Chapter 4 Form 3

Chapter 4- Reproduction 1. Reproduction – the process in which new individuals/ offspring are produced by existing ones. 2. Reproduction important because: - to ensure the survival - continuity of a species 3. Animals and plants can produce sexually or asexually. Sexual reproduction 1. Sexual reproduction – involves gametes/ reproductive cells 2. Gametes are reproductive cells from 2 parents of different sexes.

The male gamete is known as a sperm where as the female gamete is known as an ovum. 4. The fusion of the male gamete and the female gamete formed a zygote. The process is known as fertilisation. 5. The zygote will develop into new individual/ offspring. 3.

Copy figure 4.1 page 49

Internal and external fertilisation 1. There are 2 types of fertilisation: internal and external fertilisation. Internal fertilisation

External fertilisation

1. Occurs inside the female body 2. The zygote formed develops inside the female body

1. Occurs outside the female body 2. The zygote formed develops in the water. Fertilisation usually occurs in the water 3. Examples: amphibians, fishes

3. Examples: humans, mammals, birds, reptiles, insects

The similarity and differences between sexual and asexual reproduction.

1. Similarity – both process result in the production of offspring to ensure survival and continuity of a species. 2. Differences: Sexual Asexual reproduction reproduction 1. Involves two 1. Involves only individuals, male one/ single parent and female 2. Involves the 2. Does not production of produce any gametes gametes 3. The number of 3. The number of offspring produced offspring are more is limited at a faster rate

The male reproductive system The parts of the male reproductive system and their functions. Bil Structure 1 Testis

2 3

Scrotum Sperm duct

4 5

Prostate gland Semen

6

Urethra

7

Penis

Function - To produce male gamete/sperm - located outside of the body because sperms cannot form at human body temperature - to protect the testis - to sperm move out from the testis - produces milky fluid that protects the sperms - the mixture of sperm and secretion of prostate gland - a tube that allows urine to flow out of the body - allows the sperms to move from the sperm duct to penis - transfer sperms into the female reproductive organ