Chapter One: Dental Anatomy

Chapter

One

dental anatomy

1). Deciduous Teeth :The primary dentition is the first set of teeth we get. These are often referred to as baby teeth. There are 20 teeth in the primary dentition. 2) .Permanent Teeth :The second set of teeth that we have is referred to as the permanent dentition. The permanent dentition contains 32 teeth.

In both the maxillary and mandibular arches there are similar teeth. There are three types of deciduous teeth in both arches: I C M I : incisor C: canine M: molar

There are four types of permanent teeth in both arches: I P: premolar

C P M

Incisors 1:.The four front teeth in the mouth are known as incisors. They are located in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. 2: The two center teeth are known as central incisors and the teeth on either side of them are known as lateral incisors. 3: All of these teeth are responsible for cutting or biting food. They act like scissors.

Canines 1)The teeth is located distal to the lateral incisors are known as canines. 2)There are 2 canines in the maxillary arch and 2 canines in the mandibular arch. 3) These teeth are responsible for tearing food particles when chewing. These teeth form the corners of the mouth.

Premolars 1)There are 4 premolars in each arch and two are located behind each canine in the arch. They are referred to as first, second premolars. 2)These teeth are smaller than the molars and are responsible for crushing food in the chewing process. 3) These teeth are only present in the permanent dentition. The primary dentition only consists of incisors, canines and molars.

Molars 1)There are normally 6 molars in each arch; three on the left and three on the right side. 2)They are referred to as first, second and third molars. 3) the third molars: Some people never develop third molars and often these are the molars that are so far back in the mouth that they have difficulty coming in and may have to be taken out. They are also more commonly been called the "wisdom tooth.“ 4)The role of the molars in chewing is to grind the food.

Numbering System Each dental arch is divided into a right and a left quadrant. The quadrants are formed by the midline that passes between the central incisors in each arch. There are four quadrants in the mouth. Teeth are described as being located in one of the four quadrants: right maxillary quadrant, left maxillary quadrant, right mandibular quadrant, or the left mandibular quadrant.

1). the toponymy of teeth a. the toponymy of the deciduous teeth ( with Roman numerals )

Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ

Ⅳ

Ⅴ

Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ

Ⅳ

Ⅴ

b. the toponymy of the permanent teeth ( with Arab numerals )

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

Universal Numbering System (1) This consists of assigning numbers to the teeth in the adult dentition from 1 to 32 starting with the upper right third molar and continuing over to the upper left third molar and then down to the lower left third molar and onto to the lower right third molar.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17

For example: The lower right canine would be tooth #27

A B C D E F G H I J T S R Q P O N M L K

Structure of Teeth 1).the crown :this part is covered with enamel . 2).the root :the root of a tooth is embedded in alveolar bone and is covered by cementum. 3).the neck :the crown and root joint at the cementoenamel junction,this junction is also called the cervical line.

Tissues of the Teeth 1.enamel 2.cementum 3.dentin 4.pulp contains arteries, veins, lymphatic system and nerves.

Periodontal Tissues of the Teeth 1. The alveolar process 2. The periodontal ligament 3.The gums