Name ________________________
Course/Section_______________________
Date _________________________
Professor/TA ________________________
ANSWERS Chapter 2 Worksheet for Case Study in the Process of Science #1 How Are Space Rocks Analyzed for Signs of Life? Instructions 1. Go to www.campbellbiology.com or the Essential Biology student CDROM. 2. Select Chapter 2 from the pulldown menu. 3. On the left, click on "Case Studies in the Process of Science." 4. Click on "How Are Space Rocks Analyzed for Signs of Life?" 5. Read the text in the upper right, and follow the instructions. Instead of typing your
Lab Notebook Element Aluminum Carbon Hydrogen Iron Nitrogen Phosphorus Oxygen Silicon Notes
Rock 1 8.10 0.14 0.28 4.86 0.14 0.14 47.14 28.32
Rock 2 4.90 26.12 4.16 3.10 1.38 0.50 36.88 18.44
Rock 3 4.62 33.00 6.40 2.30 1.58 0.54 32.38 16.14
____________________________________________________________________________________ Campbell/Reece/Simon Essential Biology 2e and Essential Biology with Physiology © Pearson Education
1
Lab Report 1. Explain a probable elemental analysis test you could develop to determine whether a microscopic organism collected on a rock from another planet was recently alive or died many years ago. The elemental analysis of a living and a dead organism will vary with the length of time the creature has been dead. A freshly dead organism may not vary much in elemental composition from a living one. However, older dead specimens decayed like a fossil will be lower in hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus. The carbon content would probably be the same. Scientists can also measure isotope concentrations to approximate whether the organism died recently or many years ago. 2. Explain which rock(s) provide the best evidence for life on its planet of origin. Rocks 2 and 3 have the best evidence of life. Two of the samples from Rock 2 match the elemental composition of organisms from Earth. Rock 3 presents values represent a uniform mixture of the elemental composition of inanimate rock and organisms from Earth. All the samples from Rock 1 are uniformly indicative of inanimate rock. 3. What further analyses would need to be done on Rock 3 to further support evidence of life on its planet of origin? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Campbell/Reece/Simon Essential Biology 2e and Essential Biology with Physiology © Pearson Education
2
Smaller samples of Rock 3 would have to be analyzed to see if its elemental composition matched that of Rock 2. 4. Explain what you would have to do to show that the elements found on Rocks 2 and 3 came from living organisms. You would have to look at the organization of the elements to see if they are arranged into molecules indicative of life. You make also have to find some evidence that some aspect of the hierarchy of biological organization is present.
____________________________________________________________________________________ Campbell/Reece/Simon Essential Biology 2e and Essential Biology with Physiology © Pearson Education
3