Chapter 074 Answer

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Lehne: Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 6th Edition Answer Key Chapter 74: Drugs for Asthma Critical Thinking Case Study You should tell John and his mother that cromolyn is used for acute and long-term prophylaxis of asthma. The drug does not stop an ongoing asthma attack. It is administered via inhalation. Review the proper use of either the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) or nebulizer that John has been instructed to use. For acute prophylaxis, John should administer the cromolyn 15 minutes before exercise or encountering other precipitating factors, such as cold or environmental agents. For long-term prophylaxis, the cromolyn should be administered on a regular schedule. Be sure to inform John and his mother that it may take several weeks for therapeutic effects to develop. You should teach John and his mother how to record the asthma attacks he has and the use of cromolyn in relation to these attacks. Open-Book Quiz 1. immune-mediated airway inflammation 2. anti-inflammatory drugs, bronchodilators 3. bronchodilation 4. chronic 5. adrenal suppression, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, peptic ulcer disease, growth suppression in young patients 6. stabilizing the cytoplasmic membrane of mast cells, thereby preventing release of histamine and other mediators 7. leukotriene modifiers 8. cromolyn sodium

Answer Key Chapter 75: Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds Critical Thinking Case Study 1. You can tell Ms. K that decongestants can be used to reduce nasal congestion. They work by causing the blood vessels of the nose to constrict, which results in shrinkage of the swollen nasal membranes. When nasal sprays are used for more than a few days, the effects of each application wear off, and the congestion becomes more severe. To overcome the rebound congestion, the patient must use progressively larger and more frequent doses. Hence a cycle can develop. To break the cycle, use of the decongestant can be discontinued abruptly. This is very uncomfortable for the patient. The discomfort can be lessened by discontinuing use of the drug in one nostril at a time. 2. You can tell Ms. K that rebound congestion can be minimized by use of topical agents for 3 to 5 days. Elsevier Inc. items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Open-Book Quiz 1. oral antihistamines, intranasal glucocorticoids, intranasal cromolyn, sympathomimetics 2. Antihistamines are of no value against the common cold because they do not reduce nasal congestion. 3. They can relieve sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching. Antihistamines are most effective when taken prophylactically and less helpful when taken after symptoms have appeared. Therefore they should be administered on a regular basis throughout the allergy season, even when symptoms are absent. 4. azelastine 5. Cromolyn reduces symptoms by suppressing the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells. 6. omalizumab 7. codeine, hydrocodone 8. Dextromethorphan