Chapter 05

Chapter 5 Analysing Work and Designing Jobs

Human Resource Management, 5E

1

Learning Objectives • Understand the nature of job analysis and describe the process of conducting job analysis • Understand job design and describe how it is done • Identify techniques of job design with explanation of each

Human Resource Management, 5E

2

Job Description and Job Specification in Job Analysis Job Analysis A process of obtaining all pertinent job facts

Job Description A statement containing items such as • Job title • Location • Job summary • Duties • Machines, tools, and equipment • Materials and forms used • Supervision given or received • Working conditions • hazards

Job specification A statement of human qualifications necessary to do the job. Usually contains such items as • Education • Experience • Training • Judgement • Initiative • Physical efforts • Physical skills • Responsibilities • Communication skills • Emotional characteristics • Unusual sensory demands such as sight, smell, hearing

Human Resource Management, 5E

3

Job Analysis offers Competitive Advantage to a Firm • • • • • •

is a foundation for HRP foundation for employee hiring foundation for t & d foundation for performance appraisal foundation for wage and relay fixation foundation for safety and health

Human Resource Management, 5E

4

Process of Job Analysis Strategic Choices

Gather Information

Process Information

Job Description

Job Specification

• • • • • • • • •

Uses of Job Description and Job Specification Personnel Planning Performance Appraisal Hiring Training and Development Job Evaluation and Compensation Health and Safety Employee Discipline Work Scheduling Career Planning

Human Resource Management, 5E

5

Process of Job Analysis • Strategic choices – – – – –

• • • •

employee involvement levels of details timing and frequency of analysis past or future sources of data

Information gathering Information processing Job description Resulting in various outcomes Human Resource Management, 5E

6

Methods of Collecting Job Data Interviews

Observation

Questionnaire

Job Data

Checklists

Diary

Technical Conference

Human Resource Management, 5E

7

Job Enlargement

Employee 1

Employee 2

Tasks Drill holes Assemble Parts Test

Tasks Drill holes Assemble Parts Test

Human Resource Management, 5E

Employee 3 Tasks Drill holes Assemble Parts Test

8

Uses of Jobs Analysis HRP Recruitment and Selection

Training and Development Job Description

Job Evaluation

Job Analysis Job Specification

Remuneration Performance Appraisal Personnel Information Safety and Healthy

Human Resource Management, 5E

9

Job Rotation

Tasks Drill holes

Tasks Assemble Parts

Week 1

Week 2

Human Resource Management, 5E

Tasks Test Component

Week 3

10

Nature of Job Design • Job design is the conscious efforts to organize tasks, duties and responsibilities into one unit of work. It involves – identification of individual tasks – specification of methods of performing the tasks – combination of tasks into specific jobs to be assigned to individuals

Human Resource Management, 5E

11

Job Design Factors Feedback

Organisational Factors

Environmental Factors

Job Design

Productive and Satisfying Job

Behavioural Factors

Human Resource Management, 5E

12

High

Comparison of Five Design Approaches Socio-technical Systems

Medium

Job Enlargement

Job Engineering Job Rotation

Low

Impact

Job Enrichment

Low

Medium

High

Complexity Human Resource Management, 5E

13

Contemporary Issues • • • • •

Telecommuting Alternative work patterns Technostress Task revision Skill Development

Human Resource Management, 5E

14

Reality Check • Why do people like jobs but hate work?

Human Resource Management, 5E

15

Reality Check • Amazon.com is one company that has de-jobbing practice. Here a worker is switching from a job to job three months’ intervals. The .com puts more emphasis on broader worker specification than on detailed job description. Do you find any other organisation (s) practising dejobbing?

Human Resource Management, 5E

16

Reality Check List the expectation of each of the following jobs: • A programmer • Receptionist • Executive assistance • Sales Rep

Human Resource Management, 5E

17