Circulatory-system.docx

Circulatory System a. Heart - essential in the system - cardiac muscles for blood distribution b. Veins & Arteries - just as essential in the system main site for blood transport & distribution Diseases 1. Angina Pectoris - angina = localized pain - pectoris = relating to the chest - lack of blood flow to heart (usually temporary) may signify heart disorders - occurs with vomiting, neck, jaw or back discomfort, and sweating - two types: stable (during physical stress) & unstable (severe – occurs at rest) 2. Myocardial Infarction - myo = muscle; cardial = heart. - infarction = obstruction of blood - severe obstruction of blood to heart muscle - results to severe death of muscle tissue - causes: stress, obesity, lack of exercise & underlying heart-related conditions 3. Leukemia - cancer of the body’s blood-forming tissues white blood cells = infection fighters

bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells - may be acute (immature blood cells that can’t function normally) or chronic (mature blood cells which produce too many or too few) - causes: previous cancer treatment, genetic disorders, smoking (acute myelogenous leukemia), family history of leukemia - symptoms: fever/chills, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen, easy bleeding or bruising, recurrent nosebleeds, excessive sweating, bone pain or tenderness 4. Stroke - occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients - Ischemic Stroke: arteries to the brain become narrow or blocked - Hemorrhagic Stroke: blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures - causes: overweight or obese, high cholesterol, diabetes, physical inactivity, heavy drinking & use of illicit drugs, obstructive sleep apnea, personal or family history of stroke - symptoms: trouble with speaking and understanding, seeing in one or both eyes, paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg, & headache

5. Hypertension - greater force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels symptoms: headache, fatigue, chest pain & difficulty breathing - avoid sweets, salty and oily food 6.

Atherosclerosis - buildup of plaque (fats, cholesterol and other substances) in and on your artery walls, which can restrict blood flow. - when plaques suddenly rupture, it can cause: 1. stroke (brain) 2. heart attack (heart)

7. Aneurysms - the enlargement of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall aortic, cerebral and peripheral aneurysms - aneurysm rupture causes: 1. severe chest or back pain 2. angina: chest pain that can lead to heart attack 3. sudden extreme head ache if brain aneurysms lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) which is a stroke.

Technologies 1. Fat Attenuation Index - measure the level of fat that restricts blood flow 2. Smart Watches - wearable technologies that measure heart rate encourage physical activity and allow for early detection 3. Watchman - permanent heart implant to reduce the risk of stroke - designed to close off the left atrial appendage to keep stroke-causing blood clots from escaping 4. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - procedure to open arteries that are closed/blocked non-surgical procedure that uses catheters to narrow the arteries 5. Blood Pressure Monitor - used to keep track with the force exerted by blood to the walls of the blood vessel 6. Angioplasty and Stenting - opens a blocked vessel and improve blood flow 7. Cerebral Angiogram - a diagnostic test that uses an X-ray - produces an image to find blockages or other abnormalities in the blood vessels of your head and neck

- safe and effective way to diagnose and treat brain abnormalities - catheter is inserted in the groin for the cerebral angiogram