under 28 days : 8 8. Death due to rabies : 45 9. Registered cases of rabies : 45 10. People with pneumonia : 79 11. People exposed with pneumonia : 2,593 12. Total number of deaths from all causes : 10,998

A. 90/100,000 B. 9/100 C. 90/1000 D. 9/1000 36. What is the cause specific death rate from cardiovascular diseases? A. 27/100 B. 1191/100,000 C. 27/100,000 D. 1.1/1000 37. What is the Maternal Mortality rate of this barangay? A. 6.55/1000 B. 5.89/1000 C. 1.36/1000 D. 3.67/1000 38. What is the fetal death rate? A. 3.49/1000 B. 10.04/1000 C. 3.14/1000 D. 3.14/100,000 39. What is the attack rate of pneumonia? A. 3.04/1000 B. 7.18/1000 C. 32.82/100 D. 3.04/100 40. Determine the Case fatality ratio of rabies in this Barangay A. 1/100 B. 100% C. 1% D. 100/1000 41. The following are all functions of the nurse in vital statistics, which of the following is not? A. Consolidate Data B. Collects Data C. Analyze Data D. Tabulate Data 42. The following are Notifiable diseases that needs to have a tally sheet in data reporting, Which one is not? A. Hypertension B. Bronchiolitis C. Chemical Poisoning D. Accidents 43. Which of the following requires reporting within 24 hours? A. Neonatal tetanus B. Measles C. Hypertension D. Tetanus

The following questions refer to these data

44. Which Act declared that all communicable disease be reported to the nearest health station?

35. What is the crude birth rate of Barangay PinoyBSN?

A. 1082 B. 1891

C. 3573 D. 6675

accurate and are disseminated in a timely and easy to use fashion

45. In the RHU Team, Which professional is directly responsible in caring a sick person who is homebound?

52. What is the fundamental block or foundation of the field health service information system?

A. Midwife B. Nurse C. BHW D. Physician 46. During epidemics, which of the following epidemiological function will you have to perform first? A. Teaching the community on disease prevention B. Assessment on suspected cases C. Monitor the condition of people affected D. Determining the source and nature of the epidemic

A. Family treatment record B. Target Client list C. Reporting forms D. Output record 53. What is the primary advantage of having a target client list? A. Nurses need not to go back to FTR to monitor treatment and services to beneficiaries thus saving time and effort B. Help monitor service rendered to clients in general C. Facilitate monitoring and supervision of services D. Facilitates easier reporting

47. Which of the following is a POINT SOURCE epidemic?

54. Which of the following is used to monitor particular groups that are qualified as eligible to a certain program of the DOH?

A. Dengue H.F B. Malaria C. Contaminated Water Source D. Tuberculosis

A. Family treatment record B. Target Client list C. Reporting forms D. Output record

48. All but one is a characteristic of a point source epidemic, which one is not?

55. In using the tally sheet, what is the recommended frequency in tallying activities and services?

A. The spread of the disease is caused by a common vehicle B. The disease is usually caused by contaminated food C. There is a gradual increase of cases D. Epidemic is usually sudden

A. Daily B. Weekly C. Monthly D. Quarterly

49. The only Microorganism monitored in cases of contaminated water is

A. At the end of the day B. At the end of the week C. At the end of the month D. At the end of the year

A. Vibrio Cholera B. Escherichia Coli C. Entamoeba Histolytica D. Coliform Test 50. Dengue increase in number during June, July and August. This pattern is called A. Epidemic B. Endemic C. Cyclical D. Secular SITUATION : Field health services and information system provides summary data on health service delivery and selected program from the barangay level up to the national level. As a nurse, you should know the process on how these information became processed and consolidated. 51. All of the following are objectives of FHSIS Except A. To complete the clinical picture of chronic disease and describe their natural history B. To provide standardized, facility level data base which can be accessed for more in depth studies C. To minimize recording and reporting burden allowing more time for patient care and promotive activities D. To ensure that data reported are useful and

56. When is the counting of the tally sheet done?

57. Target client list will be transmitted to the next facility in the form of A. Family treatment record B. Target Client list C. Reporting forms D. Output record 58. All but one of the following are eligible target client list A. Leprosy cases B. TB cases C. Prenatal care D. Diarrhea cases 59. This is the only mechanism through which data are routinely transmitted from once facility to another A. Family treatment record B. Target Client list C. Reporting forms D. Output record 60. FHSIS/Q-3 Or the report for environmental health activities is prepared how frequently? A. Daily B. Weekly

C. Quarterly D. Yearly

D. She records a Child who have frequent diarrhea in TCL : Under Five

61. Nurse Budek is preparing the reporting form for weekly notifiable diseases. He knew that he will code the report form as

69. The BHS Is the lowest level of reporting unit in FHSIS. A BHS can be considered a reporting unit if all of the following are met except

A. FHSIS/E-1 B. FHSIS/E-2 C. FHSIS/E-3 D. FHSIS/M-1

A. It renders service to 3 barangays B. There is a midwife the regularly renders service to the area C. The BHS Have no mother BHS D. It should be a satellite BHS

62. In preparing the maternal death report, which of the following correctly codes this occurrence? A. FHSIS/E-1 B. FHSIS/E-2 C. FHSIS/E-3 D. FHSIS/M-1 63. Where should Nurse Budek bring the reporting forms if he is in the BHU Facility? A. Rural health office B. FHSIS Main office C. Provincial health office D. Regional health office 64. After bringing the reporting forms in the right facility for processing, Nurse Budek knew that the output reports are solely produced by what office? A. Rural health office B. FHSIS Main office C. Provincial health office D. Regional health office 65. Mang Raul entered the health center complaining of fatigue and frequent syncope. You assessed Mang Raul and found out that he is severely malnourished and anemic. What record should you get first to document these findings? A. Family treatment record B. Target Client list C. Reporting forms D. Output record 66. The information about Mang Raul’s address, full name, age, symptoms and diagnosis is recorded in A. Family treatment record B. Target Client list C. Reporting forms D. Output record 67. Another entry is to be made for Mang Raul because he is in the target client’s list, In what TCL should Mang Raul’s entry be documented? A. TCL Eligible Population B. TCL Family Planning C. TCL Nutrition D. TCL Pre Natal 68. The nurse uses the FHSIS Record system incorrectly when she found out that A. She go to the individual or FTR for entry confirmation in the Tally/Report Summary B. She refer to other sources for completing monthly and quarterly reports C. She records diarrhea in the Tally sheet/Report form with a code FHSIS/M-1

70. Data submitted to the PHO is processed using what type of technology? A. Internet B. Microcomputer C. Supercomputer D. Server Interlink Connections SITUATION : Community organizing is a process by which people, health services and agencies of the community are brought together to act and solve their own problems. 71. Mang Ambo approaches you for counseling. You are an effective counselor if you A. Give good advice to Mang Ambo B. Identify Mang Ambo’s problems C. Convince Mang Ambo to follow your advice D. Help Mang Ambo identify his problems 72. As a newly appointed PHN instructed to organize Barangay Baritan, Which of the following is your initial step in organizing the community for initial action? A. Study the Barangay Health statistics and records B. Make a courtesy call to the Barangay Captain C. Meet with the Barangay Captain to make plans D. Make a courtesy call to the Municipal Mayor 73. Preparatory phase is the first phase in organizing the community. Which of the following is the initial step in the preparatory phase? A. Area selection B. Community profiling C. Entry in the community D. Integration with the people 74. the most important factor in determining the proper area for community organizing is that this area should A. Be already adopted by another organization B. Be able to finance the projects C. Have problems and needs assistance D. Have people with expertise to be developed as leaders 75. Which of the following dwelling place should the Nurse choose when integrating with the people? A. A simple house in the border of Barangay Baritan and San Pablo B. A simple house with fencing and gate located in the center of Barangay Baritan C. A modest dwelling place where people will not hesitate to enter D. A modest dwelling place where people will not

hesitate to enter located in the center of the community

83. Major discussion in community organization are made by

76. In choosing a leader in the community during the Organizational phase, Which among these people will you choose?

A. The nurse B. The leaders of each committee C. The entire group D. Collaborating Agencies

A. Miguel Zobel, 50 years old, Rich and Famous B. Rustom, 27 years old, Actor C. Mang Ambo, 70, Willing to work for the desired change D. Ricky, 30 years old, Influential and Willing to work for the desired change 77. Which type of leadership style should the leaders of the community practice? A. Autocratic B. Democratic C. Laissez Faire D. Consultative 78. Setting up Committee on Education and Training is in what phase of COPAR? A. Preparatory B. Organizational C. Education and Training D. Intersectoral Collaboration E. Phase out 79. Community diagnosis is done to come up with a profile of local health situation that will serve as basis of health programs and services. This is done in what phase of COPAR? A. Preparatory B. Organizational C. Education and Training D. Intersectoral Collaboration E. Phase out 80. The people named the community health workers based on the collective decision in accordance with the set criteria. Before they can be trained by the Nurse, The Nurse must first

84. The nurse should know that Organizational plan best succeeds when 1. People sees its values 2. People think its antagonistic professionally 3. It is incompatible with their personal beliefs 4. It is compatible with their personal beliefs A. 1 and 3 B. 2 and 4 C. 1 and 2 D. 1 and 4 85. Nurse Budek made a proposal that people should turn their backyard into small farming lots to plant vegetables and fruits. He specified that the objective is to save money in buying vegetables and fruits that tend to have a fluctuating and cyclical price. Which step in Community organizing process did he utilized? A. Fact finding B. Determination of needs C. Program formation D. Education and Interpretation 86. One of the critical steps in COPAR is becoming one with the people and understanding their culture and lifestyle. Which critical step in COPAR will the Nurse try to immerse himself in the community? A. Integration B. Social Mobilization C. Ground Work D. Mobilization 87. The Actual exercise of people power occurs during when?

