Chapter 1 Sample Test Living Things.doc

chapter 1 sample test - living things Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____

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1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that all living things share? a. a cellular organization b. using energy c. movement d. reproduction 2. A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes it to react is called a. a response. b. a stimulus. c. energy. d. development. 3. Which of the following do all living things need to survive? a. water b. oxygen c. sunlight d. carbon dioxide 4. Homeostasis refers to an organism’s ability to a. maintain stable internal conditions. b. compete for living space. c. dissolve chemicals. d. obtain energy. 5. Which of the following would you use to identify an organism? a. a domain b. a controlled experiment c. a taxonomic key d. a eukaryote 6. Scientists hypothesize that the first life forms on Earth a. were multicellular organisms. b. lived on land. c. did not need oxygen to survive. d. resembled today’s plants. 7. Which of the following was true about the experiment conducted by Miller and Urey? a. The conditions of early Earth were recreated in a flask. b. Oxygen was added to a flask. c. Cells were produced in a flask. d. Unicellular organisms were added to a flask. 8. To survive on Earth, the first cells needed the ability to a. take in oxygen from the atmosphere. b. make their own food. c. use chemicals in their surroundings for energy. d. combine to form multicellular organisms. 9. What is taxonomy? a. the scientific study of how living things are classified b. the name of Aristotle’s classification system

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c. the process used by geologists to classify rocks d. the process of observing an organism’s behavior Why do scientists organize living things into groups? a. so they can find them in the wild more easily b. so that the organisms are easier to study c. so they can make sense of the variety of rocks on Earth d. so products from living things can be easily found in groceries An organism’s scientific name consists of a. its class name and its family name. b. its kingdom name and its phylum name. c. its genus name and its species name. d. its phylum name and its species name. Which is the broadest classification level? a. family b. domain c. phylum d. species The more classification levels that two organisms share, a. the closer together on Earth they live. b. the easier it is to tell them apart. c. the more characteristics they have in common. d. the more distantly related they are. What is one way in which scientists get information about the evolutionary history of species? a. by comparing organisms’ body structures b. by observing where organisms live c. by observing what organisms eat d. by studying how organisms move The gradual change in species over time is called a. taxonomy. b. homeostasis. c. evolution. d. classification. One characteristic used to place organisms into kingdoms is a. how they move. b. where they live. c. their ability to make food. d. their ability to reproduce. Which group of organisms includes only multicellular heterotrophs? a. protists b. bacteria c. plants d. animals Which is the most abundant chemical found in living cells? a. water b. carbohydrates c. proteins d. nucleic acids The experiments of Redi and Pasteur helped to demonstrate that a. species gradually change over time.

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b. living things do not arise from nonliving material. c. organisms can be placed in groups based on their similarities. d. the chemicals of life could have arisen on early Earth. Which classification level is broader than the kingdom level? a. order b. class c. family d. domain A plant grows toward the light. The plant’s action is an example of a. reproduction. b. a response. c. a stimulus. d. development. Spontaneous generation is a mistaken idea because living things a. exhibit binomial nomenclature. b. are produced only by living things. c. do not reproduce. d. maintain homeostasis. What contribution of Charles Darwin had a major impact on classification? a. binomial nomenclature b. taxonomy c. seven levels of classification d. his theory of evolution The source of energy for most autotrophs is a. water. b. the sun. c. heterotrophs. d. other autotrophs. Which domain(s) include(s) only prokaryotes? a. Bacteria and Archaea b. Bacteria only c. Archaea only d. Eukarya only Which of the following characteristics do all plants share? a. being unicellular b. producing flowers c. being a prokaryote d. being an autotroph Which kingdoms include both unicellular and multicellular organisms? a. fungi and plants b. fungi and protists c. protists and animals d. protists and plants An organism that makes its own food is called a(n) a. heterotroph. b. eukaryote. c. autotroph. d. prokaryote. Taxonomic keys can be used to help determine the

