Climate Resilient Sustainable Cities Initiative
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Climate Resilient Sustainable Cities Initiative
Focus and Sequence Background Concept of sustainable cities Problem statement: The current scenario The Climate Resilient Sustainable Cities Initiative Objectives, purpose, & outcomes Project Concept Anticipated results Approach Sustainable Solutions Resources Resource Requirements Partnership Strategies
What makes a Sustainable City? A sustainable city minimizes its impact on local and global environments while also improving the health and well-being of its inhabitants.
Transportation systems that ensure nodal connectivity, diverse public transport, and safe emissions levels
Clean and Secure Energy through efficiency and renewable energy sources
Safe Water and Sanitation provided and delivered to all community members
Land Use that maximizes efficiency and ensures sufficient green space
Basic Municipal Services such as healthcare and education.
Climate Resilience through long-term sustainable planning
The Current Scenario Under a business-as-usual scenario poor urban environmental management will lead to serious and irreversible environmental, social, and economic consequences.
Rapid poorly planned urban growth
Deteriorating environmental quality
Insufficient provision of basic municipal and ecosystem service
Environmental Injustice: impoverished populations suffer disproportionately from environmental degradation
https://droosan.wikispaces.com/Scott
Rapid Growth of Urban Populations Projected rates of urban growth will put stress on the provision of municipal services, lead to the continued rapid growth of impoverished slum communities, and increase rates of urban environmental degradation
Over half of the world’s 6.78 billion people live in cities
Urban population in Bangladesh has been growing at over 6% per year
The Urban population of Bangladesh was 30 million in 2001 and is expected to reach 97 million by 2050
About 4.2 million of Dhaka’s population live in slums, 55% below the poverty line. Recorded and Projected Population of Bangladesh 300 population
200 150 100 50 0 19 50 19 55 19 60 19 65 19 70 19 75 19 80 19 85 19 90 19 95 20 00 20 05 20 10 20 15 20 20 20 25 20 30 20 35 20 40 20 45 20 50
Population (millions)
250
Year SourceData: UnitedNationsSecretariat, WorldPopulationProspects: The2008Revision
Contaminated Air and Water Dangerous Air Pollution Poor air quality in Dhaka alone is estimated to lead to 15,000 premature deaths each year Particulate matter concentrations reach 463mcm, over twenty times the WHO limit of 20mcm. Poor Water Quality, Quantity, and Delivery Surface water quality suffers from urban and industrial contamination Unsustainable groundwater extraction has led to declining water tables Urban piped water supply systems in Bangladesh serve only 30% of households Environmental Vulnerability of the Poor Low income groups are the most vulnerable because their health and livelihoods are highly dependent on ecosystem services Slum communities lack sufficient access to income, food, healthcare, water, sanitation waste disposal, and basic infrastructure.
Source: foxnews.com
Degradation of Wetlands and Forests
Bangladesh’s forest cover is less than 6% and deforestation continues, with urban landscapes that are almost completely deforested.
Wetland degradation has led to disruption of ground water recharge, healthy fisheries and wildlife habitats, flood water retention, sediment and nutrient trapping and removal, and micro-climates
Poor populations are highly dependent on wetland and forest ecosystem services for their health, nutrition, and livelihoods
Figure source: BCAS, Bangladesh Wetland Ecosystem-Information and Knowledge Base
Climate Change Vulnerability Bangladesh is not a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, but it stands to suffer heavily from the effects of global warming if communities are not carefully planned to be resilient to climate change.
By the year 2030 an additional 14% of Bangladesh is expected to become vulnerable to flooding, and flooding in already vulnerable areas will intensify, and some lands will become permanently inundated.
Increasing population and urbanization without careful zoning and planning have created communities (especially amongst poor populations) that are extremely vulnerable to climate change due to poor construction and location.
Climate change may alter monsoon precipitation patterns, depleting water resources
Saltwater intrusion threatens ecosystem health, availability of freshwater and production of fisheries
Source: Earth News www.earthportal.org/news/?p=1037
Source: Anisur Rahman, The Daily Star
A Case Study:
Charfasson, Bhola Charfasson is a low-lying island community that suffers serious consequences from the effects of flooding, erosion of its land, and inadequate provision of basic environmental services.