A. Make a lesson plan B. Set learning goals and objective C. Assess their learning needs D. Review materials needed for training

A. Integration B. Social Mobilization C. Ground Work D. Mobilization

81. Nurse Budek wrote a letter to PCSO asking them for assistance in their feeding programs for the community’s nutrition and health projects. PCSO then approved the request and gave Budek 50,000 Pesos and a truckload of rice, fruits and vegetables. Which phase of COPAR did Budek utilized?

88. Which steps in COPAR trains indigenous and informal leaders?

A. Preparatory B. Organizational C. Education and Training D. Intersectoral Collaboration E. Phase out

A. Ground Work B. Mobilization C. Core Group formation D. Integration 89. As a PHN, One of your role is to organize the community. Nurse Budek knows that the purposes of community organizing are

82. Ideally, How many years should the Nurse stay in the community before he can phase out and be assured of a Self Reliant community?

1. Move the community to act on their own problems 2. Make people aware of their own problems 3. Enable the nurse to solve the community problems 4. Offer people means of solving their own problems

A. 5 years B. 10 years C. 1 year D. 6 months

A. 1,2,3 B. 1,2,3,4 C. 1,2 D. 1,2,4

90. This is considered the first act of integrating with the people. This gives an in depth participation in community health problems and needs. A. Residing in the area of assignment B. Listing down the name of person to contact for courtesy call C. Gathering initial information about the community D. Preparing Agenda for the first meeting SITUATION : Health education is the process whereby knowledge, attitude and practice of people are changed to improve individual, family and community health. 91. Which of the following is the correct sequence in health education? 1. Information 2. Communication 3. Education A. 1,2,3 B. 3,2,1 C. 1,3,2 D. 3,1,2 92. The health status of the people is greatly affected and determined by which of the following? A. Behavioral factors B. Socioeconomic factors C. Political factors D. Psychological factors 93. Nurse Budek is conducting a health teaching to Agnesia, 50 year old breast cancer survivor needing rehabilitative measures. He knows that health education is effective when A. Agnesia recites the procedure and instructions perfectly B. Agnesia’s behavior and outlook in life was changed positively C. Agnesia gave feedback to Budek saying that she understood the instruction D. Agnesia requested a written instruction from Budek 94. Which of the following is true about health education? A. It helps people attain their health through the nurse’s sole efforts B. It should not be flexible C. It is a fast and mushroom like process D. It is a slow and continuous process 95. Which of the following factors least influence the learning readiness of an adult learner?

A. The individuals stage of development B. Ability to concentrate on information to be learned C. The individual’s psychosocial adaptation to his illness D. The internal impulses that drive the person to take action 96. Which of the following is the most important condition for diabetic patients to learn how to control their diet? A. Use of pamphlets and other materials during instructions B. Motivation to be symptom free C. Ability of the patient to understand teaching instruction D. Language used by the nurse 97. An important skill that a primigravida has to acquire is the ability to bathe her newborn baby and clean her breast if she decides to breastfeed her baby, Which of the following learning domain will you classify the above goals? A. Psychomotor B. Cognitive C. Affective D. Attitudinal 98. When you prepare your teaching plan for a group of hypertensive patients, you first formulate your learning objectives. Which of the following steps in the nursing process corresponds to the writing of the learning objectives? A. Planning B. Implementing C. Evaluation C. Assessment 99. Rose, 50 years old and newly diagnosed diabetic patient must learn how to inject insulin. Which of the following physical attribute is not in anyway related to her ability to administer insulin? A. Strength B. Coordination C. Dexterity D. Muscle Built 100. Appearance and disposition of clients are best observed initially during which of the following situation? A. Taking V/S B. Interview C. Implementation of the initial care D. Actual Physical examination

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING Part 2 1. Which is the primary goal of community health nursing? A. To support and supplement the efforts of the medical profession in the promotion of health and prevention of illness B. To enhance the capacity of individuals, families and communities to cope with their health needs C. To increase the productivity of the people by providing them with services that will increase their level of health D. To contribute to national development through promotion of family welfare, focusing particularly on mothers and children. Answer: (B) To enhance the capacity of individuals, families and communities to cope with their health needs To contribute to national development through promotion of family welfare, focusing particularly on mothers and children. 2. CHN is a community-based practice. Which best explains this statement? A. The service is provided in the natural environment of people. B. The nurse has to conduct community diagnosis to determine nursing needs and problems. C. The services are based on the available resources within the community. D. Priority setting is based on the magnitude of the health problems identified. Answer: A. The service is provided in the natural environment of people. Community-based practice means providing care to people in their own natural environments: the home, school and workplace, for example.

3. Population-focused nursing practice requires which of the following processes? A. Community organizing B. Nursing process C. Community diagnosis D. Epidemiologic process Answer: (C) Community diagnosis Population-focused nursing care means providing care based on the greater need of the majority of the population. The greater need is identified through community diagnosis. 4. R.A. 1054 is also known as the Occupational Health Act. Aside from number of employees, what other factor must be considered in determining the occupational health privileges to which the workers will be entitled? A. Type of occupation: agricultural, commercial, industrial B. Location of the workplace in relation to health facilities C. Classification of the business enterprise based on net profit D. Sex and age composition of employees Answer: (B) Location of the workplace in relation to health facilities Based on R.A. 1054, an occupational nurse must be employed when there are 30 to 100 employees and the workplace is more than 1 km. away from the nearest health center. 5. A business firm must employ an occupational health nurse when it has at least how many employees? A. 21 B. 101

C. 201 D. 301 Answer: (B) 101 Again, this is based on R.A. 1054. 6. When the occupational health nurse employs ergonomic principles, she is performing which of her roles? A. Health care provider B. Health educator C. Health care coordinator D. Environmental manager Answer: (D) Environmental manager Ergonomics is improving efficiency of workers by improving the worker’s environment through appropriately designed furniture, for example. 7. A garment factory does not have an occupational nurse. Who shall provide the occupational health needs of the factory workers? A. Occupational health nurse at the Provincial Health Office B. Physician employed by the factory C. Public health nurse of the RHU of their municipality D. Rural sanitary inspector of the RHU of their municipality Answer: (C) Public health nurse of the RHU of their municipality You’re right! This question is based on R.A.1054. 8. “Public health services are given free of charge.” Is this statement true or false? A. The statement is true; it is the responsibility of government to provide basic services. B. The statement is false; people pay indirectly for public health services. C. The statement may be true or false, depending on the specific service required. D. The statement may be true or false, depending on policies of the government concerned. Answer: (B) The statement is false; people pay indirectly for public health services. Community health services, including public health services, are pre-paid services, though taxation, for example. 9. According to C.E.Winslow, which of the following is the goal of Public Health? A. For people to attain their birthrights of health and longevity B. For promotion of health and prevention of disease C. For people to have access to basic health services D. For people to be organized in their health efforts Answer: (A) For people to attain their birthrights of health and longevity According to Winslow, all public health efforts are for people to realize their birthrights of health and longevity. 10. We say that a Filipino has attained longevity when he is able to reach the average lifespan of Filipinos. What other statistic may be used to determine attainment of longevity? A. Age-specific mortality rate B. Proportionate mortality rate C. Swaroop’s index D. Case fatality rate

Answer: (C) Swaroop’s index Swaroop’s index is the percentage of the deaths aged 50 years or older. Its inverse represents the percentage of untimely deaths (those who died younger than 50 years). 11. Which of the following is the most prominent feature of public health nursing? A. It involves providing home care to sick people who are not confined in the hospital. B. Services are provided free of charge to people within the catchment area. C. The public health nurse functions as part of a team providing a public health nursing services. D. Public health nursing focuses on preventive, not curative, services. Answer: (D) Public health nursing focuses on preventive, not curative, services. The catchment area in PHN consists of a residential community, many of whom are well individuals who have greater need for preventive rather than curative services. 12. According to Margaret Shetland, the philosophy of public health nursing is based on which of the following? A. Health and longevity as birthrights B. The mandate of the state to protect the birthrights of its citizens C. Public health nursing as a specialized field of nursing D. The worth and dignity of man Answer: (D) The worth and dignity of man This is a direct quote from Dr. Margaret Shetland’s statements on Public Health Nursing. 13. Which of the following is the mission of the Department of Health? A. Health for all Filipinos B. Ensure the accessibility and quality of health care C. Improve the general health status of the population D. Health in the hands of the Filipino people by the year 2020 Answer: (B) Ensure the accessibility and quality of health care (none) 14. Region IV Hospital is classified as what level of facility? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Intermediate D. Tertiary Answer: (D) Tertiary Regional hospitals are tertiary facilities because they serve as training hospitals for the region. 15. Which is true of primary facilities? A. They are usually government-run. B. Their services are provided on an out-patient basis. C. They are training facilities for health professionals. D. A community hospital is an example of this level of health facilities. Answer: (B) Their services are provided on an out-patient basis.

