Cloud Computing Mrits

(The Evolution of Software-as-a service)

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Definition Evolution Mainframes Cluster Computing Grid Computing Utility Computing Cloud computing Its working…….\ Conclusion

Cloud Computing is a general concept that incorporates software as a service (SaaS), Web 2.0 and other recent, well-known technology trends, in which the common theme is reliance on the Internet for satisfying the computing needs of the users.

“Cloud computing is a computing paradigm shift where computing is moved away from personal computers or an individual application server to a “cloud” of computers. This method of distributed computing is done through pooling all computer resources together and being managed by software rather than a human.“

MAINFRAMES CLUSTER COMPUTING GRID COMPUTING UTILITY COMPUTING CLOUD COMPUTING

A computer cluster is a group of linked computers, working together closely so that in many respects they form a single computer. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each other through fast local area networks.

Clusters are usually deployed to improve performance and/or availability over that provided by a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of comparable speed or availability

High-availability clusters operate by having redundant nodes, which are then used to provide service when system components fail. Load-balancing clusters operate by distributing a workload evenly over multiple back end nodes. They are homogenous Often clusters are used for primarily computational purposes and Provide supercomputing power

When more computing power is needed it is very difficult to provide as we need to change the cluster size and topology.

Cluster computing is not suitable for applications developed in large organizations which are heterogeneous.

Grid computing (or the use of a computational grid) is applying the resources of many computers in a network to a single problem at the same time - usually to a scientific or technical problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or access to large amounts of data.

Grid computing requires the use of software that can divide and farm out pieces of a program to as many as several thousand computers.

Grid computing appears to be a promising trend for following reasons: (1) its ability to make more cost-effective use of a given amount of computer resources, (2) as a way to solve problems that can't be approached without an enormous amount of computing power

In some grid computing systems, the computers may collaborate rather than being directed by one managing computer. One likely area for the use of grid computing will be pervasive computing applications - those in which computers pervade our environment without our necessary awareness.

There are many companies that rely on grid computing to bring services to their customers, and can provide effective solutions for commercial, academic and personal problems.

Both cluster and grid computing needs software , hardware and others related to networking , their setup’s and installations and their maintenance.

Utility computing is the packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility (such as electricity, water, natural gas, or telephone network). This system has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire hardware; instead, computational resources are essentially rented

Pay-per-usage processing provided by a service organization that uses its own computers and facilities. Also called "on demand computing," customers access the computers via a private network or over the Internet and are charged for the amount of computing time they use, such as CPU seconds, minutes or hours. The definition of "utility computing" is sometimes extended to specialized tasks, such as web services.

What’s the biggest headache you face when working with your computer? The answer may very well be “the computer itself.” System crashes, data loss, hard drive failure - there’s a never ending parade of problems. There’s a new movement afoot in the tech industry that promises to take some of those headaches away, and it’s called “cloud computing.”

Cloud computing is a technology where big companies like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, Salesforce and many, many others allow you to use their computers to host your applications. Instead of managing server farms and the associated headaches like software patching, database synchronization, increasing resources as the demand grows you can create applications where you are simply charged more as you use more resources - bandwidth, memory and disk usage.

Millions of PC users already rely on Web applications that either provide a service or store data. For instance, Yahoo and Google do their own forms of cloud computing, offering popular e-mail programs and photo-sharing sites that are accessible through a Web browser from any PC anywhere.

If you have a Web-only e- mail account, for example, you’re part of the cloud computing movement. Most Yahoo! Mail or Gmail users, for example, retrieve, read, and compose their e-mail online, over the Internet. Without the cloud, they have no access to either the e-mail application or the e- mail itself. Google Docs - with its very capable and free online word processor, spreadsheet, and presentation program - is an example of traditional office applications that operate in a cloud computing model.

Google, the most visible example, took cloud computing a step further last October and directly challenged Microsoft by offering a suite of free word-processing and spreadsheet software over a browser

Microsoft is a late entrant to a set of businesses that are largely defined as Web 2.0, but It plans to give away some of its services, like photosharing and disk storage, while charging for others like its computer security service and a series of business-oriented services aimed at small and medium-size organizations.

In essence, cloud computing refers to a model in which the applications you use and the files you save are stored on remote servers. You access those applications and files with your PC, over a network, and in many cases, that network is the Internet. Cloud computing is actually not a new concept - it’s an old one that’s been made relevant again by the increasing availability of computer networks, particularly the Internet, and by the spread of “always on” broadband connections.

There are many. As a computer user, you would no longer be dependent on one particular computer to access and work on your data. So long as you have a connection to your data through a network - you can retrieve your files and pick up where you left off. That’s becoming increasingly important today, as people crave more mobility.

You also wouldn’t have to worry about maintaining your applications or your files, and your concerns over the health of your local hardware would be lessened. The safety of your data is less dependent upon the health of your computer’s hardware in a cloud computing model: a hard drive crash in your notebook computer,

Your computer itself could become smaller and lighter if you’re using it in a cloud computing environment. You would no longer need the investment in lots of local storage. A smaller, lighter computer means less energy used as well. For companies, the energy savings alone can be tremendous.

There are currently no standards The system architecture will be different and things like backups will be managed differently. Basically you have to perform a lot of services that many times are done by a hosting company or your IT staff. Nevertheless, if you are looking at building a system that may ramp up rapidly in its resource consumption you may want to consider cloud computing

If you do not have consistent, reliable access to the network on which your applications and data reside, cloud computing will be uninteresting to you. It’s definitely a model that asks computer users to think differently, and it will take some time to get used to.

Beyond that, though, there are some significant concerns about data security in the world of cloud computing. Gobs of data stored offsite in large “datacenters” represent an attractive target for hackers and others who see information as power. Companies need to feel secure about how their data is being protected

Also, reliability is still a concern. If the network goes down - or if your connection to the network goes down - your data is inaccessible until the problem is fixed. Further, if there’s a glitch or shutdown of the datacenter at which your applications and data reside, you’re out of luck until the problem is fixed. Also, while cloud computing would theoretically be greener from your vantage point, all that data and all those applications have to be stored somewhere, on machines that are always on and sucking huge amounts of energy.

Yes. Today’s netbooks are, in essence, cloud computers. Asus’s Eee PC and Dell’s Inspiron Mini are two examples of notebooks designed primarily with network connectivity in mind. Light on local storage, these first-generation “cloud computers” point to a future in which the heavy lifting of data and application storage and management is done remotely.

Cloud computing increases profitability by improving resource utilization. Cloud computing allows individuals, teams, and organizations to streamline procurement processes and eliminate the need to duplicate certain computer administrative skills related to setup, configuration, and support.

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