Extremely vulnerable to flooding from storm events and limited disaster preparedness
Losing land to erosion and higher water levels
Limited planning and delivery of environmental services, including: water, waste management, and land-use
Limited resources to monitor and address the effects of climate change
Objectives, Purpose and Outcomes The strategic objective of this project is to mainstream environmental management into the urban planning process for Bangladesh’s cities. The CRSCI will create a pilot program that will focus on cultivating sustainability in six mid-sized urban areas, with the hope that these cities will become models for largescale implementation of urban sustainability measures in Bangladesh. The long-term objective of CRSCI can be broken down into three targeted outcomes:
Policy, planning, and legislation Demonstration Capacity Development
CRSCI Climate Resilient Sustainable Cities Initiative
Policy, Planning & Legislation
Capacity Development
Demonstration
Analysis of Existing Policies, Plans, & Legislation
Suitability Analysis
Analysis of Current Capacity
Strategy for Improvement
Planning
Develop knowledge products & capacity building strategy
Implementation
Implementation
Implementation
Transportation
Energy & Efficiency
Water & Sanitation
Land Use
Climate Resilience
Basic Municipal Services
City Selection Criteria
Willingness and enthusiasm of local government and community stakeholders
Accessibility to Dhaka
Regional and environmental variation to provide equitable and diverse examples
Political suitability, development potential & institutional capacity
Economic and energy self-reliance
Environmental suitability
Distinct Physical Boundaries
Co-sponsorship potential
Project Concept
Conserve the biotic integrity of the area
Ensure equitable access to resources, including energy
Integrate sustainable land and water management
Develop environmentally sustainable (nodal complementary) transport
Incorporate eco-efficiency principles into buildings
Anticipated Results Dongtan, China
Auroville, India
http://ecocity.wordpress.com/2008/02/01/fly-over-dongtan-ecocity-2010-china/
Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
•http://www.auroville.org/av_brief.htm
Approach
Develop policy and legal framework Local Suitability Analysis Develop a Plan for Sustainable Action Implementation
Implementation
Public-Private Partnership:
Sense of community ownership Motivate local people to provide leadership Sharing management responsibility
Building on corporate social responsibility
Social entry points and community participation
Maintaining pro poor focus:
Urban agriculture, social forestry, producing biogas from urban solid waste etc.
Integrated national, regional and local planning and implementation
Sustainable Solutions
Hydrology
Energy
Safe water supply and delivery Sanitation and waste management Clean, renewable sources Efficiency: green buildings & appliances
Habitat
Land use: open spaces, green roofs Natural habitat protection and restoration
Hydrology A clean, health, and sustainable hydrologic cycle is necessary to ensure healthy ecosystems and safe and reliable supply and delivery of water to the community. Community Watershed Management
Regulation of pollution sources
Waste management Sewage and sanitation
Minimizing disruption of natural hydrologic systems
Green spaces healthy wetlands Managed groundwater extraction natural flood management
Water Treatment Facilities
Clean, efficient, and comprehensive delivery system
Energy The most sustainable way to secure the access to energy necessary for a city’s healthy economic development is to operate at a high efficiency and use renewable fuel sources.