Primary facilities government and non-government facilities that provide basic out-patient services. 16. Which is an example of the school nurse’s health care provider functions? A. Requesting for BCG from the RHU for school entrant immunization B. Conducting random classroom inspection during a measles epidemic C. Taking remedial action on an accident hazard in the school playground D. Observing places in the school where pupils spend their free time Answer: (B) Conducting random classroom inspection during a measles epidemic Random classroom inspection is assessment of pupils/students and teachers for signs of a health problem prevalent in the community. 17. When the nurse determines whether resources were maximized in implementing Ligtas Tigdas, she is evaluating A. Effectiveness B. Efficiency C. Adequacy D. Appropriateness Answer: (B) Efficiency Efficiency is determining whether the goals were attained at the least possible cost. 18. You are a new B.S.N. graduate. You want to become a Public Health Nurse. Where will you apply? A. Department of Health B. Provincial Health Office C. Regional Health Office D. Rural Health Unit Answer: (D) Rural Health Unit R.A. 7160 devolved basic health services to local government units (LGU’s ). The public health nurse is an employee of the LGU. 19. R.A. 7160 mandates devolution of basic services from the national government to local government units. Which of the following is the major goal of devolution? A. To strengthen local government units B. To allow greater autonomy to local government units C. To empower the people and promote their selfreliance D. To make basic services more accessible to the people Answer: (C) To empower the people and promote their self-reliance People empowerment is the basic motivation behind devolution of basic services to LGU’s. 20. Who is the Chairman of the Municipal Health Board? A. Mayor B. Municipal Health Officer C. Public Health Nurse D. Any qualified physician Answer: (A) Mayor The local executive serves as the chairman of the Municipal Health Board.

21. Which level of health facility is the usual point of entry of a client into the health care delivery system? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Intermediate D. Tertiary Answer: (A) Primary The entry of a person into the health care delivery system is usually through a consultation in outpatient services. 22. The public health nurse is the supervisor of rural health midwives. Which of the following is a supervisory function of the public health nurse? A. Referring cases or patients to the midwife B. Providing technical guidance to the midwife C. Providing nursing care to cases referred by the midwife D. Formulating and implementing training programs for midwives Answer: (B) Providing technical guidance to the midwife The nurse provides technical guidance to the midwife in the care of clients, particularly in the implementation of management guidelines, as in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. 23. One of the participants in a hilot training class asked you to whom she should refer a patient in labor who develops a complication. You will answer, to the A. Public Health Nurse B. Rural Health Midwife C. Municipal Health Officer D. Any of these health professionals Answer: (C) Municipal Health Officer A public health nurse and rural health midwife can provide care during normal childbirth. A physician should attend to a woman with a complication during labor. 24. You are the public health nurse in a municipality with a total population of about 20,000. There are 3 rural health midwives among the RHU personnel. How many more midwife items will the RHU need? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. The RHU does not need any more midwife item. Answer: (A) 1 Each rural health midwife is given a population assignment of about 5,000. 25. If the RHU needs additional midwife items, you will submit the request for additional midwife items for approval to the A. Rural Health Unit B. District Health Office C. Provincial Health Office D. Municipal Health Board Answer: (D) Municipal Health Board As mandated by R.A. 7160, basic health services have been devolved from the national government to local government units. 26. As an epidemiologist, the nurse is responsible for reporting cases of notifiable diseases. What law mandates reporting of cases of notifiable diseases? A. Act 3573

B. R.A. 3753 C. R.A. 1054 D. R.A. 1082

B. Community organization C. Follow-up/extension D. Core group formation

Answer: (A) Act 3573 Act 3573, the Law on Reporting of Communicable Diseases, enacted in 1929, mandated the reporting of diseases listed in the law to the nearest health station.

Answer: (B) Community organization Community organization is the step when community assemblies take place. During the community assembly, the people may opt to formalize the community organization and make plans for community action to resolve a community health problem.

27. According to Freeman and Heinrich, community health nursing is a developmental service. Which of the following best illustrates this statement? A. The community health nurse continuously develops himself personally and professionally. B. Health education and community organizing are necessary in providing community health services. C. Community health nursing is intended primarily for health promotion and prevention and treatment of disease. D. The goal of community health nursing is to provide nursing services to people in their own places of residence. Answer: (B) Health education and community organizing are necessary in providing community health services. The community health nurse develops the health capability of people through health education and community organizing activities. 28. Which disease was declared through Presidential Proclamation No. 4 as a target for eradication in the Philippines? A. Poliomyelitis B. Measles C. Rabies D. Neonatal tetanus Answer: (B) Measles Presidential Proclamation No. 4 is on the Ligtas Tigdas Program. 29. The public health nurse is responsible for presenting the municipal health statistics using graphs and tables. To compare the frequency of the leading causes of mortality in the municipality, which graph will you prepare? A. Line B. Bar C. Pie D. Scatter diagram Answer: (B) Bar A bar graph is used to present comparison of values, a line graph for trends over time or age, a pie graph for population composition or distribution, and a scatter diagram for correlation of two variables. 30. Which step in community organizing involves training of potential leaders in the community? A. Integration B. Community organization C. Community study D. Core group formation Answer: (D) Core group formation In core group formation, the nurse is able to transfer the technology of community organizing to the potential or informal community leaders through a training program. 31. In which step are plans formulated for solving community problems? A. Mobilization

32. The public health nurse takes an active role in community participation. What is the primary goal of community organizing? A. To educate the people regarding community health problems B. To mobilize the people to resolve community health problems C. To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with health problems D. To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with health problems Answer: (D) To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with health problems Community organizing is a developmental service, with the goal of developing the people’s self-reliance in dealing with community health problems. A, B and C are objectives of contributory objectives to this goal. 33. An indicator of success in community organizing is when people are able to A. Participate in community activities for the solution of a community problem B. Implement activities for the solution of the community problem C. Plan activities for the solution of the community problem D. Identify the health problem as a common concern Answer: (A) Participate in community activities for the solution of a community problem Participation in community activities in resolving a community problem may be in any of the processes mentioned in the other choices. 34. Tertiary prevention is needed in which stage of the natural history of disease? A. Pre-pathogenesis B. Pathogenesis C. Prodromal D. Terminal Answer: (D) Terminal Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation, prevention of permanent disability and disability limitation appropriate for convalescents, the disabled, complicated cases and the terminally ill (those in the terminal stage of a disease) 35. Isolation of a child with measles belongs to what level of prevention? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Intermediate D. Tertiary Answer: (A) Primary The purpose of isolating a client with a communicable disease is to protect those who are not sick (specific disease prevention).

36. On the other hand, Operation Timbang is _____ prevention. A. Primary B. Secondary C. Intermediate D. Tertiary

B. The plan should revolve around family health needs. C. A home visit should be conducted in the manner prescribed by the RHU. D. Planning of continuing care should involve a responsible family member.

Answer: (B) Secondary Operation Timbang is done to identify members of the susceptible population who are malnourished. Its purpose is early diagnosis and, subsequently, prompt treatment.

Answer: (C) A home visit should be conducted in the manner prescribed by the RHU. The home visit plan should be flexible and practical, depending on factors, such as the family’s needs and the resources available to the nurse and the family.

37. Which type of family-nurse contact will provide you with the best opportunity to observe family dynamics? A. Clinic consultation B. Group conference C. Home visit D. Written communication

42. The PHN bag is an important tool in providing nursing care during a home visit. The most important principle of bag technique states that it A. Should save time and effort. B. Should minimize if not totally prevent the spread of infection. C. Should not overshadow concern for the patient and his family. D. May be done in a variety of ways depending on the home situation, etc.

