Chapter 7
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Form 4 Chapter 7
Respiration
Objective Questions 1
Which of the following shows the products of the anaerobic respiration of yeast? A Carbon dioxide and ethanol B Carbon dioxide and lactic acid C Carbon dioxide, ethanol and water D Carbon dioxide, ethanol, water and lactic acid
2
Breathing movements are required by humans to maintain __________in the alveolus. A a low concentration of carbon dioxide gas and a low concentration of water vapour B a low concentration of carbon dioxide gas and a high concentration of oxygen gas C a high concentration of oxygen gas and a low concentration of water vapour D a high concentration of carbon dioxide gas and a low concentration of oxygen gas
3
Figure 1 shows the gaseous exchange surface in a fish.
Figure 1 Which condition will cause the maximum oxygen diffusion rate across the gaseous exchange surface?
A B C D
4
Quantity of oxygen that dissolves in the water Some Some A lot A lot
Quantity of oxygen that dissolves in the blood A lot A lot Some Some
Rate of blood flow Fast Slow Fast Slow
If the head of a grasshopper is immersed into the water while its thorax and abdomen is outside the water, the grasshopper does not die. This is because A the head of the grasshopper is waterproof B the grasshopper can perform anaerobic respiration C the grasshopper can absorb oxygen that is dissolved in the water D the spiracle is located in the thorax and abdomen 1
5
What is represented by the following equation? C6H12O6 A B C D
2C 2 H 5 OH
+
2CO 2 + Energy
Aerobic respiration in plants Aerobic respiration in animals Anaerobic respiration in plants Anaerobic respiration in animals
6
Fish will die if they are removed from water because A the fish gills cannot absorb oxygen from the atmosphere B in the air, the gill filaments will close up and reduce the surface area for gas diffusion C in the air, the fish blood is not efficient in combining with oxygen D the atmospheric oxygen content is too low for the needs of the fish
7
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the insect respiration system? A Branching trachea system B Chitin thickening at the trachea C Direct connection between the trachea and the cell D Trachea is covered with a blood capillary network
8
Figure 2 shows the change in the lung air pressure during a breathing cycle. The atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg.
Figure 2 Which part of the graph represents the time when the ribcage starts to rise? A P B Q C R D S 9
Which of the following occurs during anaerobic respiration in plants? A Ethanol is produced B Oxygen is used C Heat energy is used D Lactic acid is produced 2
10 A large portion of carbon dioxide that is produced in human tissues is circulated to the lungs as A carbaminohaemoglobin in the erythrocyte B carbonic acid dissolved in the lymphatic fluid C bicarbonate ions in the plasma D bicarbonate ions in the erythrocyte 11 Which action causes air to enter the thoracic cavity during inhalation? I Diaphragm muscle contracts II Internal intercostal muscle contracts III Outer intercostals muscle contracts IV Heart contracts A I and III only B II and IV only C I, II and III only D I, II, III and IV 12 The thickening of the chitin on the insect trachea wall functions to A prevent the loss of water vapour B maintain the humidity of the trachea C protect the trachea from injury D prevent the trachea from collapsing 13 All the following statements about ATP are true except A ATP is formed in all living cells B ATP is formed from ADP and phosphate C ATP is the short form for adenosine triphosphate D ATP is a type of enzyme for cell respiration 14
Figure 3 shows the apparatus that is used to measure the rate of oxygen intake by a small animal.
Figure 3 What chemical should be used as substance F? A Potassium pyrogallate B Sodium hydrogen carbonate C Anhydrous cuprum chloride D Lime soda 3
15 Which of the following will happen to a healthy human when blood carbon dioxide increases? I Body temperature becomes low II Heartbeat rate increases III Perspiration rate increases IV Lung circulation increases A I and III only B II and IV only C I and IV only D III and IV only 16 Which of the following characteristics is important for the surface of the mammalian respiration membrane to allow gas to pass through it? I Large membrane surface area II High supply of blood III Wet membrane surface IV Thin cell membrane A I and III only B I and IV only C I, II and III only D I, II, III and IV
4
Structured Questions 1
Figure 1 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to measure the oxygen intake by woodlice. Test tubes P and Q are immersed in the water bath at a temperature of 25°C.
Figure 1 (a) Why are test tubes P and Q placed in a water bath? (b) Based on the principle of pressure and your knowledge of biology, describe how the apparatus set-up in Figure 1 is used to measure the oxygen intake of the woodlice. (c) The experiment above is repeated by replacing the woodlice with cockroaches. What can you predict about the result of the experiment? Explain why. (d) In the space given below, draw a diagram to show the breathing organs of the cockroach.
2
(a) Figure 2 below shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the air that is breathed in and out by humans.
Figure 2
5
A student breathes in and out through tube Z. (i) Draw arrows at parts X and Y to show the flow of air when the student breaths in and out through tube Z. (ii) What is your observation of flasks A and B when the air is flowing through the apparatus? Complete Table 2 below. Breathing out
Breathing in
Flask A Flask B Table 2 (b) Table 3 below shows the result of the experiment to investigate the difference between the air that is breathed in and the air that is breathed out, when a person is breathing normally after carrying out a vigorous activity. (c) Time taken for the bicarbonate indicator solution to change colour (minutes) Breathing normally
After carrying out a vigorous activity
Flask A
25
12
Flask B
4
2 Table 3
(i) (ii)
Explain why the time taken for the bicarbonate indicator solution to change colour is shorter for flask B compared with flask A? Explain why the change for both flasks A and B becomes faster after a person carries out a vigorous activity?