Photovoltaics on city rooftops
Wind Power in coastal regions
Methane Capture from municipal landfills
Green Roofs to reduce cooling costs
Efficient Stoves and Appliances to improve efficiency
Green Building Design
Habitat
Minimizing impact on surrounding natural ecosystems Creating a healthy urban habitat
Transportation
Waste Management
Diverse public transport & well-planned traffic networks Vehicle efficiency & emissions standards Comprehensive waste collection & recycling system Regulation of industrial waste & emissions
Green Spaces & Urban Forests
Climate Resilience
Resource Requirement Tentative Resource Requirements Proposed Title: Climate Resilient Sustainable Cities Initiative Outcomes
Outputs
Policy, Planning, & Legislation
Policy/strategy formulation and institutional coordination
94,900
Partnership building & functional collaboration
35,500
Initial stock taking and preparatory work for action plan formulation
29,000
Action plan development
42,500
Demonstration
Action plan implementation Progress monitoring, impact assessment and lessons sharing Capacity Development
GRAND TOTAL
4,800,000 64,000
Capacity enhancement
341,000
Public/community awareness
110,000
Knowledge Management TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Amount (USD)
50,000 774,000 6,340,900
Partnership Strategy
Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM’s)
United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UNREDD)
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
The Clinton Climate Initiative
Public-Private Partnerships
Conclusion The purpose of this project is to address Bangladesh’s need to reclaim farmland, house its population, and promote sustainable growth that is economically, socially, and environmentally positive. With time and effort we hope to achieve the ultimate goal of safe, healthy, energy independent and aesthetically pleasing cities.
Demonstration:
Results Framework Outputs
Activities
Initial stock taking and Knowledge mapping on sustainable urban improvement initiatives with public-private partnerships preparatory work for action Analysis of land use patterns and identification of the environmental hotspots in project sites of target municipalities plan formulation Participatory planning exercise with local stakeholders to identify priority urban issues and services for improvement and conservation Action plan development
Pilot urban improvement action plan development based on participatory planning (examples of potential areas include: transportation, energy & efficiency, water & sanitation, Land Use, climate resilience, basic municipal services) Outlining detailed strategy and mechanisms based on specific items in action plan
Action plan implementation Implementation of pilot action plan through mobilizing subject task forces (based on the action plan), may include:
Resources mobilization
Progress monitoring, impact assessment and lessons sharing
Transportation Energy & Efficiency Water & Sanitation Land Use: Greening City Spaces Climate Resilience Basic Municipal Services Review existing status of resources mobilization including revenue generation in target municipalities Development of strategy for revenue improvement and mobilizing local resource for the targeted municipalities Municipal level action plan monitoring committee formation headed by city administrative head and comprised of civil society and professional groups Progress monitoring and impact assessment of action plan implementation by the monitoring committee Documentation of lessons learned , generation of knowledge products
Focus and Sequence Background Concept of sustainable cities Problem statement: The current scenario The Climate Resilient Sustainable Cities Initiative Objectives, purpose, & outcomes Project Concept Anticipated results Approach Sustainable Solutions Resources Resource Requirements Partnership Strategies
What makes a Sustainable City? A sustainable city minimizes its impact on local and global environments while also improving the health and well-being of its inhabitants.
Transportation systems that ensure nodal connectivity, diverse public transport, and safe emissions levels
Clean and Secure Energy through efficiency and renewable energy sources
Safe Water and Sanitation provided and delivered to all community members
Land Use that maximizes efficiency and ensures sufficient green space
Basic Municipal Services such as healthcare and education.
Climate Resilience through long-term sustainable planning
The Current Scenario Under a business-as-usual scenario poor urban environmental management will lead to serious and irreversible environmental, social, and economic consequences.
Rapid poorly planned urban growth
Deteriorating environmental quality
Insufficient provision of basic municipal and ecosystem service
Environmental Injustice: impoverished populations suffer disproportionately from environmental degradation
https://droosan.wikispaces.com/Scott
Rapid Growth of Urban Populations Projected rates of urban growth will put stress on the provision of municipal services, lead to the continued rapid growth of impoverished slum communities, and increase rates of urban environmental degradation
Over half of the world’s 6.78 billion people live in cities
Urban population in Bangladesh has been growing at over 6% per year
The Urban population of Bangladesh was 30 million in 2001 and is expected to reach 97 million by 2050
About 4.2 million of Dhaka’s population live in slums, 55% below the poverty line. Recorded and Projected Population of Bangladesh 300 population
200 150 100 50 0 19 50 19 55 19 60 19 65 19 70 19 75 19 80 19 85 19 90 19 95 20 00 20 05 20 10 20 15 20 20 20 25 20 30 20 35 20 40 20 45 20 50
Population (millions)
250
Year SourceData: UnitedNationsSecretariat, WorldPopulationProspects: The2008Revision
Contaminated Air and Water Dangerous Air Pollution Poor air quality in Dhaka alone is estimated to lead to 15,000 premature deaths each year Particulate matter concentrations reach 463mcm, over twenty times the WHO limit of 20mcm. Poor Water Quality, Quantity, and Delivery Surface water quality suffers from urban and industrial contamination Unsustainable groundwater extraction has led to declining water tables Urban piped water supply systems in Bangladesh serve only 30% of households Environmental Vulnerability of the Poor Low income groups are the most vulnerable because their health and livelihoods are highly dependent on ecosystem services Slum communities lack sufficient access to income, food, healthcare, water, sanitation waste disposal, and basic infrastructure.