a. size of organisms. b. needs of organisms. c. identity of organisms. d. behavior of organisms. ____ 30. One basis for placing organisms into different domains is a. habitat. b. the chemical makeup of their cells. c. color. d. name. Modified True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true. ____ 31. Growth is the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism. _________________________ ____ 32. A horse is a(n) heterotroph. _________________________ ____ 33. Hypotheses about the first forms of life on Earth are consistent with evidence obtained from fossils of organisms that lived about 3.5 billion years ago. _________________________ ____ 34. The scientific study of how organisms are classified is called binomial nomenclature. _________________________ ____ 35. Alligators and crocodiles are classified in the same order and therefore probably have different evolutionary histories. _________________________ ____ 36. In the name Acer rubrum, the word rubrum designates the species. ___________________ ____ 37. Each genus of organisms is divided into classes. _________________________ ____ 38. Mushrooms, molds, and mildew are members of the fungi kingdom. _________________________ ____ 39. Archaea and Bacteria are two domains of eukaryotes. _________________________ ____ 40. In a controlled experiment, a scientist carries out two tests that are identical in every respect except for one factor. _________________________ Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 41. A(n) ____________________ organism is a living thing that is composed of many cells. 42. An organism reacts to a stimulus with a(n) ____________________. 43. Organisms that make their own food are called ____________________. 44. An organism’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in its surroundings is called ____________________. 45. Most of today’s organisms could not have lived on Earth 3.6 billion years ago because there was no ____________________ in the air then. 46. A(n) ____________________ consists of paired statements about the characteristics of different organisms.

47. Scientists think that the first life forms on Earth probably were unicellular heterotrophs, did not need oxygen to survive, and lived in Earth’s ____________________. 48. Traces of ancient organisms that have been preserved in rock or other substances are known as ____________________. 49. The process of grouping things based on similarities is called ____________________. 50. Biologists find ____________________ useful because this scientific study gives them much information about an organism based on its classification. 51. The bones in the wing of a bat are similar to the bones in the flipper of a whale. This information suggests that bats and whales have a similar ____________________ history. 52. The modern system of classification is based on the theory of ____________________, which was first proposed by Charles Darwin. 53. The first word in an organism’s scientific name is its ____________________. 54. ____________________ developed a naming system that grouped organisms on the basis of their observable features. 55. In the modern classification system used by biologists, the broadest level of organization is called a(n) ____________________. 56. Each genus of organisms contains one or more ____________________. 57. An owl and a bat share the same kingdom and phylum; an owl and a robin share the same kingdom, phylum, and class. The owl and ____________________ have more characteristics in common. 58. Archaea are not classified with ____________________, the other prokaryote domain, because they have different chemical makeups. 59. The ____________________ kingdom is the only kingdom of eukaryotes that contains both autotrophs and heterotrophs and both unicellular and multicellular organisms. 60. Multicellular organisms are found in the protist, fungi, animal, and ____________________ kingdoms. Short Answer Use the diagram to answer each question.

61. What conditions were Miller and Urey trying to recreate in their experiment? 62. What did Miller and Urey place in the flask? 63. Why did Miller and Urey send an electric current through the mixture? 64. What kinds of substances accumulated inside the collection chamber within a week? 65. What information did Miller and Urey’s experiment provide about the possible origin of life on Earth? 66. Why were Miller and Urey especially careful to keep oxygen out of their equipment? Use the diagram to answer each question.

Table of Classification Labels Classification Level

Aardwolf

Gray Wolf

Coyote

Lion

Blue Whale

Kingdom

Animalia

Animalia

Animalia

Animalia

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Chordata

Chordata

Chordata

Chordata

Class

Mammalia

Mammalia

Mammalia

Mammalia

Mammalia

Order

Carnivora

Carnivora

Carnivora

Carnivora

Cetacea

Family

Hyaenidae

Canidae

Canidae

Felidae

Balenopteridae

Genus

Proteles

Canis

Canis

Panthera

Balaenoptera

Species

Proteles cristatus

Canis lupus

Canis latrans

Panthera leo

Balaenoptera musculus

67. What classification groups do all of the organisms in the table have in common? 68. In what two ways are the organisms in the table similar to organisms in the plant kingdom? 69. Which of the organisms in the table is least similar to the others? Explain. 70. Which of the organisms in the table is (are) most similar to a tiger (Panthera tigris)? Explain. 71. Based on the information in the table, which two organisms would you say have the most similar evolutionary history? Explain. 72. Based on their kingdoms, what are the shared characteristics of the organisms in the table? Essay 73. Computers use energy and respond to certain stimuli, such as commands from the user. Why, then, are computers not considered living things? 74. How do organisms differ in the ways they obtain their energy source, or food? 75. Explain why the organisms that require oxygen today owe their existence to the early autotrophs on Earth. 76. Use an example to explain why the common names of organisms are sometimes confusing. How can using scientific names help avoid the confusion? 77. What are Linnaeus’ two major contributions to taxonomy? 78. A person tells you that two organisms belong to the same family but to different classes. Can that information be correct? Explain. 79. Why is the protist kingdom sometimes called the “odds and ends” kingdom? 80. Imagine a planet with an atmosphere like Earth’s atmosphere billions of years ago. Which organisms present on Earth today do you think would be most likely to survive on that planet? Explain your reasoning.

