Chapt 05

Chapter 5

Office Environment

Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Elements of the Office Environment

Lighting

Acoustics

Color Scheme

Condition of the Air

Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Study of the relationship of employees to their physical environment.

Ergonomics

Integrates several disciplines Psychology Physiology Sociology Communication theories Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Impact of Not Paying Attention to the Office Environment Employee productivity decreases. Employee morale decreases. Absenteeism and tardiness increase. Error rates increase. Physical well-being of employees may be jeopardized.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Repetitive motion injuries are becoming more common Carpal tunnel syndrome is most prevalent of these injuries. CTS results from the long-term irritation of the tendons connecting one’s hands and arm. Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Electromagnetic radiation is caused by video display terminals

Is thought to cause a higher-than-average rate of miscarriage, cancer, birth defects, and heart disease.

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Computer vision syndrome is a result of video display terminals

Occurs when the viewing requirements of the task being performed exceed the visual capabilities of the person performing the task.

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Indoor air pollution results from improperly designed building ventilation systems

Often results from a ventilation system that has outgrown its capability.

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Physically

Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

Lighting Affects Employees

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Psychologically

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Characteristics of Lighting Systems Equivalent Spherical Illumination Visual Comfort Probability

Is a direct-brightness ratio. Measures the quantity of light at the work surface.

Task Illumination Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

Measures the effectiveness of lighting systems.

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Equivalent Spherical Illumination Is influenced negatively by glares and reflections. Is affected by the degree of contrast between the work surface and the materials with which the employee works. Provides a measure of lighting uniformity. An ESI of 40 or higher is recommended.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Visual Comfort Probability Is affected negatively by visible bright light or visible reflectors. Should be at least .70 for routine office work and .90 when computers are used extensively in the area.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Task Illumination Is expressed in raw foot-candles, which is the amount of light produced one foot from a candle. Most office work requires 100 to 150 foot-candles of light.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Types of Lighting Systems Direct General diffuse

Semi-direct Indirect

Semi-indirect

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Direct Lighting

90-100 percent of the illumination is directed downward to work surface. Creates glares, reflections, and shadows.

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Semi-direct Lighting 60-90 percent of light is directed downward, with remainder directed upward and then reflected back downward. Shadows are less of a problem with direct lighting systems. Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Indirect Lighting 90-100 percent of light is directed upward, which then is diffused and is reflected downward. Eliminates most shadows and glares.

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Semi-indirect Lighting 60-90 percent of the light is directed upward and then reflected downward. Remainder of light is directed downward. Shadows and glare are more problematic than with indirect lighting. Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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General Diffuse 40-60 percent of light is directed to work surface with remainder reflected downward. Shadows and glare are more noticeable than with semi-indirect.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Task/ambient Lighting

Uses lighting fixtures mounted in the furniture.

Illuminates the work surface.

Task

Illuminates the area surrounding the work surface.

Ambient

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Is frequently directed downward. Is frequently directed upward. ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Kinds of Lighting Natural

Not very dependable.

Fluorescent

Continues to be the most common type of lighting system.

Incandescent

Is not as efficient as fluorescent lighting.

High-intensity discharge

Sometimes distorts colors.

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Kinds of Automatic Light Control Systems Photocell

Measures the amount of illumination in an area and adjusts accordingly.

Sensor

Senses the presence of people in an area and turns lights on automatically.

Computer

Technology turns lights on and off at predetermined times.

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Color

Has both a physical and psychological impact on humans. Psychologically, color affects Productivity Fatigue Morale Attitudes Tension

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In designing a suitable color scheme, consider Color combinations Effect of light on color Reflectance value of color Impact of color Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Acceptable Color Coordination Schemes

Complimentary

Opposite each other on the color chart.

Split Complimentary

Colors on either side of a complementary color.

Triad

Three colors equally distant from one another on the color chart.

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Effect of Light on Color Different types of artificial lighting have different color spectrums. Fluorescent lighting does not enhance reds and oranges. Incandescent lighting does not enhance purple and blue schemes.

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Reflectance Value of Color Various colors possess different reflectance values. Lighter colors tend to reflect a greater percentage of light than do darker colors.

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Impact of Color

Colors tend to create different moods

Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

Cool colors create calm and retiring moods. Warm colors create warm and cheerful moods. Natural tints are mildly stimulating. Deep purple and pale violet can create depressing moods. Gray has a sleep-inducing effect. 28

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Decibel

Is the unit measure of sound and is the smallest change in sound detectable by the human ear. Maximum decibel in an office should be 90.

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Ways to Control Office Noise Proper Construction

Includes controlling airborne and structural sounds.

Sound-absorbing Materials Sound-absorbing Devices

Includes proper use of ceiling, floor, wall, and window-covering materials. Includes putting covers on equipment that creates considerable noise.

Masking Technique

Includes blending office noise that creates considerable noise.

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Conditioning of the Air Considerations Air Temperature

Ideal working temperature is 68 degrees F.

Humidity Level

Optimum level is 50 percent.

Circulation of the Air Cleanliness of the Air Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

Adequate exchange rate is 25 cubic feet of air per minute per person. Involves installing air purification systems that remove germs, dust and dirt. 31

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Benefits of Music 1. Helps increase job satisfaction and productivity. 2. Helps reduce boredom and monotony. 3. Helps relieve mental and physical fatigue. 4. Helps reduce nervous tension and strain.

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Components of an Energy Conservation Program

Energy Conservation Committee Energy Efficiency Study Conservation Goals Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

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Office Security Dimensions

Protection of the organization’s physical property.

Administrative Office Management, 8/e by Zane Quible

Protection of the organization’s vital information.

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