Source: foxnews.com
Degradation of Wetlands and Forests
Bangladesh’s forest cover is less than 6% and deforestation continues, with urban landscapes that are almost completely deforested.
Wetland degradation has led to disruption of ground water recharge, healthy fisheries and wildlife habitats, flood water retention, sediment and nutrient trapping and removal, and micro-climates
Poor populations are highly dependent on wetland and forest ecosystem services for their health, nutrition, and livelihoods
Figure source: BCAS, Bangladesh Wetland Ecosystem-Information and Knowledge Base
Climate Change Vulnerability Bangladesh is not a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, but it stands to suffer heavily from the effects of global warming if communities are not carefully planned to be resilient to climate change.
By the year 2030 an additional 14% of Bangladesh is expected to become vulnerable to flooding, and flooding in already vulnerable areas will intensify, and some lands will become permanently inundated.
Increasing population and urbanization without careful zoning and planning have created communities (especially amongst poor populations) that are extremely vulnerable to climate change due to poor construction and location.
Climate change may alter monsoon precipitation patterns, depleting water resources
Saltwater intrusion threatens ecosystem health, availability of freshwater and production of fisheries
Source: Earth News www.earthportal.org/news/?p=1037
Source: Anisur Rahman, The Daily Star
A Case Study:
Charfasson, Bhola Charfasson is a low-lying island community that suffers serious consequences from the effects of flooding, erosion of its land, and inadequate provision of basic environmental services.
Extremely vulnerable to flooding from storm events and limited disaster preparedness
Losing land to erosion and higher water levels
Limited planning and delivery of environmental services, including: water, waste management, and land-use
Limited resources to monitor and address the effects of climate change
Objectives, Purpose and Outcomes The strategic objective of this project is to mainstream environmental management into the urban planning process for Bangladesh’s cities. The CRSCI will create a pilot program that will focus on cultivating sustainability in six mid-sized urban areas, with the hope that these cities will become models for largescale implementation of urban sustainability measures in Bangladesh. The long-term objective of CRSCI can be broken down into three targeted outcomes:
Policy, planning, and legislation Demonstration Capacity Development
CRSCI Climate Resilient Sustainable Cities Initiative
Policy, Planning & Legislation
Capacity Development
Demonstration
Analysis of Existing Policies, Plans, & Legislation
Suitability Analysis
Analysis of Current Capacity
Strategy for Improvement
Planning
Develop knowledge products & capacity building strategy
Implementation
Implementation
Implementation
Transportation
Energy & Efficiency
Water & Sanitation
Land Use
Climate Resilience
Basic Municipal Services
City Selection Criteria
Willingness and enthusiasm of local government and community stakeholders
Accessibility to Dhaka
Regional and environmental variation to provide equitable and diverse examples
Political suitability, development potential & institutional capacity
Economic and energy self-reliance
Environmental suitability
Distinct Physical Boundaries
Co-sponsorship potential
Project Concept
Conserve the biotic integrity of the area
Ensure equitable access to resources, including energy
Integrate sustainable land and water management
Develop environmentally sustainable (nodal complementary) transport
Incorporate eco-efficiency principles into buildings
Anticipated Results Dongtan, China
Auroville, India
http://ecocity.wordpress.com/2008/02/01/fly-over-dongtan-ecocity-2010-china/
Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
•http://www.auroville.org/av_brief.htm
Approach
Develop policy and legal framework Local Suitability Analysis Develop a Plan for Sustainable Action Implementation
Implementation
Public-Private Partnership:
Sense of community ownership Motivate local people to provide leadership Sharing management responsibility
Building on corporate social responsibility
Social entry points and community participation
Maintaining pro poor focus:
Urban agriculture, social forestry, producing biogas from urban solid waste etc.