chapter 1 sample test - living things Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: STO: 2. ANS: STO: 3. ANS: STO: 4. ANS: STO: 5. ANS: STO: 6. ANS: STO: 7. ANS: STO: 8. ANS: STO: 9. ANS: STO: 10. ANS: STO: 11. ANS: STO: 12. ANS: OBJ: 13. ANS: STO: 14. ANS: STO: 15. ANS: STO: 16. ANS: STO: 17. ANS: STO: 18. ANS: STO: 19. ANS: STO: 20. ANS: STO: 21. ANS: OBJ: 22. ANS:

C DIF: L1 REF: p. A-7 OBJ: 5.5.A.2, 5.5.A.2.a B DIF: L1 REF: p. A-8 OBJ: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.A.2.d, 5.1.B.2 A DIF: L1 REF: p. A-13 OBJ: 5.1.B.1, 5.1.B.2, 5.1.B.3 A DIF: L2 REF: p. A-14 OBJ: 5.1.A.1 C DIF: L2 REF: p. A-22 OBJ: 5.2.B.2, 5.5.B.2, 5.5.C.1 C DIF: L1 REF: p. A-31 OBJ: 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1 A DIF: L2 REF: p. A-31 OBJ: 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1 C DIF: L1 REF: p. A-32 OBJ: 5.8.A.1 A DIF: L1 REF: p. A-17 OBJ: 5.3.D.1.a, 5.3.A.1.b, 5.2.B.1 B DIF: L1 REF: p. A-17 OBJ: 5.3.D.1.a, 5.3.A.1.b, 5.2.B.1 C DIF: L2 REF: p. A-18 OBJ: 5.5.B.1, 5.1, 5.1.A.2 B DIF: L2 REF: p. A-20, p. A-21 A.1.2.2 STO: 5.5.B.1 C DIF: L1 REF: p. A-20 OBJ: 5.5.B.1 A DIF: L2 REF: p. A-23 OBJ: 5.5.B.1, 5.1.A.4, 5.1.B.3 C DIF: L1 REF: p. A-23 OBJ: 5.5.B.1, 5.1.A.4, 5.1.B.3 C DIF: L1 REF: p. A-26 OBJ: 5.5.B.1, 5.1, 5.1.B.3 D DIF: L3 REF: p. A-29 OBJ: 5.5.B.1, 5.5.A.2.d A DIF: L2 REF: p. A-8 OBJ: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.A.2.d, 5.1.B.2 B DIF: L2 REF: p. A-11 OBJ: 5.5, 5.1.B.1 D DIF: L1 REF: p. A-20 OBJ: 5.5.B.1 B DIF: L3 REF: p. A-8, p. A-9 A.1.1.1 STO: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.A.2.d, 5.1.B.2, 5.5.A.2 B DIF: L2 REF: p. A-10 OBJ:

A.1.1.1 A.1.1.1 A.1.1.3 A.1.1.3 A.1.2.3 A.1.4.1 A.1.4.1 A.1.4.2 A.1.2.1 A.1.2.1 A.1.2.1

A.1.2.2 A.1.2.4 A.1.2.4 A.1.3.1 A.1.3.3 A.1.1.1 A.1.1.2 A.1.2.2

A.1.1.2

23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

STO: ANS: STO: ANS: STO: ANS: STO: ANS: STO: ANS: STO: ANS: STO: ANS: STO: ANS: OBJ:

5.5, 5.5.A D DIF: L2 REF: p. A-23 OBJ: 5.5.B.1, 5.1.A.4, 5.1.B.3 B DIF: L3 REF: p. A-12 OBJ: 5.5.A, 5.5.A.2, 5.1.B.3 A DIF: L2 REF: p. A-27 OBJ: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1 D DIF: L1 REF: p. A-28 OBJ: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1, 5.1 B DIF: L2 REF: p. A-28 OBJ: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1, 5.1 C DIF: L1 REF: p. A-12 OBJ: 5.5.A, 5.5.A.2, 5.1.B.3 C DIF: L1 REF: p. A-22 OBJ: 5.2.B.2, 5.5.B.2, 5.5.C.1 B DIF: L2 REF: p. A-26, p. A-27 A.1.3.1 STO: 5.5.B.1, 5.1, 5.1.B.3, 5.5.A.2.a

A.1.2.4 A.1.1.3 A.1.3.2 A.1.3.3 A.1.3.3 A.1.1.3 A.1.2.3

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 31. ANS: F, Development DIF: 32. ANS: OBJ: 33. ANS: OBJ: 34. ANS:

