Chap 3cell Orga

----

--r.trr

.-.i-k4i'vt-,'

rvrovelvtrNr or SUSSTANCES ACR0SS IHE PIASMA MEMBRANE The bdsic unit oJ

-';\.lliJl!

Plasma membrane: Asem p€rmeabecellmembranethaiaLlowswatera --a,*z:,rn and ouiofthe cel! substarcesto nrove

dcerta

'r

',,'. lr ..r

r.'-h

_ '

l'r

no

\c' rr"

I s LahL! fllln'lr^rrrc t.cJ to m 'rnt., corcentnl r ollhc celh inre.zlne aclilily

menbron€ is PhosPholiPrd molecule'

hydrophilic:apolarphosphatemoleculeh€ad

n

n

The necess ties for the movemeni of substances ocross the plosmo menbrone r' trri.Ll'lin ,hLJ n ruiLiLnr\ r iLl g1s' r Lhi (.ll\ !c.LLto c\lrerc rntrah liL$r\t(s

P osnrd

\r\*-'.J

s

(el Scrercs usetul substanc.s {rch as

hono

es and

cn7}Dcs

Fomaiion of Plasma membrane

Glycolipid

Phospholipids One layer of

phosPholiPids

pnospnotipit

,fi'"l,,,",r.*" .

UW,

Assists and controlsthe

units

oitayer

Y

)

J

Glycoprotein

... {.,. -JPhospholiPid

:

bilayer(7.5nm)

it

$N

smrll non-Dolar mol€.ules: latq acids, v'lamins F, K and stcrolds' Wller. carbon dioridc and oxYsdn

sLycerol,

' oxygen l. . nit,ogenous l,

.arbondioxtde

;minoacrds

Foctors thot determine ihe pe.meob lly of d mo ecu e o.ross

ihe

p asmo nembrone ore:

polaity .+,1-rz ! lbrcha,Ee llt ll tte

(a)

k)

\r\@ i trit ,,.,i.,,.

lij::iiiilfl

li'-."-*' '

,,.,'"-.,,,i,,'",'d,." ,. '.',,,,,,,, ".

vrhninsA, D.

The mole.ules tuove acros theplasda m.mbrrne in rcsponse to a concentriLion

rradLdr

.4 "1 ,l Jit{ lJt ${

|

qqq

|

/

o citl(

lhe.crr U

bcrwecf

Lhe inside

rnd

( .ntrols novencft of (rbstarces into.od oul ol

.-^

3 =E 39b,E 1:E3 3rc.E ;

3.:€ a-HE

F

E E

*;85

.:.:

E

4

!slE

o0

I F

-:

:

iF iF 6F :: 1b

:

:3

ib eEE

ao!

se :E

!a= I *3 1:

o

I

o

{'

:*i:

'= ./ ;

E;.Eg=*

9"-

6

ie

t

oPN

Neoi(M)sdi

:j ?*g

(D. a 1:::::1_;

:\:i.

H

r\ H

E

'E a?

z E6 R(

l)

I

/

15

I

I E

oo

5! i"a

i

l!

il

Ed

9 ST

Bhd. 15546e0-Hl

'€.-1\;

--.:f

6

3;

..!.,F

3

I 't* '?r!

5

F

E] 'E=iE= .f:=

=aiz2

ts :E

:( :t 9l

\

x\

q)

o

i(

3E'T

! ==::r ! i }==r e :E=-C

:,;aa2 :;g;A

:;

9H;;

;!rFg

:

EF;

/E

3

3f$, : ii"=i:! EF::6:

;:

!frs

;E3

Ed5

eE

aE

"2

2

*r --|:;:

!

* lFr3

,.@

p! F: 3 E .i;

' - ()

lffill*T

93

H

E

I

G@ E

@

ili

sodium ion,

o

G,

Pota$ium ion, K' moves to the inside

ofthecell.

gndient

o

canier protein will change back qLrickly to its original shape orstructure f ollowing th€ removal olthe phosphate group.

o

Concentration

gladlent

gradient

Requirementof En€rgl/

Requir€ment

ofspecial

Canier protein (biological pump)

proteins Requirement

ofliving Control bycell

. .

.'ipidsolublemolecutes

Until an equilibdum is

glucose

.

nucleicacids r protein

Types

of

aminoacids

Untll an equillbdun ls

Transportation

condition 16

Leads to accumulation or elimination oithe substance

TYPES OF SOLUTIONS Water concentmtion outside

Waterconcentration inside and

thecell is higherthanthewater

outside of the cell

concentration inside the cell. Solute mncentration in the extemal soltrtion is lesserthan solute concentraiio. inside the cell

solute concentEtion iniie extenal solution isequaltothesolute concentration insidc the.nll

.

isue same.

Soluteconcentration in the extemal solltion isgreater thanthe solute mncentration inside the ell.

,1@

Effects on

animalcell

HrO

r----ismosis celllysis ' rt,o (Haemolysis) Water molecules enterthe cell. the cell inilates and eventually bursts. ft is is becausethethin plasma membrane is deiicate to withstand osmoric pressure

.

H,O

HrO

Ihere js no change in the sDe or cell. A cellin Net movement of water is zero.

Watermoi€cules leavethe ceJl, the cell sh nksand becomessoft and

isotonic solution neither loses n0r gains

Solute concentration in the extenat

solute c{n@ntlation inthe odemal solution isequalto thesolute

solution is lessertian sollte concentation in 1ne cell sap.

'

concentuation in the cell sap.

Solute conceniration in the external solution is greater than the $lute conc€ntntion in the cell sap.

Walerm0lecules enlerlhe cell. Cell

eipandsand bemoes tim orlurgid.

Ihe

gid cellu lose cell wa ll expands

and pEvents

BeakerA:

. '

Effects on

cdblood

s

lightly

cellibn buding.

D

sulledwater

B-"aker

Cells becameturgid andexpanded.

Bloodindlstilledwater(hypotonic solution)

cells

Nochange0rodgnalsize becauselheplam cell is in a dynaoicequilibium condition.

'

'|

. .

erpands hx'cr 'nd

59'; sucrose

iPlasmolysrsoccu6andheell becomes EeakerC: 30% sucrosesolution

solution

Sirip remaiflded the same shape. Slood in0.85% sodlunchbnde solution (isoionic solution)

'.-rl:'i Waterentetsthe - t, cell, cell

B:

. water ftolecul6 leave the ceti. . Vacoule and cytoplasm shink.

. .

Cells becameflaccid. Slood in 5%sodium chlodde solution (hypertonic sotution)

Nochange in

d'

qirr4e

Preservation oflood usins salt o. slgar

s

oPMrN? mn (M)

tui

Dissolved'ons (chemicar tenilizers) incease solute concentntion and decrease concentration insoil.

--rr---waterleaves> Hence,

from the cell sapof plantinto

Brrd 1e5r6e0 Nr

Food is soaked in a concentrated salt soltrtion,so thatall tie water

-#