Integrated national, regional and local planning and implementation
Sustainable Solutions
Hydrology
Energy
Safe water supply and delivery Sanitation and waste management Clean, renewable sources Efficiency: green buildings & appliances
Habitat
Land use: open spaces, green roofs Natural habitat protection and restoration
Hydrology A clean, health, and sustainable hydrologic cycle is necessary to ensure healthy ecosystems and safe and reliable supply and delivery of water to the community. Community Watershed Management
Regulation of pollution sources
Waste management Sewage and sanitation
Minimizing disruption of natural hydrologic systems
Green spaces healthy wetlands Managed groundwater extraction natural flood management
Water Treatment Facilities
Clean, efficient, and comprehensive delivery system
Energy The most sustainable way to secure the access to energy necessary for a city’s healthy economic development is to operate at a high efficiency and use renewable fuel sources.
Photovoltaics on city rooftops
Wind Power in coastal regions
Methane Capture from municipal landfills
Green Roofs to reduce cooling costs
Efficient Stoves and Appliances to improve efficiency
Green Building Design
Habitat
Minimizing impact on surrounding natural ecosystems Creating a healthy urban habitat
Transportation
Waste Management
Diverse public transport & well-planned traffic networks Vehicle efficiency & emissions standards Comprehensive waste collection & recycling system Regulation of industrial waste & emissions
Green Spaces & Urban Forests
Climate Resilience
Resource Requirement Tentative Resource Requirements Proposed Title: Climate Resilient Sustainable Cities Initiative Outcomes
Outputs
Policy, Planning, & Legislation
Policy/strategy formulation and institutional coordination
94,900
Partnership building & functional collaboration
35,500
Initial stock taking and preparatory work for action plan formulation
29,000
Action plan development
42,500
Demonstration
Action plan implementation Progress monitoring, impact assessment and lessons sharing Capacity Development
GRAND TOTAL
4,800,000 64,000
Capacity enhancement
341,000
Public/community awareness
110,000
Knowledge Management TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Amount (USD)
50,000 774,000 6,340,900
Partnership Strategy
Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM’s)
United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UNREDD)
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
The Clinton Climate Initiative
Public-Private Partnerships
Conclusion The purpose of this project is to address Bangladesh’s need to reclaim farmland, house its population, and promote sustainable growth that is economically, socially, and environmentally positive. With time and effort we hope to achieve the ultimate goal of safe, healthy, energy independent and aesthetically pleasing cities.
Demonstration:
Results Framework Outputs
Activities
Initial stock taking and Knowledge mapping on sustainable urban improvement initiatives with public-private partnerships preparatory work for action Analysis of land use patterns and identification of the environmental hotspots in project sites of target municipalities plan formulation Participatory planning exercise with local stakeholders to identify priority urban issues and services for improvement and conservation Action plan development
Pilot urban improvement action plan development based on participatory planning (examples of potential areas include: transportation, energy & efficiency, water & sanitation, Land Use, climate resilience, basic municipal services) Outlining detailed strategy and mechanisms based on specific items in action plan
Action plan implementation Implementation of pilot action plan through mobilizing subject task forces (based on the action plan), may include:
Resources mobilization
Progress monitoring, impact assessment and lessons sharing
Transportation Energy & Efficiency Water & Sanitation Land Use: Greening City Spaces Climate Resilience Basic Municipal Services Review existing status of resources mobilization including revenue generation in target municipalities Development of strategy for revenue improvement and mobilizing local resource for the targeted municipalities Municipal level action plan monitoring committee formation headed by city administrative head and comprised of civil society and professional groups Progress monitoring and impact assessment of action plan implementation by the monitoring committee Documentation of lessons learned , generation of knowledge products
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