Choi 1 Wendy Choi Mr. Nimmo 20th Century World History

Choi 1 Wendy Choi Mr. Nimmo 20th Century World History 22 Sep 2008 A. Plan of Investigation To what extent does post World War II immigration to Australia play a role in the world’s third globalization? As a part of a world where different groups are being increasingly incorporated into each other, it is essential for us to understand the causes and effects of the interconnection. In response to the needs of a more dependable way of traveling following the outbreak of World War II, technological developments greatly accelerated. Thus, visiting other countries is no longer a lengthy and risky voyage of days or even weeks but simply a ride that takes less than a day, depending on one’s destination. In addition, nowadays, communication is no longer held back by distance, for example, business conferences can be made without the conductors traveling to 1

Peter Stalker. Workers Without Frontiers: The Impact of Globalization on International Migration. (West Port, CT: International Labour Organization, 2000) 2.

2

Michael Mandelbaum. The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in the Twenty-first Century. (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005) 90.

3

Thomas Sowell. Migration and Cultures: A World View. (USA: BasicBooks, 1996) 46. 4

Sowell, 45.

5

Graeme Hugo. Journal of Population Research (Nov 2006)

Choi 2 other places. The transportation developments due to World War II stimulate globalization, “a higher plane of organization— one at which discrete national entities are themselves dissolving so that all major political and economic decisions will ultimately be transmitted globally”1. Some historians claim that the first globalization took place when China begins trading along the Silk Road with Europe, while others argue that the first globalization began in Europe and eventually extends to the Middle East during the period of the Roman Empire. Most historians agree that the second globalization takes place “within what came to be known as the trilateral world, which consisted of Western Europe, North America, and Japan” 2. The third globalization, therefore, is the modern world that we inhabit, which has its origins from the 1980s. With the term globalization, one should not only imply the idea of an economic exchange but also an exchange of the people in the world— immigration. With the types of transportation during the era of the second globalization, immigration is highly risky and limited. Thus, it is economically international. Therefore, the first genuine globalization should be what is known as the third globalization of people and economic exchange. After World War II, the Australians realized their small population made them vulnerable to attacks. To cure such problem, the 1

Peter Stalker. Workers Without Frontiers: The Impact of Globalization on International Migration. (West Port, CT: International Labour Organization, 2000) 2.

2

Michael Mandelbaum. The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in the Twenty-first Century. (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005) 90.

3

Thomas Sowell. Migration and Cultures: A World View. (USA: BasicBooks, 1996) 46. 4

Sowell, 45.

5

Graeme Hugo. Journal of Population Research (Nov 2006)

Choi 3 “White Australia” policy is loosened to encourage immigration by subsidizing many of the immigrants.3 Other countries that practiced the same strategy to recruit immigrants included Canada, Argentina, and Brazil with the goal to promote the economic development of their vast unoccupied lands and idle natural resources.4 One may expect the dominant society to influence smaller ones for the Americans has a large impact on their foreign immigrants, but when immigrants settle on Australia, they actually passed on their customs and traditions and greatly influenced the predominant Australian culture. For example, immigration to Australia has “contribute to [their] national development goals by increasing productivity through enhancing the national pool of skilled people.”5 As a result of World War II and the Cold War, an authentic globalization has occurred.

1

Peter Stalker. Workers Without Frontiers: The Impact of Globalization on International Migration. (West Port, CT: International Labour Organization, 2000) 2.

2

Michael Mandelbaum. The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in the Twenty-first Century. (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005) 90.

3

Thomas Sowell. Migration and Cultures: A World View. (USA: BasicBooks, 1996) 46. 4

Sowell, 45.

5

Graeme Hugo. Journal of Population Research (Nov 2006)

Choi 4 F. List of Sources Books: Mandelbaum, Michael. The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in the Twenty-first Century. New York: PublicAffairs, 2005. Stalker, Peter. Workers Without Frontiers: The Impact of Globalization on International Migration. West Port, CT: International Labour Organization, 2000.

1

Peter Stalker. Workers Without Frontiers: The Impact of Globalization on International Migration. (West Port, CT: International Labour Organization, 2000) 2.

2

Michael Mandelbaum. The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in the Twenty-first Century. (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005) 90.

3

Thomas Sowell. Migration and Cultures: A World View. (USA: BasicBooks, 1996) 46. 4

Sowell, 45.

5

Graeme Hugo. Journal of Population Research (Nov 2006)