Civilspedia: ......current Affairs Digital Library

Civilspedia ......Current Affairs Digital Library

List of the Topics Prelims

Editorial

• Corruption Perception Index • Yuva Swabhiman Yojana • Polar Vortex • Unemployment Estimation methods

• Is there a case for reservation for the Forward class? – Yes / No / Its Complicated

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Corruption Perception Index In News

Key Words • Index • Transparency International • India’s Position • Remarks

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Corruption Perception Index About • Released by Transparency International • The index ranks 180 countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption • Uses a scale of 0 to 100 – 0 – Highly corrupt – 100 – Very clean • First launched in 1995

Transparency International • Vision – Corrupt free world • Works together with governments, businesses and citizens to stop the abuse of power, bribery and secret deals. • International Secretariat -Berlin

Corruption Perception Index CPI - 2018

India - 2018

• More than 2/3rd countries score below 50 • Average score – 43 • Continued failure of most countries to significantly control corruption is contributing to a crisis in democracy around the world

• India’s score: – 2018 – 41/100 – 2017 – 40/100 • India’s rank: – 2018 – 78/180 – 2017 – 81/180

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Corruption Perception Index Comments on India

Comments on India

• As India gears up for its upcoming elections, we see little significant movement in its CPI score, which moved from 40 in 2017 to 41 in 2018

• Public Anti-corruption mobilization efforts of 2011 have ultimately fizzled and fell flat, with little to no movement on the ground to build the specialist anticorruption infrastructure required

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Yuva Swabhiman Yojana Keywords

• About • State • Targeted Beneficiaries • Impact Area

In News

Yuva Swabhiman Yojana About

Impact Area

• To provide employment for the unemployed youth from the economically weaker sections of the society • State – Madhya Pradesh • Targeted Beneficiaries – Urban youths + EWS • 100 days employment per year to the youth from the economical weaker sections of the society

• Would cover the uncovered urban population under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) • Additional skill development training in the field of their choice during employment period

Polar Vortex in USA

Polar Vortex in USA • Persistent, large scale, whirling cone of low pressure over the poles. • Strongest in the winter months due to the increased temperature contrast between the polar regions and midlatitudes • Stronger jet streams observed

• Polar vortex spins in the stratosphere • Polar vortex may be disrupted by sudden stratospheric warming due to upward propagation of wave energy from the lower atmosphere • Disruption leads to weakening / splitting of polar vortex.

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Polar Vortex in USA Effects • Sudden Freezing temperatures in mid latitudes • Wind chills leading to Hypothermia • Causes Frost bites, may lead to amputation of limbs • May last for days to weeks • Movement of people is affected (Our Coaching Centres in Online Classes) ,Chennai, Bangalore, Trivandrum, Trichi, and Adyar.

Surveys for measuring Unemployment 5 year Survey

Periodic Labour Force Survey

• Quinquennial Survey • By National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) • Not done since 2011-12 • 5-yearly surveys used to come with a lag of over one or two years, thus reducing the possibility of timely analysis.

• Launched in April 2017 • Will replace 5 year survey • By NSSO • Annual survey mapping of unemployment • Supply data from both formal and informal sector • Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) Method. • Will provide timely statistics • 1st survey report yet to be released

Surveys for measuring Unemployment Other Surveys • Annual Labour Force Survey –Labour Bureau – Collects data only for a part of a year • Population Census – once in 10 years by • Labour Force Participation Rate (PLF/TLF) by MoSPI • EPFO Payroll Data • House hold Surveys • Enterprise Surveys • Government Schemes

Entreprise Surveys • The Economic Census by MoSPI (Statistics & Program Implementation) • Annual Survey of Industries by MoSPI • Unorganized Sector Surveys of Industries and Services by NSSO • Quarterly Employment Survey (QES) (Labour Bureau) • MSME Census (Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises)

Case for Reservation for FC Yes • Social justice is not possible if we exclude the economically backward sections of the society • Since, social justice isinclusive in nature • It means that no marke of ckwardness is left untouched, which includes poverty as well

• The Preamble promises to all citizens social, economic and political justice. • Poverty denies equality of opportunity in education employment, decent living • Hence reservation for forward classes is required • 10% reservation in general category is not restricted to upper caste Hindu only;open to all

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Case for Reservation for FC Yes: • Present Quota introduced through The Test of Constitutionality the 124th Constitutional Amendment • Indira Sawhney Case Bill is provided though adequate • Ceiling is applicable for reservation in amendments in Article 15 and 16 of socially and educationally backward the constitution. category only under Article 15(4) and • “Advancement of Economically 16(4) of the Constitution Weaker Sections” • Social Justice – Dynamic concept that evolves over time Learn Daily and all Recent Current Affairs at IAS Parliament

Case for Reservation for FC No: • Willful subversion of the Social • When Article 15 was amended by Justice , which SC has held to be the inserting Clause (4), No use of part of the basic structure of the income or economic criteria for constitution determining backwardness - Hence constitutionally invalid • Reservations – Adequate representation to those sections of society that areoppressed by caste discrimination – Social upliftment of the backward classes of Indian Society 900+ IAS IPS Officers, world class facilities one South India's Best IAS Academy Chennai

Case for Reservation for FC No: The Alternatives

• The government has cut away another • Employment under MGNREGA slice from the already shrinking pie of Scheme public sector institutions • Instituting new universities and • Demonetization and poor colleges and need based scholarships implementation of GST has led to may be provided economic distress • Corporate led jobless growth has • 10% reservation is nothing but a fig increased the income inequality leaf to cover the monumental failure of exponentially making little difference the government on all fronts in the reservation to FC • Push away India rom its hope on social • Public spending for scholarships harmony

have come to an halt

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Case for Reservation for FC Its Complicated: CAA • When you allow reservation for the advanced classes, it changes the meaning of reservation • Article 368(2) – Parliament can amend the Constitution by passing a bill in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House present and voting – Presidential Assent

CAA + Ratifications of ½ of the total SLA • Article 54 • Article 55 • Article 73 • Chapter IV of Part V • Chapter V of Part VI • Chapter I of Part XI • Any lists in VII Schedule • Or Representation of the states in the Parliament

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Case for Reservation for FC Its Complicated: • Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination • Article 15(1) & (2) – State shall not discriminate against “any citizen” on grounds only of race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. • Article 15(3) onwards – Protective discrimination – the policy of granting special privileges to underprivileged sections – Foundations of reservations in education and employment in the country

• Article 15(5) – 93rd CAA, 2005. • Enabling clause empowering the state to bring in 27% reservations for OBC. • Challenged in SC – Upheld reservation, but not applicable to Creamy layer • Also upheld the validity of 93rd CAA, 2005 • Amendment does not violate the basic structure of the Constitution

Case for Reservation for FC Its Complicated: • SC ruling – Reservation is a remedy for historical discrimination and the continuing ill effects • Reservation is not aimed at economic upliftment or poverty alleviation • Economic weakness is on account of social backwardness • Economic criteria will lead to virtual deletion of Article 16(4) from the Constitution

• Households earning less than 8 LPA and owning less than 5 acres can avail reservation • Salary of ₹66000 a month • Is this a new poverty line of India? • Why are those earning more than ₹25000 being taxed? • Reservation is not an anti –poverty programme.

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