L1 T A.1.1.3 T A.1.4.2 F, taxonomy

OBJ: A.1.1.1 DIF: L3 STO: 5.5.A, 5.5.A.2, 5.1.B.3 DIF: L2 STO: 5.8.A.1

STO: 5.5.A.2, 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.A.2.d REF: p. A-12

DIF: L1 35. ANS: F, similar

REF: p. A-17

STO: 5.3.D.1.a, 5.3.A.1.b, 5.2.B.1

DIF: 36. ANS: OBJ: 37. ANS:

L3 T A.1.2.1 F, phylum

REF: p. A-23

DIF: 38. ANS: OBJ: 39. ANS:

L2 REF: p. A-20 OBJ: A.1.2.2 T DIF: L1 A.1.3.3 STO: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1, 5.1 F, prokaryotes

DIF: L2 40. ANS: T OBJ: A.1.1.2 COMPLETION

REF: p. A-9

OBJ: A.1.2.1

OBJ: A.1.2.4 DIF: L3 STO: 5.5.B.1, 5.1, 5.1.A.2

REF: p. A-27 STO: 5.5, 5.5.A

OBJ: A.1.3.1 DIF: L1

REF: p. A-32

STO: 5.5.B.1, 5.1.A.4, 5.1.B.3 REF: p. A-18

STO: 5.5.B.1 REF: p. A-28

STO: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1 REF: p. A-10

41. ANS: multicellular DIF: L1 42. ANS: response

REF: p. A-7

OBJ: A.1.1.1

STO: 5.5.A.2, 5.5.A.2.a

DIF: L1 43. ANS: autotrophs

REF: p. A-9

OBJ: A.1.1.1

STO: 5.5.A.2, 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.A.2.d

DIF: L1 44. ANS: homeostasis

REF: p. A-12

OBJ: A.1.1.3

STO: 5.5.A, 5.5.A.2, 5.1.B.3

DIF: L2 45. ANS: oxygen

REF: p. A-14

OBJ: A.1.1.3

STO: 5.1.A.1

DIF: L2 REF: p. A-31 46. ANS: taxonomic key

OBJ: A.1.4.1

STO: 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1

DIF: L2 47. ANS: oceans

REF: p. A-22

OBJ: A.1.2.3

STO: 5.2.B.2, 5.5.B.2, 5.5.C.1

DIF: L2 48. ANS: fossils

REF: p. A-31

OBJ: A.1.4.1

STO: 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1

DIF: L1 REF: p. A-32 49. ANS: classification

OBJ: A.1.4.2

STO: 5.8.A.1

DIF: L1 50. ANS: taxonomy

REF: p. A-17

OBJ: A.1.2.1

STO: 5.3.D.1.a, 5.3.A.1.b, 5.2.B.1

DIF: L2 REF: p. A-17 51. ANS: evolutionary

OBJ: A.1.2.1

STO: 5.3.D.1.a, 5.3.A.1.b, 5.2.B.1

DIF: L3 52. ANS: evolution

REF: p. A-23

OBJ: A.1.2.4

STO: 5.5.B.1, 5.1.A.4, 5.1.B.3

DIF: L1 53. ANS: genus

REF: p. A-23

OBJ: A.1.2.4

STO: 5.5.B.1, 5.1.A.4, 5.1.B.3

DIF: L2 54. ANS: Linnaeus

REF: p. A-18

OBJ: A.1.2.1

STO: 5.5.B.1, 5.1, 5.1.A.2

DIF: L2 55. ANS: domain

REF: p. A-18

OBJ: A.1.2.1

STO: 5.5.B.1, 5.1, 5.1.A.2

DIF: L1 56. ANS: species

REF: p. A-20

OBJ: A.1.2.2

STO: 5.5.B.1

DIF: L2 57. ANS: robin

REF: p. A-20

OBJ: A.1.2.2

STO: 5.5.B.1

DIF: L3 58. ANS: Bacteria

REF: p. A-20

OBJ: A.1.2.2

STO: 5.5.B.1

DIF: L1 59. ANS: protist

REF: p. A-27

OBJ: A.1.3.2

STO: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1

DIF: L2 60. ANS: plant

REF: p. A-28

OBJ: A.1.3.3

STO: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1, 5.1

REF: p. A-28

OBJ: A.1.3.3

STO: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1, 5.1

DIF: L2 SHORT ANSWER

61. ANS: They were trying to recreate the conditions of early Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. DIF: L2 REF: p. A-31 OBJ: A.1.4.1 STO: 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1 62. ANS: The flask contained water and a mixture of the gases thought to compose early Earth’s atmosphere. DIF: L2 REF: p. A-31 OBJ: A.1.4.1 63. ANS: The electric current was used to simulate lightning.

