Chapter_019 Health Precept Ion

Chapter 19: Health Perception Key Terms disease etiology health goals health-illness continuum health perception health promotion health within illness illness population health preventive health care primary health care primary prevention secondary prevention tertiary prevention well-being wellness Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following: • Describe the perception of health for individuals, families, and communities. • Compare factors that affect health for individuals, families, and communities. • Understand the focus of assessment of health in the individual, family, and community. • Identify health goals and expected outcomes in planning for individuals, families, and communities. • Discuss the use of the nursing diagnosis Health-seeking behaviors. • Identify methodologies of intervention for improving the health of individuals, families, and communities. • Evaluate health outcomes in individuals, families, and communities. Chapter Outline CONCEPTS OF HEALTH Health as a National and an International Goal Definitions of Health Health as the Absence of Disease Health as a Continuum Health as Wellness and Well-Being Health in Populations FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH Biology Social Environment Behaviors Physical Environment Public Policy and Intervention

Assessment Individual Health Family Health Community Health Focused Assessment for Health-Seeking Behaviors Diagnosis Planning Intervention Interventions to Promote Health Designing Health Promotion Activities Primary Health Care Interventions to Prevent Illness Levels of Preventive Care Methods of Prevention Evaluation Key Principles • Because we are all citizens of the world, health cannot be viewed from only an individual or a local perspective. • Health is more than the absence of disease. • Health exists on a continuum. • Wellness includes positive physiological function and a sense of well-being. • Population health considers health problems a person encounters by being a part of a group and focuses intervention on the population rather than on the individual. • An individual’s health is affected by many personal, family, and community factors. • Families are the primary unit of health. • Community health studies have revealed that health is also affected by changing conditions in communities. • Influences from internal and genetic factors and from external sources affect health. • Assessment of individual health involves physical, social, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions. • Family health assessment requires gathering health data on each member of the family and on the function of the family as a whole. • Community assessment uses statistics on population data, statistics on the use of services, and data that compare community needs with available services. • The nursing diagnosis Health-seeking behaviors addresses the desire or need for positive health action by individuals. • Primary health care consists of all care necessary to people’s lives and health, including health education, nutrition, sanitation, maternal and child health care, immunizations, prevention, and control of endemic disease. • Nurses carry out preventive health care and health promotion in a multitude of ways each day of nursing practice.