Answer: (C) Home visit Dynamics of family relationships can best be observed in the family’s natural environment, which is the home. 38. The typology of family nursing problems is used in the statement of nursing diagnosis in the care of families. The youngest child of the de los Reyes family has been diagnosed as mentally retarded. This is classified as a A. Health threat B. Health deficit C. Foreseeable crisis D. Stress point Answer: (B) Health deficit Failure of a family member to develop according to what is expected, as in mental retardation, is a health deficit. 39. The de los Reyes couple have a 6-year old child entering school for the first time. The de los Reyes family has a A. Health threat B. Health deficit C. Foreseeable crisis D. Stress point Answer: (C) Foreseeable crisis Entry of the 6-year old into school is an anticipated period of unusual demand on the family. 40. Which of the following is an advantage of a home visit? A. It allows the nurse to provide nursing care to a greater number of people. B. It provides an opportunity to do first hand appraisal of the home situation. C. It allows sharing of experiences among people with similar health problems. D. It develops the family’s initiative in providing for health needs of its members. Answer: (B) It provides an opportunity to do first hand appraisal of the home situation. Choice A is not correct since a home visit requires that the nurse spend so much time with the family. Choice C is an advantage of a group conference, while choice D is true of a clinic consultation. 41. Which is CONTRARY to the principles in planning a home visit? A. A home visit should have a purpose or objective.

Answer: (B) Should minimize if not totally prevent the spread of infection. Bag technique is performed before and after handling a client in the home to prevent transmission of infection to and from the client. 43. To maintain the cleanliness of the bag and its contents, which of the following must the nurse do? A. Wash his/her hands before and after providing nursing care to the family members. B. In the care of family members, as much as possible, use only articles taken from the bag. C. Put on an apron to protect her uniform and fold it with the right side out before putting it back into the bag. D. At the end of the visit, fold the lining on which the bag was placed, ensuring that the contaminated side is on the outside. Answer: (A) Wash his/her hands before and after providing nursing care to the family members. Choice B goes against the idea of utilizing the family’s resources, which is encouraged in CHN. Choices C and D goes against the principle of asepsis of confining the contaminated surface of objects. 44. The public health nurse conducts a study on the factors contributing to the high mortality rate due to heart disease in the municipality where she works. Which branch of epidemiology does the nurse practice in this situation? A. Descriptive B. Analytical C. Therapeutic D. Evaluation Answer: (B) Analytical Analytical epidemiology is the study of factors or determinants affecting the patterns of occurrence and distribution of disease in a community. 45. Which of the following is a function of epidemiology? A. Identifying the disease condition based on manifestations presented by a client B. Determining factors that contributed to the occurrence of pneumonia in a 3 year old C. Determining the efficacy of the antibiotic used in the treatment of the 3 year old client with pneumonia D. Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation

of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Answer: (D) Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Epidemiology is used in the assessment of a community or evaluation of interventions in community health practice. 46. Which of the following is an epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic? A. Conducting assessment of suspected cases to detect the communicable disease B. Monitoring the condition of the cases affected by the communicable disease C. Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic D. Teaching the community on preventive measures against the disease Answer: (C) Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic Epidemiology is the study of patterns of occurrence and distribution of disease in the community, as well as the factors that affect disease patterns. The purpose of an epidemiologic investigation is to identify the source of an epidemic, i.e., what brought about the epidemic.

number of cases of the disease at the same time of the year, as well as establishing the relatedness of the cases of the disease. 50. The number of cases of Dengue fever usually increases towards the end of the rainy season. This pattern of occurrence of Dengue fever is best described as A. Epidemic occurrence B. Cyclical variation C. Sporadic occurrence D. Secular variation Answer: (B) Cyclical variation A cyclical variation is a periodic fluctuation in the number of cases of a disease in the community. 51. In the year 1980, the World Health Organization declared the Philippines, together with some other countries in the Western Pacific Region, “free” of which disease? A. Pneumonic plague B. Poliomyelitis C. Small pox D. Anthrax Answer: (C) Small pox The last documented case of Small pox was in 1977 at Somalia.

47. The primary purpose of conducting an epidemiologic investigation is to A. Delineate the etiology of the epidemic B. Encourage cooperation and support of the community C. Identify groups who are at risk of contracting the disease D. Identify geographical location of cases of the disease in the community

52. In the census of the Philippines in 1995, there were about 35,299,000 males and about 34,968,000 females. What is the sex ratio? A. 99.06:100 B. 100.94:100 C. 50.23% D. 49.76%

Answer: (A) Delineate the etiology of the epidemic

Answer: (B) 100.94:100 Sex ratio is the number of males for every 100 females in the population.

Delineating the etiology of an epidemic is identifying its source. 48. Which is a characteristic of person-to-person propagated epidemics? A. There are more cases of the disease than expected. B. The disease must necessarily be transmitted through a vector. C. The spread of the disease can be attributed to a common vehicle. D. There is a gradual build up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily noticeable. Answer: (D) There is a gradual build up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily noticeable. A gradual or insidious onset of the epidemic is usually observable in person-to-person propagated epidemics. 49. In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the disease with the usual frequency at this time of the year in this community. This is done during which stage of the investigation? A. Establishing the epidemic B. Testing the hypothesis C. Formulation of the hypothesis D. Appraisal of facts Answer: (A) Establishing the epidemic Establishing the epidemic is determining whether there is an epidemic or not. This is done by comparing the present number of cases with the usual

53. Primary health care is a total approach to community development. Which of the following is an indicator of success in the use of the primary health care approach? A. Health services are provided free of charge to individuals and families. B. Local officials are empowered as the major decision makers in matters of health. C. Health workers are able to provide care based on identified health needs of the people. D. Health programs are sustained according to the level of development of the community. Answer: (D) Health programs are sustained according to the level of development of the community. Primary health care is essential health care that can be sustained in all stages of development of the community. 54. Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients would sometimes get false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination? A. Effectiveness B. Efficacy C. Specificity D. Sensitivity Answer: (D) Sensitivity Sensitivity is the capacity of a diagnostic examination

to detect cases of the disease. If a test is 100% sensitive, all the cases tested will have a positive result, i.e., there will be no false negative results. 55. Use of appropriate technology requires knowledge of indigenous technology. Which medicinal herb is given for fever, headache and cough? A. Sambong B. Tsaang gubat C. Akapulko D. Lagundi Answer: (D) Lagundi Sambong is used as a diuretic. Tsaang gubat is used to relieve diarrhea. Akapulko is used for its antifungal property. 56. What law created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care? A. R.A. 8423 B. R.A. 4823 C. R.A. 2483 D. R.A. 3482 Answer: (A) R.A. 8423 (none) 57. In traditional Chinese medicine, the yielding, negative and feminine force is termed A. Yin B. Yang C. Qi D. Chai Answer: (A) Yin Yang is the male dominating, positive and masculine force. 58. What is the legal basis for Primary Health Care approach in the Philippines? A. Alma Ata Declaration on PHC B. Letter of Instruction No. 949 C. Presidential Decree No. 147 D. Presidential Decree 996 Answer: (B) Letter of Instruction No. 949 Letter of Instruction 949 was issued by then President Ferdinand Marcos, directing the formerly called Ministry of Health, now the Department of Health, to utilize Primary Health Care approach in planning and implementing health programs. 59. Which of the following demonstrates intersectoral linkages? A. Two-way referral system B. Team approach C. Endorsement done by a midwife to another midwife D. Cooperation between the PHN and public school teacher Answer: (D) Cooperation between the PHN and public school teacher Intersectoral linkages refer to working relationships between the health sector and other sectors involved in community development. 60. The municipality assigned to you has a population of about 20,000. Estimate the number of 1-4 year old children who will be given Retinol capsule 200,000 I.U. every 6 months. A. 1,500 B. 1,800