STO: 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1

DIF: L1 REF: p. A-31 OBJ: A.1.4.1 STO: 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1 64. ANS: The substances that accumulated were small chemical units that, if joined together, could form proteins. DIF: L3 REF: p. A-31 OBJ: A.1.4.2 STO: 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1 65. ANS: The experiment showed that the building blocks of proteins could form under conditions similar to those present on early Earth. DIF: L3 REF: p. A-31 OBJ: A.1.4.1 STO: 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1 66. ANS: Miller and Urey wanted to recreate the conditions on early Earth that caused life to appear. The atmosphere of early Earth had little or no oxygen. DIF: L3 REF: p. A-31 OBJ: A.1.4.1 67. ANS: The groups in common are kingdom, phylum, and class.

STO: 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1

DIF: L1 REF: p. A-20, p. A-21 STO: 5.5.B.1 68. ANS: All are multicellular and eukaryotes.

OBJ: A.1.2.2

DIF: L3

REF: p. A-28, p. A-29

OBJ: A.1.3.3

STO: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1, 5.1, 5.5.A.2.d 69. ANS: The blue whale is least similar. All of the others are in the same order, but the blue whale is in a different order. DIF: L2 REF: p. A-20 OBJ: A.1.2.2 STO: 5.5.B.1 70. ANS: The lion is most similar to a tiger, because both are members of the same genus. The gray wolf and coyote belong to different genera, the aardwolf belongs to a different family, and the whale belongs to a different order. DIF: L3 REF: p. A-20 OBJ: A.1.2.2 STO: 5.5.B.1 71. ANS: The gray wolf and the coyote probably have the most similar evolutionary history, since they are members of the same genus. All others belong to different genera. DIF: L3 REF: p. A-23 OBJ: A.1.2.4 72. ANS: All of the organisms are heterotrophs and multicellular. DIF: L3

REF: p. A-29

OBJ: A.1.3.3

STO: 5.5.B.1, 5.1.A.4, 5.1.B.3

STO: 5.5.B.1, 5.5.A.2.d

ESSAY 73. ANS: Computers do not have all of the characteristics of living things. Computers are not composed of cells. They cannot reproduce. They do not grow and develop. DIF: L2 REF: p. A-7 OBJ: A.1.1.1 STO: 5.5.A.2, 5.5.A.2.a 74. ANS: Organisms may be autotrophs or heterotrophs. Autotrophs can make their own food from nonliving things. Heterotrophs cannot make food and must consume other organisms as their energy source. DIF: L2 REF: p. A-12 OBJ: A.1.1.3 STO: 5.5.A, 5.5.A.2, 5.1.B.3 75. ANS: The early autotrophs produced oxygen as a waste product when they made their food. Over millions of years, oxygen accumulated in Earth’s atmosphere. The presence of oxygen made it possible for organisms that require oxygen to survive and evolve. DIF: L3 REF: p. A-32 OBJ: A.1.4.2 STO: 5.8.A.1 76. ANS: The same organism may have different common names in different areas. For example, the same animal may be called a woodchuck, groundhog, or whistlepig. An organism has only one scientific name, though, so all scientists will use the same name for it. DIF: L3 REF: p. A-19 OBJ: A.1.2.1 STO: 5.5.B.1 77. ANS: Linnaeus placed organisms in groups based on their observable characteristics. He developed the naming system called binomial nomenclature.

DIF: L2 REF: p. A-18 OBJ: A.1.2.1 STO: 5.5.B.1, 5.1, 5.1.A.2 78. ANS: No, that information cannot be correct. A family is a subgroup of one order, and an order is a subgroup of one class. Therefore, any two organisms that belong to the same family must also belong to the same class. DIF: L3 REF: p. A-20, p. A-21 OBJ: A.1.2.2 STO: 5.5.B.1 79. ANS: The protist kingdom is referred to as the odds and ends kingdom because its members differ so much from one another. Some are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs; some are unicellular and some are multicellular. DIF: L3 REF: p. A-28 OBJ: A.1.3.3 STO: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1, 5.1 80. ANS: The archaea that can live without oxygen and in extreme environments, such as polar ice caps, hot springs, or the mud of ocean bottoms, would be most likely to survive. Earth’s early atmosphere probably had little or no oxygen and was an extreme environment because of frequent volcanic eruptions, lightning, and violent weather. DIF: L3 REF: p. A-27, p. A-31 STO: 5.5.A.2.a, 5.5.B.1, 5.2.B.1, 5.2.A.1.a, 5.1.A.1

OBJ: A.1.3.2, A.1.4.1