Communicable Disease

Disease

Causative agent

1.cholera

Vibrio cholerae

Incubation period 12-46 hrs

Pathopneumonic sign Rice watery stool

2.rotavirus

rotavirus

Approx. 2 days

Watery bloodless stool

3. typhoid fever

Salmonella typhii

1-3 weeks

Rose spots

4.Botulism

Clostridium botulinum

18-36 hrs.

Double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids

5. trichinosis

Trichinella spiralis

6.toxocariasis visceral and ocular larva migrans) 7. creeping eruption, cutaneous larva migrans 8. angiostrongyliasis

Toxocara canis

9. gnathostomiasis

Ancyclostoma brazilien Angiostrongylus cantonenis (rat lung worm) Gnathostoma spinigerum

Mode of transmission Oral-fecal Ingestion of fecally contaminated water

Period of communicabililty

Diagnostic test

Tx LR , ORS

Fld replenishment, stand coke Pedialite (children) As long as typhoid bacilli appear in excreta

Contaminated food and water

Ingestion of worm living in pork and other meats (dog, horse, bear, walrus) Eggs found in dog feces Kids eating dirt Eggs in cat/dog feces drop in soil and enter a cut Rat dropping Raw fish/poultry

-Widal’s test

Chlorampenicol, typhoid vaccine, fld replenishment, bed rest, TPN

-Brain scan -Spinal fld exam -EMG -tensilon test

Botulism immunoglobulin, BIG-IV (Baby BIG), gastric lavage, mech vent., suction, intubation, ngt feed, fld replenish

complications 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Dehydration saline losss acidosis shock death carrier of cholera 1.dehydration 2. shock 1. 2.

GI bleeding bowel perforation 3. typhoid encephalopa thy 4. endocarditis 5. meningitis 6. pneumonia 7. septicemia 1. respiratory failure

Disease

Causative agent

10. schistosomiasis

Schistosoma manzoni, Japonicum, haemotobium

11. paragonimiasis (lung fluke) 12 Filariasis

Paragonimus westermani

13. ascariasis

Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm)

14. necator americanus

Necator americanus (hook worm)

15. trichuriasis

Trichuris trichura (whip worm)

16. Enterobiasis

Enterobius vemicularis (pin worm)

17.leprosy

Mycobacterium leprae/ hansen’s bacillus

18. rocky

Rickettsia

Wutcheria brancofti, brugia malayi, onchocera volvulus

Incubation period

Pathopneumonic sign

Mode of transmission Direct skin contact

Period of communicabililty

Diagnostic test

Tx

complications

-Praziquantel (all) -omanique (manzoni,japonucim) -metrifonate (haemotobium)

Kidney-bladder obstruction, chronic renal failure, bladder cancer, chronic liver damage w/ enlarge spleen, colon inflammation w/ bloody diarrhea, pulmo HPN, R side heart failure, seizure, recurrent bld infections

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)/ herzatan, Surgical: lymphovenous anastomosis, ligation or stripping of lymphatics

Recurring infections, fever, sever inflammation of the lymph system, tropical pulmo. Eosinophilia (TPE), elephantiasis

Ingestion of raw crabs 8-16 mo

Mosquito bites

Comntaminated soil from fertilizers. Grows in the intestine Feces in soil and larvae enter a skin cut, invade lungs In soil accidentally ingester, grow:SI/LI Adult worm live in the intestine and come down to the anus Prolonged skinto-skin contact

5-10 days

rash

Tissue smear -histamine test metacholine sweat testing -skin biopsy Indirect

Dapsone, clopamizine, rifampicin Doxycycline

mountain spotted Fever 19. impetigo contagiosa

20.Leptospirosis

ricketsii (dermacentor variabilis, andersoni) s. aureus

Leptospira interrogans

7-19 days

immunofluorescent assay (IFA)

Alternative: chlorampenicol

Direct contact

Gram stain, cultures

Topical: mupirocin ointment (bactroban) Systemic antibiotics: cephalexin (keplex), erythromycin

Skin contact

Dark field exam or csf, culture, micr

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, meningitis or sepsis, deep cellulites, bacteremia, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia, lymphadenitis