Chapter 4-4, 5 And 6

Chapter 4 Guidepost 4, 5 and 6

4. How can we tell if a newborn baby is healthy • • • • • • •

APGAR Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration The Apgar score is determined by evaluating the newborn baby on five simple criteria on a scale from zero to two and summing up the five values thus obtained. The resulting Apgar score ranges from zero to 10.

4. How can we tell if a newborn baby is healthy • Interpretation of scores • The test is generally done at one and five minutes after birth, and may be repeated later if the score is and remains low. Scores below 3 are generally regarded as critically low, 4 to 6 fairly low, and over 7 generally normal.

5. What complications of childbirth can endanger newborn babies’ adjustment or even their lives? • Birth Trauma – this refers to injuries sustained during the birth and might be due to anoxia or other injuries.

5. What complications of childbirth can endanger newborn babies’ adjustment or even their lives?

• Low Birth weight –can be caused by a variety of factors including • • •

Smoking - women who smoke are 2-3 times more likely to have a LBW baby · Exposure to second hand smoke can also contribute to LBW · Stress

• • •

• •

• • •

Abuse and /or family violence · Living in poverty · Poor nutrition - women who do not gain at least 10 kg (22lb) are 2-3 times more likely to have a LBW baby · Being under weight before becoming pregnant · Mothers age at time of pregnancy - women under 20 and over 45 are more likely to have a LBW baby. · Lack of social support · Exhaustion or lack of rest · Use of alcohol & drugs

5. What complications of childbirth can endanger newborn babies’ adjustment or even their lives? • Mothers of LBW babies have a greater chance of having postpartum depression. • Parents of LBW babies report difficulties in their marital relationship - this adds to their already high level of stress

5. What complications of childbirth can endanger newborn babies’ adjustment or even their lives? •

Mothers of LBW babies need a longer time before returning to work and take more days off, once they have returned to work, to care for their children's health needs.

5. What complications of childbirth can endanger newborn babies’ adjustment or even their lives? • •

Dangers of Low Birth Weight to the baby Babies who are born LBW and/or preterm (before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy) are at greater risk of having: – learning difficulties – vision difficulties – chronic respiratory problems like asthma

•

cerebral palsy

• The earlier the baby is born, the more likely problems will result

6. How can we enhance babies’ chances of survival and health? • SIDS • 1.Tummy (prone) or side sleeping Infants who are put to sleep on their tummy or side are more likely to die from SIDS than infants who sleep on their backs.

6. How can we enhance babies’ chances of survival and health? • SIDS • Soft sleep surfaces Sleeping on a waterbed, couch, sofa, or pillows, or sleeping with stuffed toys has been associated with an increased risk for SIDS.Loose Bedding Sleeping with pillows or loose bedding such as comforters, quilts, and blankets increases and infant's risk for SIDS.

6. How can we enhance babies’ chances of survival and health? • SIDS • Overheating Infants who overheat because they are overdressed, have too many blankets on, or are in a room that is too hot are at a higher risk of SIDS

6. How can we enhance babies’ chances of survival and health? • SIDS • Smoking Infants born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy are at increased risk of SIDS. Also infants exposed to smoke at home or at daycare are more likely to die from SIDS.

6. How can we enhance babies’ chances of survival and health? • •

•

SIDS Bed sharing Sharing a bed with anyone other than the parents or caregivers and with people who smoke or are under the influence of alcohol or drugs, increases an infant's risk for SIDS. The safest place for an infant to sleep is in their own crib or other separate safe sleep surface next to the parent or caregiver's bed. Preterm and low birth weight infants Infants born premature or low birth weight are more likely to die from SIDS. End of sec 6