Chapter 6 Vocab

Alternating current – an electrical current that first moves one direction, then the opposite direction with a regular frequency. amp – unit of electric current; equivalent to C/s ampere – full name of the unit amp coulomb – unit used to measure quantity of electric charge; equivalent to the charge resulting from the transfer of 6.24 billion particles such as the electron. coulomb’s law – relationship between charge, distance, and magnitude of the electrical force between two bodies. direct current – an electrical current that always moves one direction. electric circuit – maintains an electrical potential, a continuous conducting path for a current to follow, and a device where work is done by the electrical potential; a switch in the circuit is used to complete or interrupt the conducting path. electric current – the flow of electric charge. electric generator – a mechanical device that uses wire loops rotating in a magnetic field to produce electromagnetic induction in order to generate electricity. electric field – force field produced by an electrical charge. electrical conductors – materials that have electrons that are free to move throughout the materials; for example, metals. electrical resistance – the property of opposing or reducing electric current. electromagnet – a magnet formed by a solenoid that can be turned on and off by turning the current on and off. electromagnetic induction – process in which current is induced by moving a loop of wire in a magnetic field or by changing the magnetic field. electrostatic charge – an accumulated electric charge on an object from a surplus or deficiency of electrons; also called the “static electricity”. force field – a model describing action at a distance by giving the magnitude and direction of force on a unit particle; considers a charge or a mass to alter the space surrounding it and a second charge or mass to interact with the altered space with a force. fundamental charge – smallest common charge known; the magnitude of the charge of an electron and proton, which is 1.60 x 10 to the -19th coulomb. magnetic domain – tiny physical regions in a permanent magnets, approximately 0.01 to 1 mm, that have magnetically aligned atoms, giving the domain an overall polarity. magnetic field – model used to describe how magnetic forces on moving charges act at a distance. magnetic poles – the ends, or sides, of a magnet about which the force of the magnetic attraction seems to be concentrated. ohm – unit of resistance; equivalent to volts/amps. Ohm’s law – the electric potential difference is directly proportional to the product of the current times the resistance. transformer – a device consisting of a primary coil of wire connected to a source of alternating current and secondary coil of wire in which electromagnetic induction increases or decrease the voltage of the source. volt – unit of potential difference equivalent to J/C. watt – metric unit for power; equivalent to J/s.

Key Terms alternating current (p. 157) - an electric current that first moves one direction, then the opposite direction with a regular frequency amp (p. 155) - unit of electric current; equivalent to C/s ampere (p. 155) - full name of the unit amp coulomb (p. 150) - unit used to measure quantity of electric charge; equivalent to the charge resulting from the transfer of 6.24 billion particles such as the electron Coulomb’s law (p. 150) - relationship between charge, distance, and magnitude of the electrical force between two bodies direct current (p. 157) - an electrical current that always moves in one direction electric circuit (p. 154) - consists of a voltage source that maintains an electrical potential, a continuous conducting path for a current to follow, and a device where work is done by the electrical potential; a switch in the circuit is used to complete or interrupt the conducting path electric current (p. 153) - the flow of electric charge electric field (p. 151) - force field produced by an electrical charge electric generator (p. 173) - a mechanical device that uses wire loops rotating in a magnetic field to produce electromagnetic induction in order to generate electricity electrical conductors (p. 149) - materials that have electrons that are free to move throughout the material; for example, metals electrical resistance (p. 157) - the property of opposing or reducing electric current electromagnet (p. 169) - a magnet formed by a solenoid that can be turned on and off by turning the current on and off electromagnetic induction (p. 171) - process in which current is induced by moving a loop of wire in a magnetic field or by changing the magnetic field electrostatic charge (p. 148) - an accumulated electric charge on an object from a surplus or deficiency of electrons; also called "static electricity" force field (p. 151) - a model describing action at a distance by giving the magnitude and direction of force on a unit particle; considers a charge or a mass to alter the space

surrounding it and a second charge or mass to interact with the altered space with a force fundamental charge (p. 155) - smallest common charge known; the magnitude of the charge of an electron and a proton, which is 1.60 ⋅ 10-19 coulomb magnetic domain (p. 165) - tiny physical regions in permanent magnets, approximately 0.01 to 1 mm, that have magnetically aligned atoms, giving the domain an overall polarity magnetic field (p. 163) - model used to describe how magnetic forces on moving charges act at a distance magnetic poles (p. 163) - the ends, or sides, of a magnet about which the force of magnetic attraction seems to be concentrated ohm (p. 157) - unit of resistance; equivalent to volts/amps Ohm’s law (p. 159) - the electric potential difference is directly proportional to the product of the current times the resistance transformer (p. 174) - a device consisting of a primary coil of wire connected to a source of alternating current and a secondary coil of wire in which electromagnetic induction increases or decreases the voltage of the source volt (p. 153) - unit of potential difference equivalent to J/C watt (p. 160) - metric unit for power; equivalent to J/s