Essay Question (a) (i) Explain the meaning of anaerobic respiration. (ii) How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration? (b) By referring to the pathway and method of transportation, describe the movement of an oxygen molecule from the atmosphere to the heart. (c) Explain briefly how a carbon dioxide molecule in the air that is breathed out by humans can enter a green leaf and finally become a part of a glucose molecule in the leaf cell.
6
Answers Objective Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B C D C B D C
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A C A D D D B B
Structured Questions 1
(a)
To control the air temperature in test tubes P and Q so that it is at 25°C
(b)
Woodlice breathes by absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the potassium hydroxide solution causing the air pressure in test tube P to decrease and become lower than the air pressure in test tube Q. As such, the level of the manometer liquid rises in the arm that is connected to test tube P.
(c)
The level of the manometer liquid rises higher because the rate of oxygen intake in the cockroach is faster than in the woodlice.
(d)
2
(i) Flask A Flask B (b)
Breathing out None Air bubbles
Breathing in Air bubbles None
(i) Atmospheric carbon dioxide content is lower compared with the air that is breathed out (ii) The breathing rate increases after carrying out physical activities and the rate of carbon dioxide release increases
7
Essay Question (a) (i) Anaerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen – This process occurs in yeast and certain bacteria (ii) The differences between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration: 1 In anaerobic respiration, glucose is not fully broken down, and part of the energy is still stored in the ethanol molecule – As such, the energy released from anaerobic respiration differs little from aerobic respiration. 2 Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen compared with aerobic respiration that requires oxygen. 3 The product of glucose decomposition from anaerobic respiration is ethanol/lactic acid. This is different from the products in aerobic respiration, which are carbon dioxide and water. (b) Pathway Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchiole Alveolus to the blood capillary Venule, pulmonary vein, heart
(c)
Method of transportation Breathing in Diffusion Unidirectional blood circulation guided by the crescent valve in the vein
Carbon dioxide gas molecules breathed out by humans atmosphere diffusion enters the leaf through the stoma opening diffusion in the air spaces between the sponge mesophyll cells enters the mesophyll cell photosynthetic process in the mesophyll cell dark stage carbon dioxide is reduced by hydrogen to form glucose
8
Respiration
Objective Questions 1
Which of the following shows the products of the anaerobic respiration of yeast? A Carbon dioxide and ethanol B Carbon dioxide and lactic acid C Carbon dioxide, ethanol and water D Carbon dioxide, ethanol, water and lactic acid
2
Breathing movements are required by humans to maintain __________in the alveolus. A a low concentration of carbon dioxide gas and a low concentration of water vapour B a low concentration of carbon dioxide gas and a high concentration of oxygen gas C a high concentration of oxygen gas and a low concentration of water vapour D a high concentration of carbon dioxide gas and a low concentration of oxygen gas
3
Figure 1 shows the gaseous exchange surface in a fish.
Figure 1 Which condition will cause the maximum oxygen diffusion rate across the gaseous exchange surface?
A B C D
4
Quantity of oxygen that dissolves in the water Some Some A lot A lot
Quantity of oxygen that dissolves in the blood A lot A lot Some Some
Rate of blood flow Fast Slow Fast Slow
If the head of a grasshopper is immersed into the water while its thorax and abdomen is outside the water, the grasshopper does not die. This is because A the head of the grasshopper is waterproof B the grasshopper can perform anaerobic respiration C the grasshopper can absorb oxygen that is dissolved in the water D the spiracle is located in the thorax and abdomen 1
5
What is represented by the following equation? C6H12O6 A B C D
2C 2 H 5 OH
+
2CO 2 + Energy
Aerobic respiration in plants Aerobic respiration in animals Anaerobic respiration in plants Anaerobic respiration in animals
6
Fish will die if they are removed from water because A the fish gills cannot absorb oxygen from the atmosphere B in the air, the gill filaments will close up and reduce the surface area for gas diffusion C in the air, the fish blood is not efficient in combining with oxygen D the atmospheric oxygen content is too low for the needs of the fish
7
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the insect respiration system? A Branching trachea system B Chitin thickening at the trachea C Direct connection between the trachea and the cell D Trachea is covered with a blood capillary network
8
Figure 2 shows the change in the lung air pressure during a breathing cycle. The atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg.
