Cold War

The Cold War by Alyssa Royce, Lauren Sakata, Colin Schwartz, Megan Villanueva, and Anthony Zhu

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Division of Germany Germany was divided into four occupation zones: USSR, USA, France, and Britain Berlin was also divided into four zones

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Division of Germany France, Britain, US unite West Germany vs. East Germany West Berlin vs. East Berlin

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Marshall Plan Winter of 1946-1947 was very harsh June 1947 - Secretary of State George Marshall proposed a plan to aid European nations that needed it also known as the European Recovery Program was offered to USSR and allies, but they refused

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Marshall Plan Over 4 years, 16 countries received $13 billion By 1952, Western Europe had lost interest in Communism Countries that received aid: Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy/Trieste, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Britain

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Berlin Blockade Blockade occurred between June 24, 1948 May 11, 1949

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Berlin Blockade Causes: Allied Powers wanted to unite zones into one country January 1947 - USA and Britain combined their zones to create the country of Bizonia Introduction of new Deutsche mark -> violation of agreements between Soviets and Allies

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Berlin Blockade Effects: Blockade of all rail, road, and water communications between West Germany and East Germany Soviets cut off electricity to West Berlin Starvation and disease occurred Only had 5 weeks worth of food to feed West Germans until supplies ran out 8

Berlin Blockade Operation Vittles Primary needs: food and coal Combined Airlift Task Force (US and Britain) - Major General Willran H. Tunner

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Berlin Blockade Berlin Airlift lasted 327 days 277, 000 flights Brought 2.3 million tons of food, medicine, fuel, Christmas gifts to West Berliners USSR decided to stop ban because US had won this battle 10

NATO NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Formed April 4, 1949 12 countries Western countries that wanted to limit the power of the Soviet Union (especially after the Berlin Blockade)

Original NATO members: USA, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal

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NATO Countries vowed to support each other in event of an attack Ended US isolation 1952 - added Greece and Italy 1955 - added West Germany

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NATO

After the addition of West Germany, the Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pact An attack on one country would be like trying to attack all the NATO countries

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Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 using concrete and barbed wire Divided East and West Germany The wall spanned 110 miles, going up 10-15 feet high

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Berlin Wall The “Death Strip” was a small area between the fences that was patrolled by the East Germany police Eventually the wire and brick was replaced with concrete and steel

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Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall split Germany for 28 years 200 people died trying to get over the wall

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What was the Cold War really about? Establishing US as the world’s biggest superpower East vs. West Defeating Communism Making allies and keeping enemies in check Consumerism/raising revenue 17