Coal Petroleum
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Developed By : Ramandeep Singh Science Master S.S.D.G.S.S. School ,Machhiwara
Coal & Petroleum Coal, a combustible organic rock composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen . Petroleum, or crude oil, naturally occurring oily, bituminous liquid composed of various organic chemicals .
How Coal & Petroleum Forms
The coal we find today formed from generations of plants that died in ancient tropical swamps and accumulated on the swamp bottoms.
Petroleum is formed under Earth’s surface by the decomposition of marine organisms. The remains of tiny organisms that live in the sea— and, to a lesser extent, those of land organisms that are carried down to the sea in rivers and of plants that grow on the ocean bottoms—are enmeshed with the fine sands and silts that settle to the bottom in quiet sea basins.
Types of Coal
Anthracite Bituminous Sub-bituminous Lignite
Coal Mining
Coal has been mined for more than 1,000 years, and large-scale mining was practiced as early as the 18th century. The first coal mine in America was opened in Virginia, in the Appalachian bituminous field, during the 1750s; the mining of anthracite began in the late 1700s. Extensive mining in the United States commenced about 1820; until 1854 more than half of all the coal that was produced in the U.S. was Pennsylvania anthracite. In 2000, anthracite production was about 4.15 million metric tons, compared to about 970 million metric tons of bituminous coal and lignite.
Top Ten Producing & Consuming Countries of Coal
Characteristics of Petroleum
The chemical composition of all petroleum is principally hydrocarbons, although a few sulfurcontaining and oxygen-containing compounds are usually present; the sulfur content varies from about 0.1 to 5 percent. Petroleum contains gaseous, liquid, and solid elements. The consistency of petroleum varies from liquid as thin as gasoline to liquid so thick that it will barely pour. Small quantities of gaseous compounds are usually dissolved in the liquid; when larger quantities of these compounds are present, the petroleum deposit is associated with a deposit of natural gas
Extraction of Petroleum
Most oil wells are drilled by the rotary method that was first described in a British patent in 1844 assigned to R. Beart. In rotary drilling, the drill string, a series of connected pipes, is supported by a derrick. The string is rotated by being coupled to the rotating table on the derrick floor. The drill bit at the end of the string is generally designed with three cone-shaped wheels tipped with hardened teeth. Drill cuttings are lifted continually to the surface by a circulating-fluid system driven by a pump.
Top Ten Producing & Consuming Countries of Petroleum
Use of Coal
Electric utilities Industrial/retail Steel industry Exports
Use of Petroleum Transportation Electric utilities Industrial/retail Exports
Coal & Petroleum Coal, a combustible organic rock composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen . Petroleum, or crude oil, naturally occurring oily, bituminous liquid composed of various organic chemicals .
How Coal & Petroleum Forms
The coal we find today formed from generations of plants that died in ancient tropical swamps and accumulated on the swamp bottoms.
Petroleum is formed under Earth’s surface by the decomposition of marine organisms. The remains of tiny organisms that live in the sea— and, to a lesser extent, those of land organisms that are carried down to the sea in rivers and of plants that grow on the ocean bottoms—are enmeshed with the fine sands and silts that settle to the bottom in quiet sea basins.
Types of Coal
Anthracite Bituminous Sub-bituminous Lignite
Coal Mining
Coal has been mined for more than 1,000 years, and large-scale mining was practiced as early as the 18th century. The first coal mine in America was opened in Virginia, in the Appalachian bituminous field, during the 1750s; the mining of anthracite began in the late 1700s. Extensive mining in the United States commenced about 1820; until 1854 more than half of all the coal that was produced in the U.S. was Pennsylvania anthracite. In 2000, anthracite production was about 4.15 million metric tons, compared to about 970 million metric tons of bituminous coal and lignite.
Top Ten Producing & Consuming Countries of Coal
Characteristics of Petroleum
The chemical composition of all petroleum is principally hydrocarbons, although a few sulfurcontaining and oxygen-containing compounds are usually present; the sulfur content varies from about 0.1 to 5 percent. Petroleum contains gaseous, liquid, and solid elements. The consistency of petroleum varies from liquid as thin as gasoline to liquid so thick that it will barely pour. Small quantities of gaseous compounds are usually dissolved in the liquid; when larger quantities of these compounds are present, the petroleum deposit is associated with a deposit of natural gas
Extraction of Petroleum
Most oil wells are drilled by the rotary method that was first described in a British patent in 1844 assigned to R. Beart. In rotary drilling, the drill string, a series of connected pipes, is supported by a derrick. The string is rotated by being coupled to the rotating table on the derrick floor. The drill bit at the end of the string is generally designed with three cone-shaped wheels tipped with hardened teeth. Drill cuttings are lifted continually to the surface by a circulating-fluid system driven by a pump.
Top Ten Producing & Consuming Countries of Petroleum
Use of Coal
Electric utilities Industrial/retail Steel industry Exports
Use of Petroleum Transportation Electric utilities Industrial/retail Exports
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