Figure 2 Which part of the graph represents the time when the ribcage starts to rise? A P B Q C R D S 9
Which of the following occurs during anaerobic respiration in plants? A Ethanol is produced B Oxygen is used C Heat energy is used D Lactic acid is produced 2
10 A large portion of carbon dioxide that is produced in human tissues is circulated to the lungs as A carbaminohaemoglobin in the erythrocyte B carbonic acid dissolved in the lymphatic fluid C bicarbonate ions in the plasma D bicarbonate ions in the erythrocyte 11 Which action causes air to enter the thoracic cavity during inhalation? I Diaphragm muscle contracts II Internal intercostal muscle contracts III Outer intercostals muscle contracts IV Heart contracts A I and III only B II and IV only C I, II and III only D I, II, III and IV 12 The thickening of the chitin on the insect trachea wall functions to A prevent the loss of water vapour B maintain the humidity of the trachea C protect the trachea from injury D prevent the trachea from collapsing 13 All the following statements about ATP are true except A ATP is formed in all living cells B ATP is formed from ADP and phosphate C ATP is the short form for adenosine triphosphate D ATP is a type of enzyme for cell respiration 14
Figure 3 shows the apparatus that is used to measure the rate of oxygen intake by a small animal.
Figure 3 What chemical should be used as substance F? A Potassium pyrogallate B Sodium hydrogen carbonate C Anhydrous cuprum chloride D Lime soda 3
15 Which of the following will happen to a healthy human when blood carbon dioxide increases? I Body temperature becomes low II Heartbeat rate increases III Perspiration rate increases IV Lung circulation increases A I and III only B II and IV only C I and IV only D III and IV only 16 Which of the following characteristics is important for the surface of the mammalian respiration membrane to allow gas to pass through it? I Large membrane surface area II High supply of blood III Wet membrane surface IV Thin cell membrane A I and III only B I and IV only C I, II and III only D I, II, III and IV
4
Structured Questions 1
Figure 1 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to measure the oxygen intake by woodlice. Test tubes P and Q are immersed in the water bath at a temperature of 25°C.
Figure 1 (a) Why are test tubes P and Q placed in a water bath? (b) Based on the principle of pressure and your knowledge of biology, describe how the apparatus set-up in Figure 1 is used to measure the oxygen intake of the woodlice. (c) The experiment above is repeated by replacing the woodlice with cockroaches. What can you predict about the result of the experiment? Explain why. (d) In the space given below, draw a diagram to show the breathing organs of the cockroach.
2
(a) Figure 2 below shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the air that is breathed in and out by humans.
Figure 2
5
A student breathes in and out through tube Z. (i) Draw arrows at parts X and Y to show the flow of air when the student breaths in and out through tube Z. (ii) What is your observation of flasks A and B when the air is flowing through the apparatus? Complete Table 2 below. Breathing out
Breathing in
Flask A Flask B Table 2 (b) Table 3 below shows the result of the experiment to investigate the difference between the air that is breathed in and the air that is breathed out, when a person is breathing normally after carrying out a vigorous activity. (c) Time taken for the bicarbonate indicator solution to change colour (minutes) Breathing normally
After carrying out a vigorous activity
Flask A
25
12
Flask B
4
2 Table 3
(i) (ii)
Explain why the time taken for the bicarbonate indicator solution to change colour is shorter for flask B compared with flask A? Explain why the change for both flasks A and B becomes faster after a person carries out a vigorous activity?
Essay Question (a) (i) Explain the meaning of anaerobic respiration. (ii) How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration? (b) By referring to the pathway and method of transportation, describe the movement of an oxygen molecule from the atmosphere to the heart. (c) Explain briefly how a carbon dioxide molecule in the air that is breathed out by humans can enter a green leaf and finally become a part of a glucose molecule in the leaf cell.
6
Answers Objective Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B C D C B D C
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A C A D D D B B
Structured Questions 1
(a)
To control the air temperature in test tubes P and Q so that it is at 25°C
(b)
Woodlice breathes by absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the potassium hydroxide solution causing the air pressure in test tube P to decrease and become lower than the air pressure in test tube Q. As such, the level of the manometer liquid rises in the arm that is connected to test tube P.
(c)
The level of the manometer liquid rises higher because the rate of oxygen intake in the cockroach is faster than in the woodlice.
(d)
2
(i) Flask A Flask B (b)
Breathing out None Air bubbles
Breathing in Air bubbles None
(i) Atmospheric carbon dioxide content is lower compared with the air that is breathed out (ii) The breathing rate increases after carrying out physical activities and the rate of carbon dioxide release increases
7
Essay Question (a) (i) Anaerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen – This process occurs in yeast and certain bacteria (ii) The differences between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration: 1 In anaerobic respiration, glucose is not fully broken down, and part of the energy is still stored in the ethanol molecule – As such, the energy released from anaerobic respiration differs little from aerobic respiration. 2 Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen compared with aerobic respiration that requires oxygen. 3 The product of glucose decomposition from anaerobic respiration is ethanol/lactic acid. This is different from the products in aerobic respiration, which are carbon dioxide and water. (b) Pathway Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchiole Alveolus to the blood capillary Venule, pulmonary vein, heart
(c)
Method of transportation Breathing in Diffusion Unidirectional blood circulation guided by the crescent valve in the vein
Carbon dioxide gas molecules breathed out by humans atmosphere diffusion enters the leaf through the stoma opening diffusion in the air spaces between the sponge mesophyll cells enters the mesophyll cell photosynthetic process in the mesophyll cell dark stage carbon dioxide is reduced by hydrogen to form glucose
8
