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Learning Objectives:
• • • • • • •
Define what Psychology is Briefly explicate the historical development of modern psychology Identify the traditional School of Psychology Describe the contemporary psychology Describe the 21st century psychology Differentiate the areas of psychology Identify the goals of Psychology
- The scientific study of behaviour and mental
processes
A Science Evolves
- In 1859, Charles Darwin, a British naturalist established t
SCHOOL
PROPONENT
SUBJECT MATTER
Structuralism
Edward B. Titchener
Structures of the mind composed of images, sensations and feelings.
Functionalism
William James
How mind functions in the adjustment of man to his environment.
Gestalt Psychology
Max Wertheimer Wolfgang Kohler Kurt Koffka
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Behaviorism
John B. Watson
Overt behavior means observable behavior - The importance of learning and the environment
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Past experiences influence the present behavior.
Contemporary Psychology
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: studies how people perceive, learn, remember and think about information. HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY: emphasizes a person’s capacity to personal growth, freedom to choose a destiny and positive qualities. EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY: seeks to understand the meaning of man’s existence.
Thematic Apperception Test
21st Century Psychology
COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE - focuses on cognitive processes and relies heavily on the methods and findings of neuroscience - ( the branch of biology that deals with the brain and nervous system.
Affective Neuroscience: Socio-cognitive Neuroscience:
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY holds that psychological mechanism have a genetic basis and in the past increased our ancestor’s chances of surviving and reproducing.
CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY
- is concerned with how the culture in which an individ
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
- emerged to balance the understanding of mental illness and th
A. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY B. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY C. DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY D. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY E. SOCIO-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY This studies the ways in which the nervous system and other organs provide the basis for behaviour and mental processes.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY This studies thinking, perceiving, planning, imagining, creating, dreaming, and problem-solving.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY This field is concerned with changes that take place in people during their life span as we grow from birth through old age.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY This studies the influence of other people on our behaviour, interpersonal attraction and intimate relationship, attitudes and prejudice toward others.
SOCIO-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY
This focuses on ethnic and cultural factors, gender identity, sexual orientation and related issues.
SOCIOLOGY
A. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
B. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY C. EDUCATIONAL / SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY D. INDUSTRIAL / ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY E. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY Clinical psychologist try to understand and treat serious emotional and behavioural problems.
COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY Specialists in this area help people with personal or school problems and with career choices.
SOCIOLOGY Educational psychologist are concerned with the ways of children learn in the classroom and with the construction of psychological and educational tests.
INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY
This field focuses on ways to match employees to job, to train and motivate workers, and to promote job satisfaction and good relationships among workers.
SOCIOLOGY field focuses on the ways in which stress and other factors influence our health. .
G o a l s o f
Describe • Understand • Predict • Control •
- This involves a classification of psychological data into a meaningful categories or groupings. Qualitative Data: on the basis of similarities and consist of labels category names.
Quantitative Data: on the basis of characteristics that can be measured.
- Psychology tries to explain and interpret facts about behaviour. Organismic: variables operate within the individual such as motivation, intelligence and self-esteem. Dispositional: variables that exist within humans, such as personality. Situational: variables are external events that influence behaviour.
- research gives psychologist the tools to predict future behaviour reasonably well and forecasting the behaviour accurately. Scientific Prediction: Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a given location. Causal Prediction: To predict behaviour by understanding its causes.
- Controlling behaviour may be done through planning based on accurate prediction. The capacity to take a general plan of action and alternative solutions.
THANK YOU!
• • • • • • •
Define what Psychology is Briefly explicate the historical development of modern psychology Identify the traditional School of Psychology Describe the contemporary psychology Describe the 21st century psychology Differentiate the areas of psychology Identify the goals of Psychology
- The scientific study of behaviour and mental
processes
A Science Evolves
- In 1859, Charles Darwin, a British naturalist established t
SCHOOL
PROPONENT
SUBJECT MATTER
Structuralism
Edward B. Titchener
Structures of the mind composed of images, sensations and feelings.
Functionalism
William James
How mind functions in the adjustment of man to his environment.
Gestalt Psychology
Max Wertheimer Wolfgang Kohler Kurt Koffka
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Behaviorism
John B. Watson
Overt behavior means observable behavior - The importance of learning and the environment
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Past experiences influence the present behavior.
Contemporary Psychology
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: studies how people perceive, learn, remember and think about information. HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY: emphasizes a person’s capacity to personal growth, freedom to choose a destiny and positive qualities. EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY: seeks to understand the meaning of man’s existence.
Thematic Apperception Test
21st Century Psychology
COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE - focuses on cognitive processes and relies heavily on the methods and findings of neuroscience - ( the branch of biology that deals with the brain and nervous system.
Affective Neuroscience: Socio-cognitive Neuroscience:
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY holds that psychological mechanism have a genetic basis and in the past increased our ancestor’s chances of surviving and reproducing.
CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY
- is concerned with how the culture in which an individ
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
- emerged to balance the understanding of mental illness and th
A. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY B. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY C. DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY D. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY E. SOCIO-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY This studies the ways in which the nervous system and other organs provide the basis for behaviour and mental processes.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY This studies thinking, perceiving, planning, imagining, creating, dreaming, and problem-solving.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY This field is concerned with changes that take place in people during their life span as we grow from birth through old age.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY This studies the influence of other people on our behaviour, interpersonal attraction and intimate relationship, attitudes and prejudice toward others.
SOCIO-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY
This focuses on ethnic and cultural factors, gender identity, sexual orientation and related issues.
SOCIOLOGY
A. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
B. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY C. EDUCATIONAL / SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY D. INDUSTRIAL / ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY E. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY Clinical psychologist try to understand and treat serious emotional and behavioural problems.
COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY Specialists in this area help people with personal or school problems and with career choices.
SOCIOLOGY Educational psychologist are concerned with the ways of children learn in the classroom and with the construction of psychological and educational tests.
INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY
This field focuses on ways to match employees to job, to train and motivate workers, and to promote job satisfaction and good relationships among workers.
SOCIOLOGY field focuses on the ways in which stress and other factors influence our health. .
G o a l s o f
Describe • Understand • Predict • Control •
- This involves a classification of psychological data into a meaningful categories or groupings. Qualitative Data: on the basis of similarities and consist of labels category names.
Quantitative Data: on the basis of characteristics that can be measured.
- Psychology tries to explain and interpret facts about behaviour. Organismic: variables operate within the individual such as motivation, intelligence and self-esteem. Dispositional: variables that exist within humans, such as personality. Situational: variables are external events that influence behaviour.
- research gives psychologist the tools to predict future behaviour reasonably well and forecasting the behaviour accurately. Scientific Prediction: Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a given location. Causal Prediction: To predict behaviour by understanding its causes.
- Controlling behaviour may be done through planning based on accurate prediction. The capacity to take a general plan of action and alternative solutions.
THANK YOU!
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