C. 2,000 D. 2,300 Answer: (D) 2,300 Based on the Philippine population composition, to estimate the number of 1-4 year old children, multiply total population by 11.5%. 61. Estimate the number of pregnant women who will be given tetanus toxoid during an immunization outreach activity in a barangay with a population of about 1,500. A. 265 B. 300 C. 375 D. 400 Answer: (A) 265 To estimate the number of pregnant women, multiply the total population by 3.5%. 62. To describe the sex composition of the population, which demographic tool may be used? A. Sex ratio B. Sex proportion C. Population pyramid D. Any of these may be used. Answer: (D) Any of these may be used. Sex ratio and sex proportion are used to determine the sex composition of a population. A population pyramid is used to present the composition of a population by age and sex. 63. Which of the following is a natality rate? A. Crude birth rate B. Neonatal mortality rate C. Infant mortality rate D. General fertility rate Answer: (A) Crude birth rate Natality means birth. A natality rate is a birth rate. 64. You are computing the crude death rate of your municipality, with a total population of about 18,000, for last year. There were 94 deaths. Among those who died, 20 died because of diseases of the heart and 32 were aged 50 years or older. What is the crude death rate? A. 4.2/1,000 B. 5.2/1,000 C. 6.3/1,000 D. 7.3/1,000 Answer: (B) 5.2/1,000 To compute crude death rate divide total number of deaths (94) by total population (18,000) and multiply by 1,000. 65. Knowing that malnutrition is a frequent community health problem, you decided to conduct nutritional assessment. What population is particularly susceptible to protein energy malnutrition (PEM)? A. Pregnant women and the elderly B. Under-5 year old children C. 1-4 year old children D. School age children Answer: (C) 1-4 year old children Preschoolers are the most susceptible to PEM because they have generally been weaned. Also, this is the population who, unable to feed themselves, are

often the victims of poor intrafamilial food distribution. 66. Which statistic can give the most accurate reflection of the health status of a community? A. 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate B. Infant mortality rate C. Swaroop’s index D. Crude death rate Answer: (C) Swaroop’s index Swaroop’s index is the proportion of deaths aged 50 years and above. The higher the Swaroop’s index of a population, the greater the proportion of the deaths who were able to reach the age of at least 50 years, i.e., more people grew old before they died. 67. In the past year, Barangay A had an average population of 1655. 46 babies were born in that year, 2 of whom died less than 4 weeks after they were born. There were 4 recorded stillbirths. What is the neonatal mortality rate? A. 27.8/1,000 B. 43.5/1,000 C. 86.9/1,000 D. 130.4/1,000 Answer: (B) 43.5/1,000 To compute for neonatal mortality rate, divide the number of babies who died before reaching the age of 28 days by the total number of live births, then multiply by 1,000. 68. Which statistic best reflects the nutritional status of a population? A. 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate B. Proportionate mortality rate C. Infant mortality rate D. Swaroop’s index Answer: (A) 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate Since preschoolers are the most susceptible to the effects of malnutrition, a population with poor nutritional status will most likely have a high 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate, also known as child mortality rate. 69. What numerator is used in computing general fertility rate? A. Estimated midyear population B. Number of registered live births C. Number of pregnancies in the year D. Number of females of reproductive age Answer: (B) Number of registered live births To compute for general or total fertility rate, divide the number of registered live births by the number of females of reproductive age (15-45 years), then multiply by 1,000. 70. You will gather data for nutritional assessment of a purok. You will gather information only from families with members who belong to the target population for PEM. What method of data gathering is best for this purpose? A. Census B. Survey C. Record review D. Review of civil registry Answer: (B) Survey A survey, also called sample survey, is data gathering about a sample of the population.

71. In the conduct of a census, the method of population assignment based on the actual physical location of the people is termed A. De jure B. De locus C. De facto D. De novo Answer: (C) De facto The other method of population assignment, de jure, is based on the usual place of residence of the people. 72. The Field Health Services and Information System (FHSIS) is the recording and reporting system in public health care in the Philippines. The Monthly Field Health Service Activity Report is a form used in which of the components of the FHSIS? A. Tally report B. Output report C. Target/client list D. Individual health record Answer: (A) Tally report A tally report is prepared monthly or quarterly by the RHU personnel and transmitted to the Provincial Health Office. 73. To monitor clients registered in long-term regimens, such as the Multi-Drug Therapy, which component will be most useful? A. Tally report B. Output report C. Target/client list D. Individual health record Answer: (C) Target/client list The MDT Client List is a record of clients enrolled in MDT and other relevant data, such as dates when clients collected their monthly supply of drugs. 74. Civil registries are important sources of data. Which law requires registration of births within 30 days from the occurrence of the birth? A. P.D. 651 B. Act 3573 C. R.A. 3753 D. R.A. 3375 Answer: (A) P.D. 651 P.D. 651 amended R.A. 3753, requiring the registry of births within 30 days from their occurrence. 75. Which of the following professionals can sign the birth certificate? A. Public health nurse B. Rural health midwife C. Municipal health officer D. Any of these health professionals Answer: (D) Any of these health professionals D. R.A. 3753 states that any birth attendant may sign the certificate of live birth. 76. Which criterion in priority setting of health problems is used only in community health care? A. Modifiability of the problem B. Nature of the problem presented C. Magnitude of the health problem D. Preventive potential of the health problem Answer: (C) Magnitude of the health problem Magnitude of the problem refers to the percentage of the population affected by a health problem. The

other choices are criteria considered in both family and community health care. 77. The Sentrong Sigla Movement has been launched to improve health service delivery. Which of the following is/are true of this movement? A. This is a project spearheaded by local government units. B. It is a basis for increasing funding from local government units. C. It encourages health centers to focus on disease prevention and control. D. Its main strategy is certification of health centers able to comply with standards. Answer: (D) Its main strategy is certification of health centers able to comply with standards. Sentrong Sigla Movement is a joint project of the DOH and local government units. Its main strategy is certification of health centers that are able to comply with standards set by the DOH. 78. Which of the following women should be considered as special targets for family planning? A. Those who have two children or more B. Those with medical conditions such as anemia C. Those younger than 20 years and older than 35 years D. Those who just had a delivery within the past 15 months Answer: (D) Those who just had a delivery within the past 15 months The ideal birth spacing is at least two years. 15 months plus 9 months of pregnancy = 2 years. 79. Freedom of choice is one of the policies of the Family Planning Program of the Philippines. Which of the following illustrates this principle? A. Information dissemination about the need for family planning B. Support of research and development in family planning methods C. Adequate information for couples regarding the different methods D. Encouragement of couples to take family planning as a joint responsibility Answer: (C) Adequate information for couples regarding the different methods To enable the couple to choose freely among different methods of family planning, they must be given full information regarding the different methods that are available to them, considering the availability of quality services that can support their choice. 80. A woman, 6 months pregnant, came to the center for consultation. Which of the following substances is contraindicated? A. Tetanus toxoid B. Retinol 200,000 IU C. Ferrous sulfate 200 mg D. Potassium iodate 200 mg. capsule Answer: (B) Retinol 200,000 IU Retinol 200,000 IU is a form of megadose Vitamin A. This may have a teratogenic effect. 81. During prenatal consultation, a client asked you if she can have her delivery at home. After history taking and physical examination, you advised her against a home delivery. Which of the following findings disqualifies her for a home delivery?

A. Her OB score is G5P3. B. She has some palmar pallor. C. Her blood pressure is 130/80. D. Her baby is in cephalic presentation. Answer: (A) Her OB score is G5P3. Only women with less than 5 pregnancies are qualified for a home delivery. It is also advisable for a primigravida to have delivery at a childbirth facility. 82. Inadequate intake by the pregnant woman of which vitamin may cause neural tube defects? A. Niacin B. Riboflavin C. Folic acid D. Thiamine Answer: (C) Folic acid It is estimated that the incidence of neural tube defects can be reduced drastically if pregnant women have an adequate intake of folic acid. 83. You are in a client’s home to attend to a delivery. Which of the following will you do first? A. Set up the sterile area. B. Put on a clean gown or apron. C. Cleanse the client’s vulva with soap and water. D. Note the interval, duration and intensity of labor contractions. Answer: (D) Note the interval, duration and intensity of labor contractions. Assessment of the woman should be done first to determine whether she is having true labor and, if so, what stage of labor she is in. 84. In preparing a primigravida for breastfeeding, which of the following will you do? A. Tell her that lactation begins within a day after delivery. B. Teach her nipple stretching exercises if her nipples are everted. C. Instruct her to wash her nipples before and after each breastfeeding. D. Explain to her that putting the baby to breast will lessen blood loss after delivery. Answer: (D) Explain to her that putting the baby to breast will lessen blood loss after delivery. Suckling of the nipple stimulates the release of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary gland, which causes uterine contraction. Lactation begins 1 to 3 days after delivery. Nipple stretching exercises are done when the nipples are flat or inverted. Frequent washing dries up the nipples, making them prone to the formation of fissures. 85. A primigravida is instructed to offer her breast to the baby for the first time within 30 minutes after delivery. What is the purpose of offering the breast this early? A. To initiate the occurrence of milk letdown B. To stimulate milk production by the mammary acini C. To make sure that the baby is able to get the colostrum D. To allow the woman to practice breastfeeding in the presence of the health worker Answer: (B) To stimulate milk production by the mammary acini Suckling of the nipple stimulates prolactin reflex (the

release of prolactin by the anterior pituitary gland), which initiates lactation. 86. In a mothers’ class, you discuss proper breastfeeding technique. Which is of these is a sign that the baby has “latched on” to the breast properly? A. The baby takes shallow, rapid sucks. B. The mother does not feel nipple pain. C. The baby’s mouth is only partly open. D. Only the mother’s nipple is inside the baby’s mouth.

A. P.D. 996 B. R.A. 7846 C. Presidential Proclamation No. 6 D. Presidential Proclamation No. 46 Answer: (A) P.D. 996 Presidential Decree 996, enacted in 1976, made immunization in the EPI compulsory for children under 8 years of age. Hepatitis B vaccination was made compulsory for the same age group by R.A. 7846.

Answer: (B) The mother does not feel nipple pain. When the baby has properly latched on to the breast, he takes deep, slow sucks; his mouth is wide open; and much of the areola is inside his mouth. And, you’re right! The mother does not feel nipple pain.

92. Which immunization produces a permanent scar? A. DPT B. BCG C. Measles vaccination D. Hepatitis B vaccination

87. You explain to a breastfeeding mother that breast milk is sufficient for all of the baby’s nutrient needs only up to ____. A. 3 months B. 6 months C. 1 year D. 2 years

Answer: (B) BCG BCG causes the formation of a superficial abscess, which begins 2 weeks after immunization. The abscess heals without treatment, with the formation of a permanent scar.

Answer: (B) 6 months After 6 months, the baby’s nutrient needs, especially the baby’s iron requirement, can no longer be provided by mother’s milk alone. 88. What is given to a woman within a month after the delivery of a baby? A. Malunggay capsule B. Ferrous sulfate 100 mg. OD C. Retinol 200,000 I.U., 1 capsule D. Potassium iodate 200 mg, 1 capsule Answer: (C) Retinol 200,000 I.U., 1 capsule A capsule of Retinol 200,000 IU is given within 1 month after delivery. Potassium iodate is given during pregnancy; malunggay capsule is not routinely administered after delivery; and ferrous sulfate is taken for two months after delivery. 89. Which biological used in Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is stored in the freezer? A. DPT B. Tetanus toxoid C. Measles vaccine D. Hepatitis B vaccine Answer: (C) Measles vaccine Among the biologicals used in the Expanded Program on Immunization, measles vaccine and OPV are highly sensitive to heat, requiring storage in the freezer. 90. Unused BCG should be discarded how many hours after reconstitution? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. At the end of the day Answer: (B) 4 While the unused portion of other biologicals in EPI may be given until the end of the day, only BCG is discarded 4 hours after reconstitution. This is why BCG immunization is scheduled only in the morning. 91. In immunizing school entrants with BCG, you are not obliged to secure parental consent. This is because of which legal document?

93. A 4-week old baby was brought to the health center for his first immunization. Which can be given to him? A. DPT1 B. OPV1 C. Infant BCG D. Hepatitis B vaccine 1 Answer: (C) Infant BCG Infant BCG may be given at birth. All the other immunizations mentioned can be given at 6 weeks of age. 94. You will not give DPT 2 if the mother says that the infant had A. Seizures a day after DPT 1. B. Fever for 3 days after DPT 1. C. Abscess formation after DPT 1. D. Local tenderness for 3 days after DPT 1. Answer: (A) Seizures a day after DPT 1. Seizures within 3 days after administration of DPT is an indication of hypersensitivity to pertussis vaccine, a component of DPT. This is considered a specific contraindication to subsequent doses of DPT. 95. A 2-month old infant was brought to the health center for immunization. During assessment, the infant’s temperature registered at 38.1°C. Which is the best course of action that you will take? A. Go on with the infant’s immunizations. B. Give Paracetamol and wait for his fever to subside. C. Refer the infant to the physician for further assessment. D. Advise the infant’s mother to bring him back for immunization when he is well. Answer: (A) Go on with the infant’s immunizations. In the EPI, fever up to 38.5°C is not a contraindication to immunization. Mild acute respiratory tract infection, simple diarrhea and malnutrition are not contraindications either. 96. A pregnant woman had just received her 4th dose of tetanus toxoid. Subsequently, her baby will have protection against tetanus for how long? A. 1 year B. 3 years

C. 10 years D. Lifetime Answer: (A) 1 year The baby will have passive natural immunity by placental transfer of antibodies. The mother will have active artificial immunity lasting for about 10 years. 5 doses will give the mother lifetime protection. 97. A 4-month old infant was brought to the health center because of cough. Her respiratory rate is 42/minute. Using the Integrated Management of Child Illness (IMCI) guidelines of assessment, her breathing is considered A. Fast B. Slow C. Normal D. Insignificant Answer: (C) Normal In IMCI, a respiratory rate of 50/minute or more is fast breathing for an infant aged 2 to 12 months. 98. Which of the following signs will indicate that a young child is suffering from severe pneumonia? A. Dyspnea B. Wheezing C. Fast breathing D. Chest indrawing Answer: (D) Chest indrawing In IMCI, chest indrawing is used as the positive sign of dyspnea, indicating severe pneumonia. 99. Using IMCI guidelines, you classify a child as having severe pneumonia. What is the best management for the child? A. Prescribe an antibiotic. B. Refer him urgently to the hospital. C. Instruct the mother to increase fluid intake. D. Instruct the mother to continue breastfeeding. Answer: (B) Refer him urgently to the hospital. Severe pneumonia requires urgent referral to a hospital. Answers A, C and D are done for a client classified as having pneumonia. 100. A 5-month old infant was brought by his mother to the health center because of diarrhea occurring 4 to 5 times a day. His skin goes back slowly after a skin pinch and his eyes are sunken. Using the IMCI guidelines, you will classify this infant in which category? A. No signs of dehydration B. Some dehydration C. Severe dehydration D. The data is insufficient. Answer: (B) Some dehydration Using the assessment guidelines of IMCI, a child (2 months to 5 years old) with diarrhea is classified as having SOME DEHYDRATION if he shows 2 or more of the following signs: restless or irritable, sunken eyes, the skin goes back slow after a skin pinch. 101. Based on assessment, you classified a 3-month old infant with the chief complaint of diarrhea in the category of SOME DEHYDRATION. Based on IMCI management guidelines, which of the following will you do? A. Bring the infant to the nearest facility where IV fluids can be given. B. Supervise the mother in giving 200 to 400 ml. of

Oresol in 4 hours. C. Give the infant’s mother instructions on home management. D. Keep the infant in your health center for close observation. Answer: (B) Supervise the mother in giving 200 to 400 ml. of Oresol in 4 hours. In the IMCI management guidelines, SOME DEHYDRATION is treated with the administration of Oresol within a period of 4 hours. The amount of Oresol is best computed on the basis of the child’s weight (75 ml/kg body weight). If the weight is unknown, the amount of Oresol is based on the child’s age. 102. A mother is using Oresol in the management of diarrhea of her 3-year old child. She asked you what to do if her child vomits. You will tell her to A. Bring the child to the nearest hospital for further assessment. B. Bring the child to the health center for intravenous fluid therapy. C. Bring the child to the health center for assessment by the physician. D. Let the child rest for 10 minutes then continue giving Oresol more slowly. Answer: (D) Let the child rest for 10 minutes then continue giving Oresol more slowly. If the child vomits persistently, that is, he vomits everything that he takes in, he has to be referred urgently to a hospital. Otherwise, vomiting is managed by letting the child rest for 10 minutes and then continuing with Oresol administration. Teach the mother to give Oresol more slowly. 103. A 1 ½ year old child was classified as having 3rd degree protein energy malnutrition, kwashiorkor. Which of the following signs will be most apparent in this child? A. Voracious appetite B. Wasting C. Apathy D. Edema Answer: (D) Edema Edema, a major sign of kwashiorkor, is caused by decreased colloidal osmotic pressure of the blood brought about by hypoalbuminemia. Decreased blood albumin level is due a protein-deficient diet. 104. Assessment of a 2-year old child revealed “baggy pants”. Using the IMCI guidelines, how will you manage this child? A. Refer the child urgently to a hospital for confinement. B. Coordinate with the social worker to enroll the child in a feeding program. C. Make a teaching plan for the mother, focusing on menu planning for her child. D. Assess and treat the child for health problems like infections and intestinal parasitism. Answer: (A) Refer the child urgently to a hospital for confinement. “Baggy pants” is a sign of severe marasmus. The best management is urgent referral to a hospital. 105. During the physical examination of a young child, what is the earliest sign of xerophthalmia that you may observe? A. Keratomalacia B. Corneal opacity C. Night blindness

D. Conjunctival xerosis Answer: (D) Conjunctival xerosis The earliest sign of Vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia) is night blindness. However, this is a functional change, which is not observable during physical examination.The earliest visible lesion is conjunctival xerosis or dullness of the conjunctiva due to inadequate tear production. 106. To prevent xerophthalmia, young children are given Retinol capsule every 6 months. What is the dose given to preschoolers? A. 10,000 IU B. 20,000 IU C. 100,000 IU D. 200,000 IU Answer: (D) 200,000 IU Preschoolers are given Retinol 200,000 IU every 6 months. 100,000 IU is given once to infants aged 6 to 12 months. The dose for pregnant women is 10,000 IU. 107. The major sign of iron deficiency anemia is pallor. What part is best examined for pallor? A. Palms B. Nailbeds C. Around the lips D. Lower conjunctival sac Answer: (A) Palms The anatomic characteristics of the palms allow a reliable and convenient basis for examination for pallor. 108. Food fortification is one of the strategies to prevent micronutrient deficiency conditions. R.A. 8976 mandates fortification of certain food items. Which of the following is among these food items? A. Sugar B. Bread C. Margarine D. Filled milk Answer: (A) Sugar R.A. 8976 mandates fortification of rice, wheat flour, sugar and cooking oil with Vitamin A, iron and/or iodine. 109. What is the best course of action when there is a measles epidemic in a nearby municipality? A. Give measles vaccine to babies aged 6 to 8 months. B. Give babies aged 6 to 11 months one dose of 100,000 I.U. of Retinol C. Instruct mothers to keep their babies at home to prevent disease transmission. D. Instruct mothers to feed their babies adequately to enhance their babies’ resistance. Answer: (A) Give measles vaccine to babies aged 6 to 8 months. Ordinarily, measles vaccine is given at 9 months of age. During an impending epidemic, however, one dose may be given to babies aged 6 to 8 months. The mother is instructed that the baby needs another dose when the baby is 9 months old. 110. A mother brought her daughter, 4 years old, to the RHU because of cough and colds. Following the IMCI assessment guide, which of the following is a danger sign that indicates the need for urgent referral to a hospital? A. Inability to drink

B. High grade fever C. Signs of severe dehydration D. Cough for more than 30 days Answer: (A) Inability to drink A sick child aged 2 months to 5 years must be referred urgently to a hospital if he/she has one or more of the following signs: not able to feed or drink, vomits everything, convulsions, abnormally sleepy or difficult to awaken. 111. Management of a child with measles includes the administration of which of the following? A. Gentian violet on mouth lesions B. Antibiotics to prevent pneumonia C. Tetracycline eye ointment for corneal opacity D. Retinol capsule regardless of when the last dose was given Answer: (D) Retinol capsule regardless of when the last dose was given An infant 6 to 12 months classified as a case of measles is given Retinol 100,000 IU; a child is given 200,000 IU regardless of when the last dose was given. 112. A mother brought her 10 month old infant for consultation because of fever, which started 4 days prior to consultation. To determine malaria risk, what will you do? A. Do a tourniquet test. B. Ask where the family resides. C. Get a specimen for blood smear. D. Ask if the fever is present everyday. Answer: (B) Ask where the family resides. Because malaria is endemic, the first question to determine malaria risk is where the client’s family resides. If the area of residence is not a known endemic area, ask if the child had traveled within the past 6 months, where he/she was brought and whether he/she stayed overnight in that area. 113. The following are strategies implemented by the Department of Health to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. Which of these is most effective in the control of Dengue fever? A. Stream seeding with larva-eating fish B. Destroying breeding places of mosquitoes C. Chemoprophylaxis of non-immune persons going to endemic areas D. Teaching people in endemic areas to use chemically treated mosquito nets Answer: (B) Destroying breeding places of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, the vector of Dengue fever, breeds in stagnant, clear water. Its feeding time is usually during the daytime. It has a cyclical pattern of occurrence, unlike malaria which is endemic in certain parts of the country. 114. Secondary prevention for malaria includes A. Planting of neem or eucalyptus trees B. Residual spraying of insecticides at night C. Determining whether a place is endemic or not D. Growing larva-eating fish in mosquito breeding places Answer: (C) Determining whether a place is endemic or not This is diagnostic and therefore secondary level prevention. The other choices are for primary prevention.

115. Scotch tape swab is done to check for which intestinal parasite? A. Ascaris B. Pinworm C. Hookworm D. Schistosoma Answer: (B) Pinworm Pinworm ova are deposited around the anal orifice. 116. Which of the following signs indicates the need for sputum examination for AFB? A. Hematemesis B. Fever for 1 week C. Cough for 3 weeks D. Chest pain for 1 week Answer: (C) Cough for 3 weeks A client is considered a PTB suspect when he has cough for 2 weeks or more, plus one or more of the following signs: fever for 1 month or more; chest pain lasting for 2 weeks or more not attributed to other conditions; progressive, unexplained weight loss; night sweats; and hemoptysis. 117. Which clients are considered targets for DOTS Category I? A. Sputum negative cavitary cases B. Clients returning after a default C. Relapses and failures of previous PTB treatment regimens D. Clients diagnosed for the first time through a positive sputum exam Answer: (D) Clients diagnosed for the first time through a positive sputum exam Category I is for new clients diagnosed by sputum examination and clients diagnosed to have a serious form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, such as TB osteomyelitis. 118. To improve compliance to treatment, what innovation is being implemented in DOTS? A. Having the health worker follow up the client at home B. Having the health worker or a responsible family member monitor drug intake C. Having the patient come to the health center every month to get his medications D. Having a target list to check on whether the patient has collected his monthly supply of drugs Answer: (B) Having the health worker or a responsible family member monitor drug intake Directly Observed Treatment Short Course is socalled because a treatment partner, preferably a health worker accessible to the client, monitors the client’s compliance to the treatment. 119. Diagnosis of leprosy is highly dependent on recognition of symptoms. Which of the following is an early sign of leprosy? A. Macular lesions B. Inability to close eyelids C. Thickened painful nerves D. Sinking of the nosebridge Answer: (C) Thickened painful nerves The lesion of leprosy is not macular. It is characterized by a change in skin color (either reddish or whitish) and loss of sensation, sweating and hair growth over the lesion. Inability to close the

eyelids (lagophthalmos) and sinking of the nosebridge are late symptoms. 120. Which of the following clients should be classified as a case of multibacillary leprosy? A. 3 skin lesions, negative slit skin smear B. 3 skin lesions, positive slit skin smear C. 5 skin lesions, negative slit skin smear D. 5 skin lesions, positive slit skin smear Answer: (D) 5 skin lesions, positive slit skin smear A multibacillary leprosy case is one who has a positive slit skin smear and at least 5 skin lesions. 121. In the Philippines, which condition is the most frequent cause of death associated with schistosomiasis? A. Liver cancer B. Liver cirrhosis C. Bladder cancer D. Intestinal perforation Answer: (B) Liver cirrhosis The etiologic agent of schistosomiasis in the Philippines is Schistosoma japonicum, which affects the small intestine and the liver. Liver damage is a consequence of fibrotic reactions to schistosoma eggs in the liver. 122. What is the most effective way of controlling schistosomiasis in an endemic area? A. Use of molluscicides B. Building of foot bridges C. Proper use of sanitary toilets D. Use of protective footwear, such as rubber boots Answer: (C) Proper use of sanitary toilets The ova of the parasite get out of the human body together with feces. Cutting the cycle at this stage is the most effective way of preventing the spread of the disease to susceptible hosts. 123. When residents obtain water from an artesian well in the neighborhood, the level of this approved type of water facility is A. I B. II C. III D. IV Answer: (B) II A communal faucet or water standpost is classified as Level II. 124. For prevention of hepatitis A, you decided to conduct health education activities. Which of the following is IRRELEVANT? A. Use of sterile syringes and needles B. Safe food preparation and food handling by vendors C. Proper disposal of human excreta and personal hygiene D. Immediate reporting of water pipe leaks and illegal water connections Answer: (A) Use of sterile syringes and needles Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal oral route. Hepatitis B is transmitted through infected body secretions like blood and semen. 126. Which biological used in Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) should NOT be stored in the freezer? A. DPT

B. Oral polio vaccine C. Measles vaccine D. MMR Answer: (A) DPT DPT is sensitive to freezing. The appropriate storage temperature of DPT is 2 to 8° C only. OPV and measles vaccine are highly sensitive to heat and require freezing. MMR is not an immunization in the Expanded Program on Immunization. 127. You will conduct outreach immunization in a barangay with a population of about 1500. Estimate the number of infants in the barangay. A. 45 B. 50 C. 55 D. 60 Answer: (A) 45 To estimate the number of infants, multiply total population by 3%. 128. In Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, severe conditions generally require urgent referral to a hospital. Which of the following severe conditions DOES NOT always require urgent referral to a hospital? A. Mastoiditis B. Severe dehydration C. Severe pneumonia D. Severe febrile disease Answer: (B) Severe dehydration The order of priority in the management of severe dehydration is as follows: intravenous fluid therapy, referral to a facility where IV fluids can be initiated within 30 minutes, Oresol/nasogastric tube, Oresol/orem. When the foregoing measures are not possible or effective, tehn urgent referral to the hospital is done. 129. A client was diagnosed as having Dengue fever. You will say that there is slow capillary refill when the color of the nailbed that you pressed does not return within how many seconds? A. 3 B. 5 C. 8 D. 10 Answer: (A) 3 Adequate blood supply to the area allows the return of the color of the nailbed within 3 seconds. 130. A 3-year old child was brought by his mother to the health center because of fever of 4-day duration. The child had a positive tourniquet test result. In the absence of other signs, which is the most appropriate measure that the PHN may carry out to prevent Dengue shock syndrome? A. Insert an NGT and give fluids per NGT. B. Instruct the mother to give the child Oresol. C. Start the patient on intravenous fluids STAT. D. Refer the client to the physician for appropriate management. Answer: (B) Instruct the mother to give the child Oresol. Since the child does not manifest any other danger sign, maintenance of fluid balance and replacement of fluid loss may be done by giving the client Oresol.

131. The pathognomonic sign of measles is Koplik’s spot. You may see Koplik’s spot by inspecting the _____. A. Nasal mucosa B. Buccal mucosa C. Skin on the abdomen D. Skin on the antecubital surface Answer: (B) Buccal mucosa Koplik’s spot may be seen on the mucosa of the mouth or the throat. 132. Among the following diseases, which is airborne? A. Viral conjunctivitis B. Acute poliomyelitis C. Diphtheria D. Measles Answer: (D) Measles Viral conjunctivitis is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with discharges from infected eyes. Acute poliomyelitis is spread through the fecal-oral route and contact with throat secretions, whereas diphtheria is through direct and indirect contact with respiratory secretions. 133. Among children aged 2 months to 3 years, the most prevalent form of meningitis is caused by which microorganism? A. Hemophilus influenzae B. Morbillivirus C. Steptococcus pneumoniae D. Neisseria meningitidis Answer: (A) Hemophilus influenzae Hemophilus meningitis is unusual over the age of 5 years. In developing countries, the peak incidence is in children less than 6 months of age. Morbillivirus is the etiology of measles. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis may cause meningitis, but age distribution is not specific in young children. 134. Human beings are the major reservoir of malaria. Which of the following strategies in malaria control is based on this fact? A. Stream seeding B. Stream clearing C. Destruction of breeding places D. Zooprophylaxis Answer: (D) Zooprophylaxis Zooprophylaxis is done by putting animals like cattle or dogs close to windows or doorways just before nightfall. The Anopheles mosquito takes his blood meal from the animal and goes back to its breeding place, thereby preventing infection of humans. 135. The use of larvivorous fish in malaria control is the basis for which strategy of malaria control? A. Stream seeding B. Stream clearing C. Destruction of breeding places D. Zooprophylaxis Answer: (A) Stream seeding Stream seeding is done by putting tilapia fry in streams or other bodies of water identified as breeding places of the Anopheles mosquito 136. Mosquito-borne diseases are prevented mostly with the use of mosquito control measures. Which of the following is NOT appropriate for malaria control?

A. Use of chemically treated mosquito nets B. Seeding of breeding places with larva-eating fish C. Destruction of breeding places of the mosquito vector D. Use of mosquito-repelling soaps, such as those with basil or citronella Answer: (C) Destruction of breeding places of the mosquito vector Anopheles mosquitoes breed in slow-moving, clear water, such as mountain streams. 137. A 4-year old client was brought to the health center with the chief complaint of severe diarrhea and the passage of “rice water” stools. The client is most probably suffering from which condition? A. Giardiasis B. Cholera C. Amebiasis D. Dysentery Answer: (B) Cholera Passage of profuse watery stools is the major symptom of cholera. Both amebic and bacillary dysentery are characterized by the presence of blood and/or mucus in the stools. Giardiasis is characterized by fat malabsorption and, therefore, steatorrhea. 138. In the Philippines, which specie of schistosoma is endemic in certain regions? A. S. mansoni B. S. japonicum C. S. malayensis D. S. haematobium Answer: (B) S. japonicum S. mansoni is found mostly in Africa and South America; S. haematobium in Africa and the Middle East; and S. malayensis only in peninsular Malaysia. 139. A 32-year old client came for consultation at the health center with the chief complaint of fever for a week. Accompanying symptoms were muscle pains and body malaise. A week after the start of fever, the client noted yellowish discoloration of his sclera. History showed that he waded in flood waters about 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms. Based on his history, which disease condition will you suspect? A. Hepatitis A B. Hepatitis B C. Tetanus D. Leptospirosis Answer: (D) Leptospirosis Leptospirosis is transmitted through contact with the skin or mucous membrane with water or moist soil contaminated with urine of infected animals, like rats. 140. MWSS provides water to Manila and other cities in Metro Manila. This is an example of which level of water facility? A. I B. II C. III D. IV Answer: (C) III Waterworks systems, such as MWSS, are classified as level III. 141. You are the PHN in the city health center. A client underwent screening for AIDS using ELISA. His result was positive. What is the best course of action that you may take?

A. Get a thorough history of the client, focusing on the practice of high risk behaviors. B. Ask the client to be accompanied by a significant person before revealing the result. C. Refer the client to the physician since he is the best person to reveal the result to the client. D. Refer the client for a supplementary test, such as Western blot, since the ELISA result may be false. Answer: (D) Refer the client for a supplementary test, such as Western blot, since the ELISA result may be false. A client having a reactive ELISA result must undergo a more specific test, such as Western blot. A negative supplementary test result means that the ELISA result was false and that, most probably, the client is not infected. 142. Which is the BEST control measure for AIDS? A. Being faithful to a single sexual partner B. Using a condom during each sexual contact C. Avoiding sexual contact with commercial sex workers D. Making sure that one’s sexual partner does not have signs of AIDS Answer: (A) Being faithful to a single sexual partner Sexual fidelity rules out the possibility of getting the disease by sexual contact with another infected person. Transmission occurs mostly through sexual intercourse and exposure to blood or tissues. 143. The most frequent causes of death among clients with AIDS are opportunistic diseases. Which of the following opportunistic infections is characterized by tonsillopharyngitis? A. Respiratory candidiasis B. Infectious mononucleosis C. Cytomegalovirus disease D. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Answer: (B) Infectious mononucleosis Cytomegalovirus disease is an acute viral disease characterized by fever, sore throat and lymphadenopathy. 144. To determine possible sources of sexually transmitted infections, which is the BEST method that may be undertaken by the public health nurse? A. Contact tracing B. Community survey C. Mass screening tests D. Interview of suspects Answer: (A) Contact tracing Contact tracing is the most practical and reliable method of finding possible sources of person-toperson transmitted infections, such as sexually transmitted diseases. 145. Antiretroviral agents, such as AZT, are used in the management of AIDS. Which of the following is NOT an action expected of these drugs. A. They prolong the life of the client with AIDS. B. They reduce the risk of opportunistic infections C. They shorten the period of communicability of the disease. D. They are able to bring about a cure of the disease condition. Answer: (D) They are able to bring about a cure of the disease condition. There is no known treatment for AIDS. Antiretroviral

agents reduce the risk of opportunistic infections and prolong life, but does not cure the underlying immunodeficiency. 146. A barangay had an outbreak of German measles. To prevent congenital rubella, what is the BEST advice that you can give to women in the first trimester of pregnancy in the barangay? A. Advice them on the signs of German measles. B. Avoid crowded places, such as markets and moviehouses. C. Consult at the health center where rubella vaccine may be given. D. Consult a physician who may give them rubella immunoglobulin. Answer: (D) Consult a physician who may give them rubella immunoglobulin. Rubella vaccine is made up of attenuated German measles viruses. This is contraindicated in pregnancy. Immune globulin, a specific prophylactic against German measles, may be given to pregnant women. 147. You were invited to be the resource person in a training class for food handlers. Which of the following would you emphasize regarding prevention of staphylococcal food poisoning? A. All cooking and eating utensils must be thoroughly washed. B. Food must be cooked properly to destroy staphylococcal microorganisms. C. Food handlers and food servers must have a negative stool examination result. D. Proper handwashing during food preparation is the best way of preventing the condition. Answer: (D) Proper handwashing during food preparation is the best way of preventing the condition. Symptoms of this food poisoning are due to staphylococcal enterotoxin, not the microorganisms themselves. Contamination is by food handling by persons with staphylococcal skin or eye infections. 148. In a mothers’ class, you discussed childhood diseases such as chicken pox. Which of the following statements about chicken pox is correct? A. The older one gets, the more susceptible he becomes to the complications of chicken pox. B. A single attack of chicken pox will prevent future episodes, including conditions such as shingles. C. To prevent an outbreak in the community, quarantine may be imposed by health authorities. D. Chicken pox vaccine is best given when there is an impending outbreak in the community. Answer: (A) The older one gets, the more susceptible he becomes to the complications of chicken pox. Chicken pox is usually more severe in adults than in children. Complications, such as pneumonia, are higher in incidence in adults. 149. Complications to infectious parotitis (mumps) may be serious in which type of clients? A. Pregnant women B. Elderly clients C. Young adult males D. Young infants Answer: (C) Young adult males Epididymitis and orchitis are possible complications of mumps. In post-adolescent males, bilateral

inflammation of the testes and epididymis may cause sterility.